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In recent years, the Chinese market has entered a new opening up era. In the background of financial deepening and liberalization, financial innovation is a new profit growth point for financial institutions. As the capitalization-weighted stock market index, which is designed to replicate the performance of top 300 stocks traded in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges, CSI 300 Index will also become the standard product or reference for more financial multiple derivatives. The existing research on the anti-manipulation and stability of CSI 300 index mainly focuses on the influence of the stock weight on the index, which often ignores the impact of the weight share price change on the stock index. In actual transactions, it is easier to exert influence on the index by manipulating the prices of the heavyweight. Therefore, it is important to study the correlation between the index and weight stocks, especially tail dependence. This paper uses the Copula function instead of a simple linear correlation function because there is no specific hypothesis on the distribution state of the data sequence when describing the relationship between two financial variables. It is a good solution to the problem that the relevance of financial variables cannot be depicted by the general linear functions in excessive volatility period. After comparing different forms of the Copula function, this paper selects the t-Copula function as the research tool and constructs the tail correlation measure. Then, the stock price time series sample is selected from the top ten weight shares of CSI 300 index from January 2015 to December 2016, including China Ping An (601318), China Merchants Bank (600036), CITIC Securities (601998), Minsheng Bank (600016) and Vanke A (000002). The AR (n) -XARCH model is used to deal with the autocorrelation and the ARCH effect of CSI 300 index and the time series of the daily returns of the five weight shares, whose resulting sequence is transformed by the probability integral. From the obtained correlation coefficient, it can see that the correlation between the CSI 300 index and the five weight stocks is relatively high. In view of this, this paper provides some suggestions:1) the weight share selection mechanism of the stock index should be optimized; 2) CSI 300 index should be strengthen supervised to reduce the manipulated volatility, which further promote the stable operation of the financial market.

During their sojourn in host countries, individuals who are studying abroad must encounter the culture shock, defined as a state of anxiety and frustration resulting from their immersion in a culture distinctly different from their own. After going through the culture shock, they can gradually adapt to the cultural and social environments in host countries, and even establish identification with host environments to a certain degree. When these individuals return to their own countries, they are still exposed to a new type of culture shock, which is termed reverse culture shock. The reverse culture shock, which refers to the difficulties returning individuals may face upon re-entering their own culture, is considered as the extension of these sojourners’ intercultural adjustment beyond their leaving of host countries. Returnees who are subject to reverse culture shock have to re-adapt to their home cultures. If the reverse culture shock lingers too long, it definitely will jeopardize returnees psychologically and functionally. Therefore, the negative impact of reverse culture shock cannot be underestimated or ignored. In this context, it is of great importance for relevant institutions to recognize the value of providing social support to returnees in a systematic way, and offering psychological intervention when necessary. By doing so, it is hoped to weaken the side effect of reverse culture shock on returnees. Since the implementation of the Reform and Opening-up Policy in the 1970s, China has witnessed the year-on-year increase in the number of people who study abroad. With the improvement of China’s national strength on the global stage, more and more Chinese people have chosen to return to China upon the completion of their study abroad. By the end of 2016, there have been nearly 2.7 million Chinese people who returned to China after finishing their studies abroad, occupying 82.23% of total number of people who study abroad. Among all types of returnees, short-term returnees’ reverse culture shock has not received adequate scholarly attention. For this reason, it is worthwhile to study Chinese short-term returnees’ reverse culture shock. In order to fill this gap, this paper conducted systematic analysis of short-term Chinese returnees’ reverse culture shock caused by their return to China. Factors which contribute to these returnees’ reverse culture shock were mapped out, including self-managing capability, communicative capability, personal traits, second language proficiency, age, length of sojourn, preparation to return, and cultural differences. Finally, practical suggestions on how to deal with reverse culture shock were offered.

China currently is under the second transformation from the reform and opening-up policy to a new model for economic growth as the China’s economy is reaching limits to growth. The Chinese government strives to build a sustainable economic structure that is based on productivity and domestic consumption unlike the growth pattern so far based on investment and export. It raises questions whether the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics can continue to work. Post-communist transformations have shown diverse pathways unlike initial predictions of the neo-classical economists as well as universalistic approaches within political science. The China’s marketization has clearly shown the case, building the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics. The Chinese characteristics are a consequential configuration reflecting the China’s historical legacies and particular conditions in politics and economy. Political logic to sustain the CPC rule has led the Chinese leadership to take the gradualism as well as a dual-track approach. Some theorists still criticize the dislocation between the vibrant market economy and the lagged governance structure. However, the paper contends that China is still under the ongoing process of transformation. Therefore, it may not be proper to explain the Chinese particularism with the typical western model of state-society relations. Simply employing the mainstream theories and concepts developed in the western discipline of economics and political science may not provide a proper explanation upon the working principles of Chinese market economy since it has reflected China’s own conditions in politics, society, and economy. In this context, the paper revisits the debates between Neo-liberalism and Historical institutionalism over the Chinese ways of marketization because it is related to theoretical debates on feasibility and viability of the China’s particularism in its marketization. The paper examines the theoretical debates upon the post-communist transformation in China. Elaborating on diverse pathways of post-communist transformations unlike the Neo-liberalists predictions and prescription, the paper argues that China’s institutional particularity has been evolving toward its own political and socio-economic system. It finally demonstrates that the China’s market economy should not be understood with the typical western model of state-society relationship. The gist of this study is to analyze the processes and mechanisms that have formed the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics.

Recently, marketing channel environments is moving away from offline mode, but it is approaching consumers without limit of time and place. It is also as well as doubles the size of offline and online operation at the same time. As the number of virtual stores increases, competition among companies as well is intensifying. Therefore, in the case of the retail industry concern with internet, customer satisfaction and trust should be important factors by strengthening customer relationship, so that companies based on internet can survive in a competitive environment. In the future, research on e-service quality, which can play an important role in establishing a positive attitude toward Chinese overseas online direct shopping malls and further improving their customer loyalty, will be significant. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between e-service quality factors(convenience/assurance/responsiveness/privacy), trust and customer satisfaction. In addition, we tried to verify the relationship between e-service quality, trust, and customer satisfaction. As a survey for this study, questionnaires were collected from online and questionnaires and direct questionnaires for internet shopping mall users from May 1 to August 22, 2017. Finally, 440 questionnaires were used as empirical data for the research hypothesis test. The results of analysis is summairzed as follows. First, research hypothesis H1 is a hypothesis for studying the relationship between e-service quality factors(convenience/assurance/responsiveness/privacy) and trust in internet shopping mall. The results showed that the four variables of e-service quality had a positive effect on the formation of trust. In other words, systematic information provision, rapid response, safe payment method, friendly response and problem solving ability increase trust. Second, research hypothesis H2 is a hypothesis for studying the four dimensions of e-service quality have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. This result showed that managers must continually improve site quality to increase customer satisfaction. Third, research hypothesis H3 is a hypothesis for studying the relationship between trust and customer satisfaction. The result showed that customer satisfaction is enhanced by delivering reliable services. Lastly, research hypotheses H4 and H5 are hypotheses for studying the relationship among the trust, customer satisfaction and e-loyalty on internet shopping malls. In the study, trust and customer satisfaction showed a positive effect on e- loyalty.

Turnover is on the rise among service employees in China; thus, there is increased pressure for scholars and practitioners to find new ways to reduce turnover despite decades of research. This study sought to further comprehend the psychological dynamics of employee turnover among Chinese service employees. Utilizing an empirical methodology, this research develops a new conceptual framework, and provides evidence for two behavioral theories: Social Cognitive Theory and Conservation of Resources Theory. The findings reveal consequential links between emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, job stress, job satisfaction and turnover intention. The results of this study also underline the importance of emotional intelligence for service employees in 21st Century China. This sample set is taken from a younger and more educated workforce that is likely representative of a new generation of service employees in China. Based on the behavioral theories used to develop the conceptual framework, this study also highlights the significance of psychology for improving service employee job satisfaction and reducing turnover and job stress. Considering the continuously changing environment in China, stress is likely to continue to be an important factor among Chinese service employees. This research emphasizes how emotional intelligence and self-efficacy play a part in reducing job stress and improving job satisfaction for service employees. According to this study increased emotional intelligence and self-efficacy can significantly reduce job stress and turnover intention; furthermore, job satisfaction is also increased by developing emotional intelligence and self-efficacy. Practical implications suggest that employers should carefully consider the emotional intelligence of their employees and accumulated job stress in order to reduce turnover rates. Training programs designed to improve emotional intelligence should prove to be priceless tools for managers of service employees, especially when they are interested in reducing turnover and job stress. Future research employing this framework and findings could provide a better comprehension of the persistent problem of employee turnover throughout the world. As globalization, climate change and economic development drive change throughout the world there is little doubt that employee turnover will continue to bedevil practitioners and scholars.

Recently, e-WOM has become more and more influential on consumers' choice of products due to the increase of online shopping. Electronic word of mouth has features such as tangibility, anonymity, and space-time, so that people can share their opinion about the product with others and affect a wide range of other consumers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference of consumers' purchase intention according to message sidedness of e-WOM, the expertise and tie strength of the sender, and to examine the interaction between recipient's regulatory focus and product involvement level of consumers, and to provide theoretical and practical implications. Nine hypotheses based on the previous literatures have been deduced in this study. To verify these hypotheses, an experiment are conducted through 2(two-sided message/one-sided message) x 2(strong/weak tie strength) x 2(high/low product involvement) x 2(high/low expertise of sender). The questionnaire is a scenario-based approach. Respondents contained 480 samples of consumers at all levels including close friends and relatives in China. The operation verification was conducted to examine whether the grouping of the message sidedness of e-WOM, expertise of sender, tie strength, regulatory focus and product involvement was suitable for the study. And the hypotheses were verified through ANOVA analysis. The results revealed that two－sided messages, high expertise of sender and strong tie strength had more positive effects on purchase intention. And the interaction effects of regulatory focus and product involvement were partly significant. This study has theoretical implications in that it extends the scope of e-WOM research by categorizing the characteristics of message sidedness, expertise of sender, tie strength, which are not covered in the previous research. In addition, while existing studies only focus on one-sided messages such as positive or negative information of WOM, this study suggests efficient uses of two-sided messages on a firm's product or service. Thus this study will be useful for practitioners who want to build successful strategies on online promotion.

In the field of organizational behavior research domain, there is little previous studies concerns about the perceived external prestige and organization based self-esteem. In this research, we focus on whether the perceived external prestige has the positive effect to the affective commitment and organizational citizenship behavior or not. And whether the organization based self-esteem moderates the relationship between the perceived external prestige and affective commitment or not. The data was collected from a questionnaire-based survey of six companies located in the Beijing, Tianjin city from August to September 2017. The questionnaire-based survey consisted mainly of structured questions; we received 182 effective responds and used SPSS, AMOS to analysis the correlation of this data. The results of this research reveals that: Firstly, perceived external prestige has a positive significant relationship to affective commitment. Secondly, affective commitment also positively relates to organizational citizenship behavior. Thirdly, affective commitment mediates the relationship between the perceived external prestige and organizational citizenship behavior. Fourthly, organization based self-esteem moderates the relationship between the perceived external prestige and affective commitment. Finally, some suggestion to improve the level of perceived external prestige and organization based self-esteem for employees should be considered. Based on the research result, we may know that the high level of organization based self-esteem, the employees’ affective commitment will become strong. Since today’s most organizational behavior research focused on the inside organization not the outside, for example: the leadership style, the organization justice and so on. Based on the social exchange theory, the perceived of the outside factors also have a significant influence on the development of the organization and the motivation of employees. This research also explores the relationship between perceived external prestige and organization based self-esteem can be a contribution to the supplement for the literature. And some practical measures should be taken by the organization to protect the external prestige image and improve the ability of public relationship to deal with the unexpected emergency.

Marriage is not only the basic organizational unit of human beings, but also the ability to unite the bonds of human society. No form of marriage is accidental, nor can it exist outside of society. Married peoples across the globe also have their own unique culture and backgrounds. The various forms of interracial marriage originated in the process of various cultural factors throughout the course of each history. Any common practice that marriage can manifest in every society surely has certain advantages. The marriage between the clans of marriages has played a vital role in maintaining the upkeep and retention of social groups. Marriage is reflected in the social sense and the spirit of society, and it is bound to affect the mood and mood of the society. The regime in Wei-Jin Dynasties and Southern and Northern Dynasties changed frequently in the history of China. Social unrest is pregnant with mind emancipation, cultural prosperity and national integration. In the feudal society, the concept of nobles superiority is rooted in people's minds. Marriage concept and marriage life changed quietly. Nobles marriage becomes the mainstream form of marriage in Wei-Jin Dynasties. Concept of marriage for nobles has also been influenced by the open social atmosphere, which is embodied in the marriage option, family status, and marital life and so on. The author mainly discusses the marriage concept and state in Wei-Jin Dynasties from the perspective of nobles. The main part focuses on marriage concept of nobles in Wei-Jin Dynasties. In this period, nobles and social status improved significantly. Marriage life is an important part of human society. In this period Wei-Jin Dynasties because of their special economic and political positions and in order to maintain their noble status and linage, the nobles attached great importance to family status when choosing a spouse. However as tie went by this attitude towards marriage which at first was reasonable to some extent appeared to be disadvantageous and detrimental to the nobles and accelerated their decline.

Wolf Warrior 2 is a 2017 Chinese main melody Film directedby starring action star Wu Jing, who also starred in the lead role. Now it is China’s top grossing film and the 54th highest grossing film world wide. With a total domestic gross of CN¥5.68billion(USD$874million), the film having exceeded North America's totals from Avatar , Titanic and Jurassic World, become the second highest-grossing film of all-time in a single market only behind Star Wars: The ,Force Awakens . The film is a sequel to 2015's Wolf Warrior which tells a story of a loose cannon Chinese s oldier named Leng Feng who adventures journey to rescue com patriot s and local friends in a war-torn region of Africa occupied by insurgents and mercenaries. In 1987, China first proposed the concept of “main melody film”. The conference pointed out that “The realistic themes reflecting the spirit of the era and the revolutionary historical themes that express the splendid achievements of the party and army are the main melody works, which should carry forward the national spirit. Government must take effective measures to prosper these two theme films”. China's main melody film has formed its own unique narrative system and operating mechanism and has always been the subject of Chinese film research. as an important means of mainstream ideology and values, the main melody films have been responsible for the communication of socialized ideology and the national image. At the same time, it also needs to have artistic aesthetics. Wolf Warrior 2 received general praise for its patriotic plot, special effects, action sequences and the cast's performances, also received high praise from China's state-owned and military-affiliated media. It becomes a valuable research topics and cultural phenomenon because it has enabled western countries to recognize the type and characteristics of Chinese main melody film. Therefore, this article will analyze the cultural characteristics and artistic expression of Wolf Warrior 2 based on the text analysis and visual language theory, combined with film expression methods such as story, narrative techniques, photographing techniques and CG effect to evident how it combines the narrative modes of Hollywood-type movies with Chinese local themes to conveys the current mainstream values of China in the combination of disasters, wars, and kung Fu.

China’s economic growth has been slowing down since 2008. The Middle income trap concept is getting an increasing attention in the context of China. China pursed a similar development strategy to Korea focusing on increase in capital accumulation and labor. The effect of this strategy has weakened in recent years. The middle income trap is referred to the phenomenon that the economic growth of developing countries is to slow down at around the middle income level. GDP of China is expected to reach $10,000 in 2018 which is classified as Middle Income by World Bank Classification. As another alternative to explain the growth slowdown of China in terms of Middle Income Trap, the theory of growth convergence was tested by comparing to development of Korea. The hypothesis is that the multiple growth convergence lines exist, therefore, the middle-income steady state can be arrived at through a gradual slowdown. The existence of different convergence path was tested using the data from Penn World Tables from 1995 to 2015. As for a proxy for steady state income level, the value of GDP per Capita PPP for the year t as compared to value of the GDP per Capita of the United State for the same year were calculated. The convergence hypothesis can be demonstrated as a negative correlation between the average rate of GDP growth per capita for the period and the level of GDP per capita at the beginning of the period. The results show that Korea made a jump to the high income convergence path, whereas China is at the inflection point where it could fall into the middle income trap or make a jump to the higher convergence line. From this points of development, only the endogenous factors such as human capital, innovation, R & D investment and elimination of corruption will be the ultimate drive for the sustainable growth. The economic structure transformation and enhancement of the total factor productivity are important factors in order to cross the line.

The academic community generally believes that there are 39 finals in modern Chinese, including 10 monophthong vowels, 13 diphtong vowels, and 16 nasal vowels. The monophthong vowels are divided into seven dorsal vowels (a[A], o[o], e[ɤ], ê[ε], i[i], u[u], ü[y]) and 3 apical vowels (-i [ɿ], -i [ʅ], er [ɐɹ]). In the process of Chinese teaching, we found that there are some problems in Chinese vowels studied by scholars. Firstly, is there monophthong vowel ê[ε] in Chinese? ê[ε] does not combine with consonants, but only with four tones to form different syllables. In addition, the syllables formed by ê[ε] are also used only for the interjection “欸”, and these pronunciations have the same sound [ei]. Therefore, we believe that there is no monophonic vowel ê[ε] in the modern Chinese phonetic system. Secondly, is there monophthong vowel o[o] in Chinese? The o[o] of modern Chinese is not combined with initials. Only a few Zero initials are read o[o] vowels, these words are interjections, such as 喔, 噢, 嚄, 嚄, etc. They generally have another sounds. Therefore, we believe that there is no monophthong vowel o[o] in the modern Chinese phonetic system. Thirdly, is er a monophthong vowel? It appears changing tongue and lip when pronunciating er, so er is not a monophthong vowel. We think that its syllable value should be [ɐɹ]. [ɐɹ] is the combination of the central vowel [ɐ] and the approximant [ɹ]. Approximant [ɹ] makes us to pronunciate a central vowel [ɐ] followed by a rolling tongue action, but the active articulator of the pronunciation did not touch the passive articulator. Fourthly, ong is unrounded articulation or rounded articulation? We believe that the syllable value of ong is [uŋ], which is a combination of the nuclear vowel [u] and the coda [ŋ]. Therefore, ong[uŋ] is the rounded articulation, not the unrounded articulation. Fifthly, iong belongs to any kind of four articulations. The syllable value of iong should be recorded as [yŋ], which is a combination of the nuclear vowel [y] and the coda [ŋ]. Iong[yŋ] is the articulation with [y] as medial or main vowel.

The otaku culture, which developed in Japanese animation culture has over 20 years of history. Due to rapid extension of otaku culture, many sociologists have been studied otaku culture and even psychologists started to research this culture. In 1979, the first Japanese anime magazine <OUT> came out and through this magazine Japanese otaku started to communicate each other and exchange their informations. These kinds of anime magazine became platform of communication for otaku in 80’s. This culture was developed with economic boom era in Japan. The otaku originally started as the consumer group for public music and fashion. Japanese people accept the otaku as new modern culture and the market value of otaku culture was getting higher. The market of otaku culture grew to 670M Yen in 2010. After Japanese animation movies were introduced to other world, we can see the similar cultures formed in foreign countries. The otaku culture merged into Chinese sub culture and the Chinese otaku culture has it’s own characteristics comparing to Japanese one due to history and cultural differences between two countries. Chinese otaku is bias to online game culture. Chinese otaku has more game consumer power then the other country’s otaku. In modern china, online game industry has the biggest portion of market sharing in ACG(Anime, Comic and Game entertainment). Chinese otaku usually born in 80 to end of 90. Most of them are single child of their parent and beloved so much comparing to any other generation in China history. However, growing up without siblings, this generation has to overcome loneliness deep in their mind. China has big economic boom in 21 century and this generation was looking for new culture <otaku culture> which may heal their loneliness. The consumer power of otaku in Game industry is a real deal in China. Many otaku spent most of their incomes and free time to purchase ACG product. This behavior causes social issue in China nowadays. Otaku people tends to have communication disorder and separation from society. The study of otaku culture in China is still insufficient because the definition of Chinese otaku is still ambiguous. The influence of otaku culture on ACG industry is under estimated in China. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the otaku culture of China and Japan so that the otaku culture of China can be correctly recognized by the public through comparative study of otaku cultures between China and Japan.

The most prominent mission to provide a good quality of educational service is very important for every educational institutions in all over the world. The Chinese government also has set priority on education as a strategic competitiveness and various policies have been carried out so as to achieve educational modernization. As a result, there has been a remarkable progress in educational service quality. However, a number of problems still remained to be solved such as increasing financial outcome and extreme pressure put on the students since there are limited space in the best senior schools and universities. This study investigates whether students’ perceived educational service quality would enhance students’ loyalty intention towards the school through students’ satisfaction and commitment. The study adopts a structural equation modeling approach. Data were collected at five major middle schools in the city of Nanyang which is located in the Henan province of China. Findings of this study are generally in line with existing literature and the results are as follow. Students’ perceived service quality has a significant positive influence on students’ satisfaction but not on the student commitment and loyalty. But students’ satisfaction and commitment have a significant positive influence on loyalty. These results show that perceived service quality has a direct influence on students’ satisfaction, but commitment and loyalty is only mediated by satisfaction. In short, educational service quality itself brings about students’ satisfaction yet their commitment and loyalty require satisfaction as an antecedent. One of the major implications of this study is that those educational institutions that understand consumer-oriented principles may have a better chance of satisfying the wants and needs of their students more effectively and therefore may have achieved educational vision. In spite of a number of important findings, however, there are a number of limitations to be considered. Although the sample size is large enough to apply structural equation modeling, the data for this study was collected only in one city. Therefore, its representativeness is carefully analyzed and applied in effort to improve educational service quality Further implications for educational institutions and research directions are discussed.