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This study compared and analyzed the differences in perception related to the motivation for blood donation participation and VNRD (Voluntary Non-Remunerated Blood Donation) selection according to the blood donor's occupation type and blood donation frequency. Based on prior research investigating perceptions related to donation, a questionnaire was developed. And t-tests and ANOVA were conducted to analyze differences between considered groups. Results showed that significant differences in blood donation motivation and VNRD selection perception between public official and the general public. Blood donation frequency also influenced the motivation for selecting VNRD. Differences in blood donation motivation were found between groups choosing souvenirs and VNRD. These results provide crucial insights for establishing strategies to activate the VNRD and planning blood donation campaigns and programs. In particular, differentiated approach strategies considering various occupational types and blood donation experiences are needed to increase awareness and demand for the VNRD.

This study analyzes “on the spot guidance” articles in Rodong Sinmun using text mining and network analysis. By analyzing the characteristics of the policies under Kim Jong-il and Kim Jong-un, and the extent to which they were linked, we determined the extent to which the policies under Kim Jong-un were inherited from the policies of Kim Jong-il’s government. Data was drawn from Rodong Sinmun archives from July 8, 1994, the date of Kim Il Sung's death, to November 24, 2020 and included articles with “on the spot guidance” in the title. Under both Kim Jong-il and Kim Jong-un, the main keywords from these articles were related to solving food problems, industrial development, and advancing science and technology. North Korea’s fundamental policy emphasis was consistent from the Kim Jong-il period to the Kim Jong-un period, though the details of the policies differed depending on the supreme leader.

Amidst the heightening urgency of climate change impacts, underpass roadways are particularly susceptible to the intensifying and unpredictable weather events, with flooding being a primary concern. This paper highlights the dire need for sophisticated safety assessment technologies specifically catered to these critical infrastructures. Herein, we present a pioneering risk assessment model that holistically incorporates environmental variables along with urban developmental factors to yield an exhaustive evaluation of flood vulnerability. Our proposed methodological framework offers a robust scientific foundation for the identification of high-risk areas, which is crucial for effective emergency response planning, optimized resource allocation, and enhancing the adaptive capacity of urban environments to weather extremes. The adoption of such advanced assessment tools is not just beneficial but becomes essential for informed urban planning and safeguarding the populace against the dire consequences of flood events.

The purpose of this study is to examine the problems that AI will bring in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution and suggest crisis management directions to overcome them. The main results are as follows. ① We must continue to create new jobs that only humans can do, focusing on personality and emotion, to replace jobs being eroded by AI. ② Enact correct standards and laws regarding the development and use of AI technology. There is a need to continue discussions focusing on problems that may arise in advance regarding the development of high-risk, mass-destructive AI weapons and the misuse of AI. ③ In the AI era, specific standards and laws must be established on how AI will make human-centered decisions by prioritizing human dignity in various situations. ④ Establishment of AI ethics. Preparing for the possibility that super-artificial intelligence will destroy humanity in the future should be treated as a common agenda with countries around the world participating. In order to prevent adverse effects of AI that threaten the survival of humanity, it is necessary to establish AI ethics based on human dignity.

In this study, the interrelationships among accident prevention functions targeting leakage accidents in cathode material manufacturing process were analyzed using the FRAM (Functional Resonance Analysis Method) method. 17 system functions of accident prevention were derived from the target accidents. Each function was connected and developed into six aspects such as input, output, prerequisites, resources, control, and time. And, the causes of leakage accidents in complex interactions were analyzed in detail. Results showed that the complex interaction and ripple effects of functional variability were analyzed as the cause of the accident unlike the existing root cause analysis (RCA) that deals with simple cause-effect relationships. Specific response plans were derived, including systematic management of operation plans, continuous monitoring of facilities, and strengthening of worker training and information sharing mechanisms. The FRAM method confirmed that it can serve as an effective tool for accident prevention in considered new chemical processes. It is expected to be used as an important tool that can significantly reduce human casualties, property damage, and environmental accidents in the cathode active material manufacturing process.