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Multimodal teaching creates a vibrant and engaging learning environment for students by seamlessly integrating various sensory inputs such as vivid visual stimuli like colorful images, videos, and interactive graphics, along with rich auditory stimuli including clear spoken language, background music, and sound effects. Currently, there is a lack of multimodal teaching materials in international Chinese education classrooms, and AI-generated content offers a solution to this issue. We utilized text-to-image technology to randomly generate images based on textbook content, selecting six images at random for image quality verification based on the consistency between text and image, indicating that AIGC technology produces high-quality multimodal teaching resources. Based on the aforementioned detection, this paper proposes a framework for the application of text-to-image technology in teaching, which includes summarizing the prompt, image generation, and optimized editing. Based on this framework, we conducted practical applications of AIGC multimodal teaching resource generation. We selected 180 adult international students from diverse backgrounds and nationalities who were learning Chinese in China for the experiment. After the experiment, which included weekly assessments and interactive sessions, we meticulously analyzed the effectiveness of the teaching data. This analysis was complemented by in-depth interviews with participants, revealing that the innovative use of text-to-image technology significantly increased classroom attendance rates and question response rates. Vibrant visuals bridged language barriers, making complex concepts accessible and enhancing immersion in international Chinese education. This led to improved student engagement and academic performance. Based on the above theoretical and practical findings, this paper highlights the advantages of AIGC in promoting personalized learning, creating immersive learning environments, facilitating diverse learning methods, and providing high-quality learning resources in international Chinese education classrooms. However, it also points out potential issues such as information disorder, the transformation of teacher roles, legal and ethical concerns, and doubts about the reliability of technology. In consideration of the comprehensive analyses presented, this study meticulously offers a set of well-considered recommendations specifically tailored for the application of AIGC in various classroom activities. These activities are situated within the broader context of international Chinese education, a domain that is increasingly recognizing the potential of technological advancements. By integrating AIGC into classroom practices, the study aims to enhance the quality and effectiveness of teaching and learning experiences, thereby fostering deeper and more meaningful progress in the field of international Chinese education.

In the context of China's economy shifting to a high-quality development stage, how to promote the performance of manufacturing enterprises through new quality productive forces (NQPF) has become an important topic. Based on the multi-period panel data of listed companies in China's manufacturing industry, this paper uses the panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model to systematically explore the two-way interaction mechanism between new quality productive forces and enterprise performance (represented by TobinQ) from a dynamic perspective. The empirical results show that the study found that the new quality productive forces has a significant positive impact on enterprise performance, especially after controlling for individual differences and time factors of enterprises. At the same time, the research results also show that the PVAR dynamic panel model based on system GMM further reveals the temporal interaction mechanism between the two. The lagged term of Nqpf significantly positively affects TobinQ, indicating that the new quality productive forces has a continuous driving force on enterprise performance; while the lag of TobinQ has a negative feedback on Nqpf, indicating that the short-term improvement of enterprise performance may inhibit the investment in new quality productive forces, reflecting a certain reverse dynamic mechanism. This finding emphasizes the need to pay attention to the dynamic balance between enterprise input and output in policy making. The impulse response analysis shows that the TobinQ shock produces a positive response on the new quality productivity (Ngpf) from period 0 to period 1, but falls below zero and enters the negative range from period 1, remains negative for several periods, and finally returns to a stable level. This finding remains insufficiently statistically significant. The impact of Nqpf on TobinQ showed a significant positive impact in the previous periods. A positive shock to Nqpf will significantly increase TobinQ in periods 1–2, reach a peak in period 2, and then decline. Within a certain range, the improvement of New Quality Productive Forces will help improve corporate performance and have a certain incentive effect. The variance decomposition results show that TobinQ in the early stage is mainly explained by its own influence, but the explanation rate of NQPF in the 8th period reaches 11.8%, showing its long-term driving effect on the market performance of enterprises; and the change of NQPF is almost completely driven by itself, reflecting its exogenous characteristics. This study not only verifies the hysteresis and long-term impact of new quality productive forces on enterprise performance from an empirical level, but also reveals the interactive relationship between market and innovation. The research results provide theoretical support for manufacturing enterprises to formulate innovation strategies and optimize resource allocation, and also provide targeted suggestions for macro policy makers to promote high-quality development from the enterprise level in the process of China's modernization.

Economic policy uncertainty (EPU) has intensified markedly in China, reshaping corporate decision-making across investment, financing and disclosure domains. Against this backdrop, Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) disclosures have emerged as a strategic legitimacy device, yet the pathways through which EPU influences ESG transparency remain under-specified. This study examines whether green innovation mediates the EPU–ESG nexus and quantifies the magnitude of this indirect effect. Drawing on a comprehensive panel of Chinese A-share firms from 2010 to 2020, we merge ESG scores from China SynTao Green Finance STαR ESG Data Platform with manually validated green-patent records from the China National Intellectual Property Administration. EPU is captured via the Baker–Davis–Bloom index, interacted with industry-level policy-exposure weights to generate exogenous variation. Green innovation is measured along three dimensions: total green patent applications, authorized green invention patents and authorized green utility-model patents. A firm-fixed-effects mediation framework, augmented by instrumental-variable estimation, decomposes the total effect of EPU on ESG disclosure into direct and indirect components while controlling for firm size, leverage, profitability, board characteristics and year shocks. Four principal findings emerge. First, EPU exerts a significantly positive direct effect on ESG disclosure, indicating that firms counteract policy shocks by amplifying transparency to safeguard stakeholder trust. Second, green innovation—particularly high-quality green invention patents— acts as a statistically and economically meaningful partial mediator, transmitting approximately 15.35 % of the total EPU impact onto ESG scores. Third, large and highly leveraged firms exhibit disproportionately stronger sensitivity to EPU, adjusting ESG strategies more aggressively than smaller or low-debt counterparts. Fourth, robustness checks employing trade-policy uncertainty as a placebo shock, a pre-COVID subsample, alternative patent weighting schemes and causal-mediation bootstraps corroborate the stability and specificity of the mediation channel; non-green patents yield negligible mediation, underscoring the unique role of environmentally oriented innovation. The results highlight green innovation and ESG disclosure as complementary, co-adaptive strategies for managing policy uncertainty. Regulators are advised to foster innovation-friendly environments via targeted R&D subsidies, green-credit incentives and expedited patent-examination programs. Corporate managers should integrate explicit green-innovation roadmaps into ESG frameworks to translate technological capabilities into reputational resilience. By integrating macro-level policy shocks with micro-level sustainability behaviour, this study advances the literature on uncertainty and disclosure, offering actionable insights for scholars, policymakers and corporate boards in China and other emerging economies.

This study investigates the effectiveness and profitability of market-dependent momentum investment strategies in the Chinese stock market, focusing on A-shares listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. The primary aim is to evaluate whether this strategy, which adjust based on market trends, can outperform traditional momentum strategy and volatility-managed models under different market regimes. To achieve this, the study uses a long-term dataset from January 1999 to December 2024, drawn from the China Stock Market & Accounting Research (CSMAR) database. The traditional momentum strategy, based on Jegadeesh and Titman (1993), involves ranking stocks by past 11-month returns, constructing value-weighted winner and loser portfolios, and forming a Winner-Minus-Loser (WML) portfolio. Beyond the basic model, the study compares the performance of volatility-managed momentum strategies proposed by Barroso and Santa-Clara (2015) and Daniel and Moskowitz (2016), which scale exposures based on estimated volatility or expected returns. Also, we examine Wu et al.’s (2025) market-dependent momentum (MDM) strategy, which switches between WML and reverse WML portfolios depending on whether the market trend is up or down. The results are as follows. Firstly, we confirm that momentum effects are present and significant in the Chinese market, particularly during downturns. This trend is attributed to the conservative behavior of institutional investors, who favor recent outperformers in falling markets. Secondly, among all strategies, Daniel and Moskowitz’s (2016) dynamic model achieves the highest returns but suffers from increased transaction costs due to frequent rebalancing. Wu et al.’s MDM strategy, on the other hand, delivers comparable returns with fewer adjustments, making it a more practical option for investors. Finally, the study reveals that momentum profitability was stronger prior to the 2008 global financial crisis, when the market was more retail-investor-driven and prone to trend-based trading. This study makes several academic contributions. It extends momentum strategy validation to a key emerging market using long-horizon data. It highlights the role of market conditions in shaping strategy performance and presents evidence that simpler, market-adaptive approaches can be as effective as more complex models. These findings offer valuable insights for both academic researchers and practitioners interested in dynamic asset allocation in emerging markets.

Since the Beijing Tourism Society first introduced the concept of “tourism culture” in the 1990s, the interdependence between culture and tourism has become an established premise in China’s development strategy. The launch of the National Cultural Innovation Project in 2009 and the establishment of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2018 have further institutionalized the integration of cultural and tourism industries. As both cultural carriers and narrative media, film and television play a pivotal role in shaping local identity, disseminating cultural values, and stimulating tourism through symbolic representation. Drawing on Christian Metz’s theory of film narrative symbolism, this study investigates how narrative symbols—constructed through landscapes, language, characters, and cultural practices— mediate audience cognition, evoke emotional resonance, and transform intangible cultural meanings into tangible tourism resources. Using the Chinese television drama To the Wonder as a case study, the research analyzes how its ethnic and regional symbols are embedded within a cohesive narrative system that reinforces Altay’s cultural image and destination brand. Statistical data from Xinjiang’s tourism authorities show significant post-broadcast increases in visitor numbers and tourism revenue, underscoring the measurable economic impact of such symbolic constructions. Comparative cases, including Avatar and Blossoms, demonstrate that while tourism promotion often emerges as an unintended byproduct of narrative symbolism, its occurrence is grounded in an inherent semiotic logic that can be strategically leveraged. This paper addresses a gap in the literature by focusing on the symbolic mechanisms through which visual narratives contribute to tourism culture dissemination—an area often overlooked in existing research, which has primarily concentrated on destination imagery and tourist behavior. By combining literature review and case study methods, the findings provide theoretical insight into the structural coupling between cultural symbol reproduction and the enhancement of tourism space value, offering practical guidance for the coordinated development of visual media, cultural industries, and tourism. Ultimately, this study not only enriches the semiotic analysis of film-induced tourism but also offers a replicable framework for leveraging cultural narratives in regional branding and sustainable tourism development. The research further underscores the necessity of cross-sector collaboration among media producers, cultural policymakers, and tourism stakeholders to maximize the socio-economic potential of narrative symbolism.

Entrepreneurship plays a pivotal role in advancing agricultural modernization and rural revitalization. However, the mechanisms through which village cadres’ authority configurations stimulate entrepreneurial vitality remain underexplored. In the contemporary era, the interplay between traditional elite governance models and emerging new quality productive forces has given rise to the intricate authority characteristics of village cadres. Grounded in Weber’s Authority Theory, this study utilizes fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the relationship between village cadres’ authority configurations and rural entrepreneurial vitality. The research yields several key findings: First, a high degree of legal-rational authority is identified as a necessary condition for enhancing rural entrepreneurial vitality, while low traditional authority serves as a necessary condition for suppressing such vitality. Second, educational attainment (a core dimension of charismatic authority) consistently appears across all high-vitality configurations, demonstrating its pervasive role in fostering entrepreneurial vitality. Third, three distinct configurations of village cadres’ authority have been uncovered as drivers of high levels of entrepreneurial vitality: (1) the education-experience synergistically-driven model empowered by democratic election; (2) tripartite authority collaborative-driven model underpinned by democratic election; and (3) multi-dimensional factor coordinated-driven model dual-supported by democratic election and membership in Communist Party of China (CPC Membership). Notably, the prevalence of the holistic authority integration configuration highlights the importance of considering multi-dimensional and composite forms of authority when selecting village cadres. Finally, the study reveals two separate pathways driving non-high levels of entrepreneurial vitality: (1) legitimacy and resource integration dilemma underpinned by unidimensional experience, and (2) capabilities and resources shortcoming underpinned by singular advantage of inclusive openness. These pathways demonstrate an asymmetric relationship with the pathways associated with high entrepreneurial vitality. This paper constructs a multi-dimensional authority integration framework to elucidate the synergistic mechanisms of authority interactions, transcending the limitation of traditional research focusing on singular authority element. Furthermore, it introduces the fsQCA method into rural research, thereby expanding the analytical perspectives in rural revitalization research.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a major decision to implement the rural revitalization strategy. In 1998, the General Administration of Press and Publication together with the Ministry of Culture and Tourism proposed the implementation of the “2131 Project” for rural film screenings (now known as the “Rural Film Screening Project”). The report of the 20th National Congress emphasizes the necessity “to improve the basic public service system, enhance the level of public services, improve equity and accessibility, and vigorously promote common prosperity”. The rural revitalization strategy and the practice of rural film screening project are closely related to each other in terms of radiation range, implementing subjects, target subjects, and fundamental purposes. This article focuses on the practice of rural film screening under the background of rural revitalization, taking the field investigation of the rural film screening project practice in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province in China as a case, and thereby explores the theoretical context, realistic context, and future strategy context behind the practice of rural film screening in China from the perspective of rural revitalization through the analytical path of “value judgment - factual judgment - strategy judgment”. This aims to provide references for the implementation path of the rural film screening project and the practical model of its participation in rural revitalization. The study comprehensively uses methods such as field surveys, interviews, and questionnaires. The research findings are as follows. In terms of theoretical context, the Rural Film Screening Project reflects a unique public nature, serving as the “eyes, ears, mouthpiece” of the Party and safeguarding public interests. Due to its borderland and ethnic characteristics, Yanbian Prefecture has local effectiveness expectations for the project, including strengthening cultural exchanges and promoting borderland development. In the realistic context, the film company in Yanbian Prefecture completes a large number of screenings and dubbing tasks annually, and relevant subjects have formed a collaborative relationship in the screening process. However, problems such as the need to expand film genres, upgrade screening venues and equipment, and improve self-sustaining capabilities and projectionists’ treatment still exist. In the strategic context, the Rural Film Screening Project should be systematically linked to rural revitalization, serving as a medium and main body to promote rural revitalization. In the future, strategies such as technological optimization, subject collaboration, and resource integration can be adopted to enable it to play a greater role in rural revitalization.