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Based on data from prospectuses of GEM listed companies in China, the signaling effect of pre-listing dividend distribution policy is investigated. If the dividend signaling effect exists in Chinese IPO markets, there is likely a negative relationship between pre-listing dividends and IPO underpricing, also a positive relationship between pre-listing dividends and IPO stock price performance. The results of the empirical analysis show that there is a reasonable correlation between pre-listing cash dividend distribution and IPO pricing and stock price performance, and different information connotations are exhibited in the primary and secondary markets. Specifically, companies that have distributed cash dividends in the three years prior to the IPO, especially those that have distributed steadily for three consecutive years, have a significantly lower IPO price suppression rate than non-distributing companies, while the cumulative IPO excess return rate is significantly higher than that of non-distributing companies. Moreover, pre-listing dividend distribution is significantly and positively correlated with the cumulative excess return at 60, 120, and 240 days after IPO, that is, companies that distribute dividends steadily before IPO have better IPO stock price performance. The study also finds that companies that distribute dividends unexpectedly before going public have more severe price depression, but their cumulative excess returns at 60, 120, and 240 days after going public are still not significantly different from that of other companies, even when higher issue depression is included. This suggests that pre-listing dividends help mitigate information asymmetry between issuers and public investors, increase the value of companies in the primary market and reduce IPO price suppression. Similarly, companies that pay stable dividends before going public are more recognized by the market, increasing the value of the company in the secondary market and increasing the cumulative IPO excess return. However, pre-listing surprise dividends do not have a signaling effect and fail to be favored by secondary market investors. By reviewing both classic and recent literature, we consider that our many-sided discussions on the signaling hypothesis and IPO stock price performance contribute to related future research in this field.

Since the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea in 1992, there has been a trend of warm exchanges between the two sides. However, the advent of COVID-19 spread suddenly across the world and brought an unprecedented infectious disaster to human society and had a huge impact on the exchanges between two countries. With the prolonged outbreak, the "coexistence" with human beings during the COVID-19 has become a "new normal". Under the background of the normalization of the pandemic, people from all walks of life have begun to try to open new ways of people-to-people exchange, one of such attempts is the live-streaming of Korean courses. Some Korean language education institutes in South Korea’s Universities are offering live-streaming Korean courses to Chinese college students, hoping to boost their interest in the language and culture. If more and more Chinese college students are interested in the Korean language, Korea’s Universities can continue the exchange and cooperation with Chinese Universities and help them realize their desire to study in Korea, thereby promoting international exchanges between the Universities. From a national perspective, people-to-people exchanges between the two countries can thus be continued in the context of the pandemic, and bilateral relations can continue to move forward. However, there is no relevant explanation in academic circles as to whether online Korean courses will help to cultivate Chinese college students' interest in Korean. The data collected using questionnaires was subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS 26.0 platform. It was observed that the live streaming of Korean language courses to Chinese college students, which were carried out by a Korean local University language institute, improved the students’ Korean level and understanding of Korean culture. They remained interested in the Korean language. With regards to interest intensity, more than half of the students' interest intensity in the Korean language remained unchanged, about 10% of the students' interest intensity increased, while about 30% decreased. Therefore, live streaming of Korean courses did not achieve the purpose of improving college students' interest in Korean.

This paper took Hu Shih’s 胡適 (1891-1962) atheistic ideas before studying abroad in the United States as the subject of discussion, and discussed it in the following two aspects. First, when discussing Hu’s atheistic ideas, we cannot help but mention the traditional academic background, educational environment, and experience of his family. In this paper, it was confirmed that his father’s teaching, which encompasses gewu 格物 (investigating things) and qiongli 窮理 (exhausting the principle), laid the foundation for Hu to gradually grow academically, and that the ancient Chinese philosophical texts that Hu encountered as a child, especially Fan Zhen’s 范縝 (fl. 450-515) Shenmielun 神滅論 (Theory of Annihilation), were the decisive factors in Hu’s formation of atheistic ideas. In addition, Hu joined the Jingye Society 競 業學會, which was a revolutionary organization during his school days, and unlike the members of the Jingye Society directly participated in the revolutionary activities at the time, Hu was in charge of editing and publishing the Jingye Xunbao 競業旬報, a periodical published by the society. It is noteworthy that Hu published dozens of articles under various pen names while in charge of editing and publishing the Jingye Xunbao, and most of the articles criticized the old customs and old practices that were deeply rooted in Chinese society at the time. In short, in this paper, it was found that Hu’s family background and academic influence in his childhood, and his educational environment and society activities in his youth were important foundations for the formation of Hu’s atheistic ideas. Second, Hu did not hesitate to criticize the Chinese people who were accustomed to superstitious customs, idolatry, and causal thinking that were prevalent in Chinese society at the time through Jingye Xunbao. As a result of the study, it was found that Hu’s criticism was a kind of conscious “practice” of the fundamental purpose of Jingye Xunbao, which advocated the destruction of superstition and enlightenment of the people. I argue that Hu’s atheistic ideas are not only his own personal beliefs, but also his ideological foundation that allowed him to grow into an advanced intellectual driving China’s modernization and a pragmatist who led China’s reform with critical attitudes and scientific methods.

The lack and obsolescence of in international Chinese language teaching resources is a problem, especially when teachers and teaching materials are separated from the teaching site such as in online programs. For overseas students studying Chinese, problems related to the effectiveness and fun of teaching resources and the timeliness of teaching feedback have long plagued overseas Chinese language teach. MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) solve this problem to a certain extent. They can be said to have played a positive role in promoting Chinese education. Especially in recent years, with the maturity of MOOC technology and education models, more and more people have begun to use MOOCs to learn Chinese. South Korea, a country with a massive online network, has also achieved fruitful results in MOOC education; and especially, the MOOC courses it has developed for college students are very mature. This article identifies the similarities and differences between China and South Korea in the process of developing Chinese a comparative analysis of the Chinese language teaching status of the Korean MOOC (Korean Massive Open Online Courses; K-MOOC) and the Chinese-university MOOC platforms in Chinese universities. The first part of this article compares the operating models of the two platforms. It mainly analyzes the establishment time, operation scale, number of participants, course classification, and fees of K-MOOC and Chinese-university MOOCs. The second part analyzes the status of research on MOOCs in China and South Korea. China and South Korea created MOOC teaching platforms almost at the same time, but Chinese-university MOOCs have achieved independent income generation, while K-MOOCs have not yet realized economic benefits at the social level. However, the two countries have many similarities in MOOC research directions, mainly including the cognition of MOOCs and their learning effects, platform design, case analysis, and comparison. The third part compares the Chinese teaching content, teaching methods, interactive effects, platform design, policies, and other aspects of the two platforms. In particular, quantitative statistics and content on the teaching staff, technical support, and other aspects of two platforms were analyzed and showed differences between Chinese education MOOCs in China and South Korea at the present stage. The fourth part summarizes the actual situation of Chinese teaching MOOCs in China and South Korea at this stage.

Consumers in China currently have a higher level of living as a consequence of the country's strong economic growth, which has boosted their interest in and demand for overseas products . In China's expanding e-commerce market, there is also a rising concentration on markets associated with the demand for overseas products. By observing the status quo of bonded cross-border e-commerce websites, this study is in line with the current development objective of strengthening the groundwork for optimizing service quality. This study sheds light on the evolution of Chinese bonded direct shopping websites by investigating the variables influencing the purchase decisions of Chinese customers on the basis of their characteristics as bonded direct shopping website consumers. In light of this, on the basis of the SERVQUAL model and E-SERVQUAL model, this paper analyzes the service quality of FTZ-based cross-border e-commerce websites through five influencing factors, such as Economics, Trustworthiness, Logistics speed, Security and After-sales Service. 241 Chinese customers who have utilised the website for China Bonded Direct Shopping participated in the questionnaire study. Based on the response data, SPSS statistics and AMOS program were performed in the empirical analysis to conduct exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The empirical analysis results demonstrate that the characteristics of bonded direct shopping websites, such as Economics, Trustworthiness, Logistics speed, Security and After-sales Service, have a positive (+) impact on consumers’ purchase intention. These characteristics are prioritised as follows: Trustworthiness > After-sales Service > Logistics speed > Economics >Security. When it comes to influencing customers’ decision to make a purchase, the reliability of the cross-border e-commerce platform in the bonded area is the most important factor. This study's findings support the argument that linked direct shopping websites can benefit from strengthening five major characteristics, most notably the reliability of the implications. This research is projected to give strategic illumination for the relevant cross-border e-commerce industry as commercial activities in the bonded direct purchase field intensify in the future. Consumers’ theoretical and practical purchase decisions are projected to be influenced by word of mouth's informational components when the new bonded model is implemented.

The entrepreneur will behave according to the principle of interest maximization entrepreneurship configuration, first forming the enterprise's internal balance, then, based on the logical order of the priority of system construction in the combination of strategic behavior. Therefore, the dual balance between entrepreneurship allocation and business environment elements is of great significance for enterprises to achieve high performance. Based on the configuration perspective and multiple institutional logic, this paper uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the interaction between business environment elements and entrepreneurship configuration and the combination path to produce high firm performance, with 641 listed equipment manufacturing companies as the sample. The results show the following: ① high firm performance is the result of the interaction between entrepreneurship and the business environment; ② the configuration of entrepreneurship is closely related to the configuration of the business environment, showing differentiation characteristics; and ③ there is heterogeneity in the portfolio path of high performance for firms with different property rights. This paper can help enterprises correctly understand and grasp the balanced relationship between entrepreneurship and business environment elements and allocate entrepreneurship actively according to the changes in the external business environment to reach high enterprise performance. This paper still has some limitations. On the one hand, it is based on 641 listed companies in the equipment manufacturing industry, and the data have certain industry characteristics. In future research, more industries can be included to verify the universal applicability of the conclusions. On the other hand, limited by the length of the research and the number of term conditions by the fsQCA method, the term conditions selected in this paper are environmental variables, while less attention is given to the enterprise's own factors. More comprehensive variables can be included in future research to produce more in-depth and convincing research conclusions.

With technological development and environmental changes, the resources owned by companies and organizations have been equalized, and the competitive advantage of existing resources has lost relative importance. In this way, companies and organizations must secure excellent talents to secure a continuous competitive advantage. However, in Chinese current human resource management method, the traditional way of simply exchanging goods and services is insufficient to induce voluntary commitment of members, and for those companies and organizations with limited resources, it is difficult to give employees a satisfactory allocation of resources. Therefore, this study aims to explore a method to enhance job enthusiasm that can lead to voluntary commitment of members. As such, this study is to first verify whether the emotional intelligence, psychological ownership, and meaning of work of members of the organization affect job engagement. Next, it is intended to verify whether job engagement affects voice behavior. Finally, it is necessary to understand whether work enthusiasm has mediating effect among emotional intelligence, psychological ownership, meaning of work and voice behavior. Therefore, a self-report survey was conducted on members working in Chinese companies in this study, with a total of 395 copies of the collected questionnaire. SPSS V.22.0 and AMOS V.22.0 statistical software were used for empirical analysis, and other analysis techniques such as frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation model and other analysis methods were also used. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, emotional intelligence, psychological ownership, and the meaning of work have a positive (+) effect on job engagement. Second, job engagement has a positive (+) effect on voice behavior. Third, psychological ownership has a positive (+) effect on voice behavior. Fourth, job engagement has a mediating effect among emotional intelligence, psychological ownership, meaning of work and voice behavior.