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In business, interest in trans-gender advertising is increasing in terms of embracing gender diversity. Despite the practical interest in trans-gender advertising, there exist very few studies empirically examining when and why the effect of trans-gender advertising appears. Therefore, this study verified to whom and why the effect of trans-gender advertising exists more positive using a series of experiments on MZ generation consumers in China and Korea. Specifically, through two experiments, it was found that Chinese consumers preferred trans-gender advertisements over Korean consumers. In addition, psychological reactance mediated between country and ad attitude. Next, it was revealed that female consumers had a more favorable attitude toward trans-gender advertising than male consumers. Moreover, psychological reactance mediated between sex and ad attitude. This study fills a gap in the growing domain of literature involving gender diversity issue in advertising and provide useful guidelines for practitioners.

Economists disagree about the effectiveness of monetary policy and the necessity of government intervention. Classic economists, such as Adam Smith advocated a complete market so there have no use of monetary policy and government intervention. Keynesian economics emerged with propositions of government intervention and the utility of monetary and fiscal policies. New Keynesian economics modified real business cycle model, adding nominal rigidities, various shocks and frictions, incomplete markets, and so on, to construct a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, which clarifies monetary policy non-neutrality in the short run. The DSGE model has become the most widely used model for macroeconomic analysis, emphasizing Keynesian economics. Many central Banks use the DSGE model as an important reference when implementing monetary or fiscal policy. The People’s Bank of China implements monetary policy to regulate and promote economic development. Hence, it is extremely meaningful to figure out the dynamic effects of monetary policy shock in China as a reference for Chinese monetary authority. In the paper, a small open dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model was used to present the dynamic effects of monetary policy shock on the Chinese economy. Some important parametric values were estimated using a Bayesian approach, leveraging quarterly Chinese macroeconomic data representing real output and inflation from January 1992 to 2018. According to the model, a negative monetary policy shock in the home country drops interest rates below their steady-state value and expanded the interest-rate gap during the first period, whereas the interest rate gap reduced and reverted to the zero steady state in the end. The negative monetary policy shock had a negative effect on the output, labor, inflation, wages, and consumption, dropping them below their steady-state values. However, the negative monetary policy shock had a positive effect on net exports, sending it above its steady-state value. A negative monetary policy shock of the world economy has negative effects on the output, net export, labor, real wages, and consumption, causing these variables to fall below their steady-state values. A negative monetary policy shock has a positive effect on inflation, causing it to rise above its steady-state value during the initial periods. However, inflation quickly drops below its steady-state and reverts to a steady-state in the end.

This research analyses the relationship between achievement motivation, educational consumption satisfaction, and subjective well-being of Chinese students studying in South Korea. Students exchange their original support system and growth environment for an unfamiliar cultural environment, and must adapt to the new milieu and language, as well as learn a new way of life. Therefore, the problems they face are diversified, and they are more likely to experience more problems than local students. In the process of studying abroad, the most common difficulties faced by international students are academic issues, career development, and stress. In addition, studies have shown that these factors may also affect the physical and mental adaptation of international students. Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, international students were detrimentally affected by the prevention and control of the pandemic in various countries, their original lifestyles have been seriously impacted, their anxiety levels have risen, and the degree of subjective wellbeing has declined. Subjective well-being has remained an important research field in positive psychology. Positive psychology discusses subjective well-being from three perspectives: emotional experience, personality traits, and environment. It holds that positive experience, traits and environment can help improve one’s quality of life, enabling people to persist in the face of difficulty, relieve psychological pressure, and reduce the occurrence of psychological disease. Achievement motivation is the intrinsic motivation for individual success. It is the motivation for individuals to pursue what they consider important, to perform valuable work, and to achieve success through the pursuit of high standards. Consumption satisfaction of university education service refers to students’ comprehensive evaluation of school education after reaching psychological or expected goals. The logical relationship between the three is consistent with the research framework of positive psychology. This research yielded the following results following hypothesis testing on sample data of 425 Chinese students studying in South Korea: (1) Achievement motivation has a significantly positive (+) effect on subjective well-being. (2) Achievement motivation has a significantly positive (+) effect on educational consumption satisfaction. (3) Educational consumption satisfaction has a significantly positive (+) influence on subjective well-being. (4) Educational consumption satisfaction has a partial mediating effect on the influence of achievement motivation on subjective well-being. The results show that, firstly, achievement motivation, as the need or trend of pursuing success, represents the desire or tendency to solve and do things as well as possible, and has the directional significance of emotion, cognition and behavior. As an internal driving force, achievement motivation plays an important role in the process of studying abroad. Secondly, in the few studies done on education consumption satisfaction, we found that some foreign scholars and educators have realized the importance of education consumption satisfaction, and gradually carried out research on the concept, measurement, and influencing factors. Our research provides an empirical supplement for this.

The purpose of this study is to compare the service attributes provided by Chinese airlines and Korean airlines to determine which service attributes should be presented first to improve service quality. To achieve the purpose of this study, Kano (1984)'s three-factor theory and PRCA (Penality-Reward-Contrast) analysis were used. A dummy variable was used to classify low performance and high performance according to the study of Alegre and Garau (2011), and the results of PRCA analysis were presented by classifying low performance and high performance by each airline service attribute. The results of this study are as follows. First, in the case of Chinese airlines cabin crew service was classified as a must-be factor, and in the case of food and beverage service it was classified as an attractive factor. The remaining seat- comfort ground service in-flight entertainments and Wi-Fi connectivity were classified as one-dimensional factors. In the case of food and beverage services, not being provided does not cause dissatisfaction but if provided it can be identified as a factor that can maximize satisfaction. The service quality attribute of other one-dimensional factors was classified as an important factor in customer satisfaction management as a symmetric factor as a factor that induces customer satisfaction the more the airline provides to customers. According to the AIPA analysis result of Korean Air, seat-comfort, food and beverage service, in-flight entertainments and Wi-Fi service were classified as must-be factors. The implications of this study are as follows. First, the asymmetric influence of service attribute view was analyzed differently from the existing airline service quality measurement. Through this analysis, the importance evaluation between airline service quality attributes was confirmed. Second, by performing AIPA analysis based on the classified attributes, it is possible to derive airline service strategies using service attributes such as preferential services and improved services for each airline.

Ideological and political education is the lifeline of all work in colleges and universities, which plays an extremely important role in China. Ideological and political education is the key to realize the goal of human morality and ability cultivation, the research of which promotes the discipline development and caters to the internal requirement of raising the education awareness itself. The research methods include the advanced researching function in CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), space vector model, Word2VEC (natural language processing model), Python (programming language edition) and so on. The study showed that 541 research institutions have published literature about ideological and political education. Most of these institutions are Higher education institution and Beijing Normal University has the largest number of publications. In addition, 102 Chinese journals have published literature on ideological and political education in colleges and universities. What is noticeable is that the " The party building and ideological education in schools " pays more attention to this theme. The study analyzing CSSCI literatures on the topic of the ideological and political education in Chinese universities in the new era, suggests that the current literatures feature the annual publication trend, journal source distribution, author publication statistics, research institution constitution, and cooperative relationship network and so on. The topic of the research that focuses on ideological and political education in colleges and universities consists of the integration of the fine traditional Chinese culture into the ideological and political education, the education's network form in the new media era, the education for major events, the construction of teaching staff and curriculum, and the quality evaluation. Based on the current research, the consciousness of "rule by law" should be established and the "Chinese characteristics" of ideological and political education should be enhanced in the future. As the process of the new era continues to advance, ideological and political education in colleges and universities is also facing new tasks, new work requirements and new development situation, which is bound to require that ideological and political education research work can be coordinated and advance with it. Therefore, it is urgent to promote the consciousness of "Chinese nation community" by deepening the research object and content, breaking the research barrier and enriching the research theories and methods.

China’s rising prominence forced the Trump administration to seek to limit the former in earnest. Subsequently, when the Biden administration came into power, it announced full-fledged checks on China through international cooperation. During high-level talks in March 2021, the United States (U.S.) and China came into diplomatic conflict, and the international situation would develop around both countries in the future. In East Asia, where both countries clash in diverse ways in attempts to secure an advantageous position over competitors, it has become important to establish regional relationships and diplomatic order. While the U.S. is setting up camps through military alliances and multilateral designs, China’s policy is to coerce its peripheral countries. The U.S. and China clashed diplomatically, and the so-called Western and non-Western confrontations continued due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, which led to a discourse whether it is a new Cold War. However, it is too early to predict because it is not a new Cold War.

In this paper, we analyze the asymmetric volatility spillover effect in the Korean stock exchange(KSE) and five major stock markets in Greater China(SHA, SHE, TPE, HSI, STI). We measure the volatility spillover effect between indices using the asymmetric volatility spillover effect using the method of Baruník, Kočenda, and Vácha(2016). The main research results are summarized as follows. First, we find that RS- has the highest total volatility spillover effect. Second, we find that SHA, KSE, and SHA are the leading indexes, and among them, SHA was found to play the most leading role. On the other hand, we confirm that TPE and STI are dependent markets. We find that HSI is the dominant index in RS+ and RS-. Third, as a result of considering the sub-period, we find that KSE and SHA lead consistently and that TPE and STI are dependent indices. Fourth, we can identify the linkage of financial markets through network analysis. it was possible to more clearly distinguish between the information sender and the information receiver and to understand the characteristics of the network. Fifth, we find that asymmetry exists in the volatility transfer effect of the stock market and that the COVID-19 outbreak increases the asymmetry of the stock market. And we find that SHE, SHA, and TPE have a stronger negative volatility spillover effect and that the volatility caused by bad information is expanded due to the COVID-19 outbreak, whereas KSE and HSI have a stronger positive volatility spillover effect. In this study, we confirmed the link between our Greater China stock market and the Korean stock market, and we provide direct evidence that the COVID-19 outbreak has increased the volatility transfer effect. And we find that KSE and SHA play a leading role in information transfer in the stock market regardless of period. In particular, KSE is the most important information communicator during the COVID-19 outbreak. Through the empirical analysis results, we can understand the interrelationship between the Korean and Greater China stock markets and provide new information to portfolio managers considering international diversification and hedging strategies. It can also be seen as having important implications for policymakers for the stability of the financial system.

Under the Biden Administration, new Cold War discourses equal to ‘China bashing’ and strategic containment of China by the U.S. have intensified. Accordingly, China’s offensive rhetoric against the U.S. and the formation of its own camps confronting the country has been also fierce and active. In the middle of the escalating rivalry between the U.S. and China came the invasion of Ukraine by Russia, a key strategic partner of China vis-à-vis the U.S. Against this backdrop, it is easy to assume that China would be hardly hesitant to support Russia and consequently the bilateral relationship between the U.S. and China will sour greatly. However, this article argues that China will be quite cautious in helping Russia and its wartime policy toward the country and the U.S. will be also conservative in general. In strategic terms, though it is true that the last thing China wants is a Russian decline due to the war or ultimate failure of the war, it has to consider strategic losses, i.e., the backlash from each of the U.S. and Europe and the mutual consolidation of the two induced by its assistance of Russia. Economically, China’s dependence on the U.S. in trade is far bigger than its reliance on Russia. Notably, it still needs U.S. soybean and wheat for its ‘food security’ when it wants Russian fossil fuels including oil, natural gas, and coal. On top of that, it is not yet independent of U.S. advanced technological design, parts, and equipment. Politically, judging by surveys, it could be argued that the Chinese people are strongly pro-Russian at this moment and the leadership will heed and reflect their voices for its own legitimacy and power retention. However, the people’s policy preference for Russia is not so much moral support or weapon provision as negotiation to end the conflict. Overall, considering the above, the Ukraine crisis will not prompt China’s sharp change of its diplomatic course for Russia and thus for the U.S. either; in this sense, the contention that the crisis will accelerate a new Cold War or consolidation of the blocs supporting the U.S. or China lacks grounds.