Earticle

China's distribution trade has emerged as the primary player in the service industry. However, although the Chinese government is laying huge emphasis on the distribution industry, it is much less efficient when compared with those of advanced countries. In addition, public perception of the distribution industry as a logistics activity largely hinders its development. The purpose of this study is to measure the national economic contribution of the China's distribution industry and to use it as a policy making tool in the future. This study utilized the year 2017’s industry linkage table of 149 sectors, published by China’s Bureau of Statistics in 2019. The wholesale and the retail industries were created as distribution-industry sectors, and the industry associations of 32 distribution-industry sectors in China were created by using appropriate models. This was analyzed through input coefficient, production-inducement coefficient, sensitivity coefficient, influence coefficient, value-added-inducement coefficient, income-inducement coefficient, taxinducement coefficient, and labor-inducer value. The results of the analysis of the input coefficient; production-inducement coefficient (China’s distribution industry has a column and a row of production-inducement coefficients totaling 1.806 and 3.802, respectively); sensitivity coefficient (1.403); influence coefficient (0.666); value-added-inducement coefficient (1); income-inducement coefficient (0.455); tax-inducement coefficient (0.127); and labor-inducer value (5529 (1454 direct incentives and 4075 indirect incentives)) were recorded. Based on the aforementioned results, the following implications were suggested. First, the distribution industry is necessary for collect technology and resources from governments and companies. Second, because the distribution industry is classified as a mid-demand primitive industry, the government must develop it as a national strategic industry. Third, because the distribution industry is creating many jobs, it is necessary to promote industrial model reform.

Fueled by the development of Internet information technology, the application of online videos keeps on the rise. Especially after the outbreak of COVID-19 and the arrival of the Chinese New Year, people's attention tends to be shifted from offline to online, and online videos are extensively used in a rapid manner. As a result, the competition in different aspects is becoming increasingly fierce. However, owing to the high cost of copyright and broadband, the profit of online video platforms is not pretty good. One of the significant forms of profit ways of online video platforms is paid video, which is naturally attached by online video. However, promotions of paid video services does not go smoothly. Meanwhile, thanks to the development of Internet information and communication technology, people increasingly spread information through the Internet due to its characteristics of a wide dissemination range, fast uploading speed, etc., and take the information in the network form as a significant reference for purchasing decisions. Thus, from the perspective of perceived value, this thesis studies the influence of the perceived value of paid video users on purchase intention from four aspects: function, economy, emotion, and society, with internet word-of-mouth as the regulating variable. In this thesis, college students in Hebei Province and members of selected video websites are regarded as the research objects. 500 questionnaires were distributed through wjx.cn, with 449 valid questionnaires recovered, and SPSS23.0 and AMOS23.0 were used to analyze the data. This study draws the following conclusions. Firstly, the perceived value of economic, emotional, and social dimensions exerts a significant positive impact on purchase intention. Besides, there exists a significant moderating effect between the perceived value of internet word-of-mouth and the purchase intention in economic, emotional, and social aspects. Moreover, functional value does not significantly affect purchase intention. Finally, internet word-of-mouth has no moderating effect between functional value and purchase intention. This thesis studies the influencing factors of consumers' purchase intention and learns about the psychological activities of consumers in their purchase behaviors, which is beneficial for enterprises to make relatively accurate predictions of consumers' purchase decisions. From the perspective of video website operators, this thesis comes up with some targeted marketing suggestions on enhancing service quality, lowering operating costs, expanding user scale, and upgrading competitiveness, which is of certain significance to the development of video network platforms and the resumption of China's economic vitality after the epidemic.

≪Xiandai Hanyu Cidian≫ is one of the dictionaries published in China. Although the dictionary is well written, we can still find some problems in it. It dsecribes that “Shiyi” is an adjective. A lot of dictionaries in China follow it. I argue that the dictionary’s explandtion of the term “Shiyi” is not entirely correct. In Modern Chinese adjective “Shiyi” can be followed by a fun-ction word “Yu”, and many grammarians argue that “Yu……” is the complement to the predecessor word “Shiyi”. But some scholars say that “Shiyi + Yu” is a structure which is equal to the role of a transitive verb. I think their argument is much better than that of the former. The reason is that the preposition “Yu” already adheres to the adjective “Shiyi” in Chinese. Another phenomenon worth paying attention to is that “Shiyiyu” sometimes can drop “Yu” in its structure, and result in “Shiyi” having its object directly. The transitive verb “Shiyi” and the structure of the “Shiyiyu” can take both verbal objects and noun structure objects. This means that “Shiyi” can also have the role of a transitive verb. In my opinion, the explanation of the term “shiyi” should be translated as follows: ｢【shiyi】Shi Yi Adjective heshi; xiangyi: xingdong～｜bianyuan shanqu, jiaotong∼｡ Transitive Verb shihe; dui……heshi/xiangyi; zai(zuomoufangmian)……heshi/xiangyi: shatu∼ zhong huasheng｡｣

Over the last 40 years, the U.S.-China relationship has experienced many twists and turns. When China first embarked on a series of economic reforms, the U.S. and many of its western allies hoped that these more open-door policies would herald not only a new level of prosperity for the Chinese people but also usher in more western philosophies and standards of government. However, while the economy has undoubtedly prospered, China’s ties with the U.S. have continued to remain strained. The current Trump Administration has gone to increasingly greater lengths to address what it perceives are significant imbalances in the relationship. A new trade has been sought, however the use tit-for-tat policies which has seen the introduction of new tariff measures by both sides has undoubtedly hindered this negotiation process. Our research examines complex nature of the U.S.-China Trading relationship. It provides a detailed appraisal of the current state of U.S.-China trade as well as detailed overview of the trade battle that has unfolded in recent times. As part of this, the study also explains the key aspects behind the conflict, including: apparent unfair trade practices, such as currency manipulation; the economic rise of China; and the ideological differences that exist between the two countries. The study also addresses Chinese concerns that the U.S. fears what a growing China may mean for its global interests by pointing to the “60% rule”. An assessment of the empirical literature shows that the economic impact of the U.S.-China trade war has been felt by both sides. However, China has been found to suffer more, with research showing GDP falling from -0.1% to -1.35% in the U.S. and between -0.3% and -1.5% in China.

Development experience of world-wide coastal countries and regions show, joint development of the port and its hinterland area's economy is important to the regional economy's positive development. The port and the regional economy interact with each other. They bring along coastal cities' prosperity and promote the hinterland area economy's development in cluster diffusion effect and export-led effect. In order to discuss the relevance effect of interaction between the port group and regional economy, the paper selects Ningbo-Zhoushan port, which is ranking world-wide 1st in terms of cargo handling quantity, as study object for empirical study. The paper adapts data between 2007~2018 and builds up a causal relationship between Ningbo Port/ Zhoushan Port/ Ningbo Zhoushan Port and the corresponding regional economy indicator. Whereas, with software EViews10.0 and SPSS23.0, and adopting the regression analysis method and correlation analysis method, the paper makes a study on the regional economy relevance effect. The study results imply that: (1) Port and regional economies have a good interactive relationship. An increase of 1 million tonnage turnover in the Ningbo-Zhoushan port group, Zhoushan port, and Ningbo port will bring economic growth in the hinterland of 1.2848 billion, 0.2510 billion, and 1.2848 billion, respectively. The port comes into being the growth pole of regional economic growth that driving the regional economy's growth significantly. (2) The Port group area's economic growth is synchronous with port capacity growth. Correlation analysis about port cargo handling capacity and five evaluation index of GDP, GDP per capita, GDP growth rate, the proportion of tertiary industrial output-value, and total foreign trade value shows that during the years from 2007 to 2018, the correlation degree is highest between ports capacity (Ningbo Port, Zhoushan Port, Ningbo-Zhoushan Port) and GDP, the coefficient is 0.9620, 0.9920 and 0.995 respectively. (3) Regional economic growth provides necessary support to the port group. The correlation analysis outcome also shows GDP is the most important index influencing port cargo handling capacity. The continuous growth of regional GDP assures the growth of port cargo handling capacity. The regional economic development level has a great influence on the port's high-quality development.

This study explores how China’s regulative, normative, and cognitive institutional constraints and support affect its firms’ outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) strategies at the subnational level. Our model assumes that the main motivation for firms’ OFDI is to escape the home country’s institutional constraints. Moreover, the institutional support of the home country’s government works as a moderator that accelerates the speed at which firms escape. We collected 26,411 firm-year observations, including 7,098 FDIs conducted by 2,401 firms between 2007 and 2017. The logit and panel regression analysis methods measure the effect of institutional constraints and support on Chinese firms’ OFDI. The results show that institutional constraints positively affect Chinese OFDI, confirming that the higher the institutional constraints in China are, the more likely it is that the firm will escape, and as the constraints increase, the faster they will do so. The institutional support for domestic development has positive effects on Chinese OFDI, which is contrary to expectation, while institutional support for internationalization has a positive effect on Chinese OFDI. Additionally, institutional support for domestic development and internationalization positively moderate the relationship between institutional constraints and the speed and number of OFDIs. This study analyzes the concept of “escape OFDI” empirically by examining the effects of subnational institutional constraints on OFDI activities at the firm level. This study advances the understanding of the motivations for OFDI activities by recognizing the existence of both institutional constraints and support in shaping the internationalization strategies of firms from developing countries, thus addressing an important gap in this field. Furthermore, it is a novel attempt to examine the impact of these two kinds of support on firms’ OFDI, which provides a new lens for understanding the internationalization of firms from developing countries.