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In this study, the fractional cointegration approach was implemented considering long memory of the relationship between petroleum price and China’s price. Considering information on the long-run stable relationship, the error correction model was used to analyze the short-run dynamics. The frequency domain Granger causality analysis was performed to identify the sequence of variables. As a result, we can confirm the cointegration relation between the oil price and the China’s price. In general, cost side factors such as oil prices are known to have a short-run impact on prices, but the long-term relationship between oil prices and prices has been proved by the discovery of long-term memory characteristics. This suggests that the existence of long-term memory between oil prices and prices offers considerable implications for analyzing China's price response to oil price fluctuations. The adjustment process can take a considerable amount of time when an imbalance occurs due to a temporary shock. The error correction model was estimated using information on the long-run equilibrium relationship between oil prices and prices. The adjustment process took about one year, and indirect evidence of long-run memory was found. In the error-correction model, oil price fluctuations are positively correlated with price fluctuations, but their effects are relatively small compared with the long-run equilibrium relationship. As a result of the Grange causality test in the frequency domain, it can be confirmed that the oil price has causality to the wholesale price index throughout the frequency, but the wholesale price index of China does not have causality to the oil price. This reflects reality. China is expanding its influence as a major consumer in the oil market, but prices are not enough to make a significant impact on crude oil prices. On the other hand, it can be seen that oil price is a useful parameter for predicting China's wholesale price index regardless of short and long term. To ease inflationary pressures on oil price shocks, Chinese authorities will need to eliminate unnecessary price regulation and improve market structure and price delivery systems. Market - friendly economic structures and flexible price mechanisms can cushion inflation by improving the adjustment mechanism for oil price shocks.

After the reform of the real estate in 1998, the real estate sector played an important role during the rapid growth of the Chinese economy. Currently, the Chinese real estate market is overheated due to massive private investment spikes and speculative factors, and it is expected to have a major impact on the sluggish economy in China. At present, the Chinese economy is in the imbalance of the gap between the rich and the poor, and this imbalance is occurring not only in personal income but also in the urban real estate market. Due to high housing prices and excessive construction, housing overcrowding has occurred in many cities, and the Chinese government is implementing policies to conserve housing inventory to stabilize the real estate market. This uneven development of China's real estate market is closely related to the real estate policies implemented by the central government and domestic and overseas economic conditions. The characteristics of the Chinese real estate market are very unstable in that they are not only high in prices but also highly volatile. Chinese government will need to improve the overheating of the real estate market and the imbalanced development of the region, which are currently faced by appropriate policies. Therefore, this paper outlines the real estate policies of the Chinese government since 1998 and suggests policy implications to cope with the problems of the real estate market facing major cities investigating the influence of GDP, GDP per capita, investment to the real estate market and completed area of the real estate related to real estate price in several main cities.

This work primarily presents the problems of the current transfer pricing system of China and operating procedures of tax management based on the transfer pricing system of the US and OECD advanced countries. We suggest that multinational corporations contribute to global economic development while tax avoidance causes tax loss of each taxation authority. Compared with the developed countries such as the US and Japan, the transfer pricing system of China has a lack of systematicity, complementarity of contents, norms and practical operation. So in our work, we suggested that: First, although multinational companies make a significant contribution to the global economic development, at the same time they can have a considerable negative impact on the development of the global market economy through tax avoidance, which causes the tangible tax loss to every tax authority. There are several ways of tax avoidance applied by multinational companies, among them the transfer pricing has been chosen as the main subject of the research since it is the most frequently used by multinational enterprises; Second, the transfer pricing taxation system in China is mainly compiled basing on OECD transfer pricing guideline, but compared with US, Japan, and others systems, while consistency, complementarity of information, norms and practical operations and other various aspects are still can be seen insufficient. So, not only the respective contextual improvement ways but also the reasonable ways for improvement of management of transfer prices taxation system are proposed. Third, we suggested that there is a need to improve the complementarity and normality of contents such as supplementing the regulations of the transfer pricing system and ensuring its effectiveness and supplementing the pre-agreement system. However, it can be pointed out that there may be a difficulty in whether the improvement suggested by the results of this study can be practically carried out.

The controversy whether the expression “weixiao de shuo (say with a smile)” is a kind of misapplication elicits another issue about the collocation of Chinese disyllable verbs with the particle “地” used as adverbials. It is generally accepted that “psycho-verbs” and some “behavioral verbs” can be combined with the particle “地” to function as adverbials. So the author starts from analyzing such class of verbs combining “地” to become adverbials. The author suggests that the semantic feature of the collocation of “V1地V2” is that semantically V2 must entail V1, in which V2 are verbs expressing “say”, or “look at” or other body actions. The findings suggest that verbs such as “smile”, “acclaim” and “crawl” can exist only in the form of action, but they cannot express the meaning of latency. Thus, the application of “V1地V2” of these verbs can be taken as “ill collocation”. Besides psycho-verbs and behavioral verbs, there are other verbs which can be combined with “地” to act as adverbials. It is observed that the occurrence of the construction “V1地V2” construed by those verbs is rather low in general. By the contrast, the construction “V1V2” with a drop of the particle “地” or the construction “V1着V2” with “着” substituting “地” occur quite frequently. The conclusion is that users tend to abandon the high-frequency “V1V2” and “V1着V2” constructions and instead insert compulsively a particle “地” to form the construction “V1地V2” just because they are deeply influenced by the fact the unique grammatical function of the particle “地” is to “mark the constituents preceding it the status of adverbial”, in other words, the use of “地” is to “protrude V1 as adverbial”. However, it is far from neglected that the insertion of “地” inevitably results in “awkwardness of language sense”. Whether the collocation of “V1地V2” of some verbs is appropriate or not is verb-specific. We should first take into consideration whether the combination of a specific verb with “地” conforms the internal semantic relation of “V1V2” or “V1着V2”. We should also consider the general habits of acceptance. This needs further observation and analysis. In order to ensure the standardization of a language and its healthy development, the author claims that the random insertion of the particle “地” should be avoided, given the construction “V1V2” or “V1着V2” has sufficient and perfect semantic projection.

This paper analyzes the status and characteristics of financial sector in Korea-China-Japan in order to suggest a development strategy and policy implications towards the realization of the Regional Common Market. The financial sector between Korea-China-Japan has steadily increased, and Korea's role in economic and financial intra-cooperation has been growing. Intra-trade of three counties in financial export is increased from 937 million dollars in 2000 to 1,939 in 2012, especially Korea’s is increased from 154 million dollars in 2000 to 601 in 2012. If the ongoing institutional cooperation plans are completed and agreements already concluded are activated, east Asian financial market will be able to expand their mutual exchange and ultimately achieve regional financial integration. The financial market of the three countries has been rapidly expanding and the various institutional improvement and changes are also appearing distinctly. In compared with world total amount for financial sector is 937,618 million dollars in 2016, amount of the three countries is 77,952 million dollars. The three countries is 8.3% of world financial sector, and is big part of world’s. In particular, the financial market of China is rapidly changing in scale, variety of transaction and institutional contents. If the regional common market is realized, the three countries have enormous potential to their economic development. However, the financial cooperation between Korea-China-Japan has not been expand successfully because of the political and economic conflicts between the three countries. Therefore, continuous cooperation is required through the establishment of a financial cooperation institute, so that the financial authorities of the three countries can discuss and advance cooperation issues together. For the take-off of the financial cooperation between Korea-China-Japan and the establishment of the regional common market, it is necessary to actively review some policy tasks. East Asian three countries need to strengthen their efforts for the early agreement of the Korea-China-Japan FTA and the regional financial cooperation. And they need to develop the inter-disciplinary common research on various aspects. In keeping these efforts, Busan needs to establish an active and progressive developmental strategy that can leap to a successful financial hub. For this Busan need to creative a concrete and visual performance.

Driven by the O2O e-commerce model combining online trade and offline experience, the catering industry has spawned a new form of consumer experience – take-out O2O, and the emergence of the O2O model has also contributed to the development of the catering industry. A model based on the User Satisfaction Index (ACSI) to analyze the user's willingness to sustain consumption, and conducts research on the online take-out platform under the O2O e-commerce model is established in this paper. The structural equation model is used as a research tool to construct the structural equation model with 7 latent variables which includes platform usability, platform easy to use, platform enjoyment, expectation perception, using perception, customer satisfaction, and continuance intention to analyzes the factors affecting user satisfaction and their willingness to continue consumption, and examines the role of user habits (Habit) in user expectations perception, consumption perception, and user satisfaction and willingness to sustain consumption. After confirmatory factor analysis of 518 valid questionnaires, the data combination reliability value (CR) and average variance extraction (AVE) both met the requirements while the combination reliability and convergence validity are in high level. The results demonstrated the user's expectation perception and consumption perception respectively are positively effect by ease of use, platform practicability and platform enjoyment of O2O online take-out platform; user expectation perception and consumption perception have shown significant positive impact on user satisfaction and continuous consumption willingness respectively, while users expect perception and consumption perception have a significant positive impact on consumer willingness through user satisfaction. At the same time, when it turns to users’ habits a significant negative adjustment has been shown among expectation and willingness to consume, consumption perception and willingness to continue consumption, and user satisfaction and willingness to sustain consumption. During the construction of the O2O online take-out platform, the platform can optimize the use of the take-out platform, actively handle user evaluations and complaints, create a function to quickly search and check user order information, and actively save the user's ordering time. And to provide an affordable, quality-guaranteed dish can effectively enhance the user's perception of consumption.

Since 2010, China has promulgated many instruments on improving the quality of education and emphasizing the importance of ethnic minority rural teachers. Great changes about left-behind children, teacher ability training course and teacher development have taken place in Minority areas of Hunan Province. The aim of this study is to confirm whether there are significant differences of teacher`s burnout, social support, and career commitment on the dimension of gender, teachers in charge of class or not, teaching experiences; then investigate the relationship among career commitment, social support, and teacher burnout of 329 compulsory education rural teachers in China Minority District of Hunan Province. To achieve the aim of this study, we used Descriptive Statistics, T-Test, One-way ANOVA, Correlation Analysis, and Step Regression Analysis with SPSS 22.0 for Windows. The findings of this study reveal that 1) There was significant difference on the dimension of gender that male teachers not only experienced higher burnout than female teachers, but also felt more job skepticism than female teachers; 2) Teacher burnout, depersonalization, physical& emotional burnout, and job skepticism, objective support, teacher career commitment had significant differences in the dimensions of teaching experience; 3) Social support had no relationship with teacher burnout and teacher career commitment; 4) There was a negative correlation between teacher career commitment and teacher burnout. Teacher career commitment is the predictor of teacher burnout. Based on these findings, the conclusions and propositions were listed as follows: 1) It is necessary to enlarge survey sample to examine the relationship between social support, teacher burnout, and teacher career commitment; 2) When a burnout coping project is being developed, it is good to consider the differences in teacher burnout between rural male and female teachers; 3) For the burnout level of teachers who had 11~15 years of teaching experience was highest, it is necessary to develop teacher burnout intervention project for teachers who had 11~15 years of teaching experience as soon as possible; 4) In order to improve teachers' ability to cope with burnout, it is necessary to increase efforts to improve teachers' career commitment level.

This study analyzes the factors affecting exports of Korea and China through the spatial metric model focusing on foreign direct investment and free trade agreements. In an analysis of the entire country, both Korea and China have shown a spatial effect. In the case of foreign direct investment, Korea has a positive impact on exports, but China seems to have had a negative impact. Korea has strong export characteristics for local production, but China is expected to replace exports. Korea has a positive spatial effect in the Asia-Pacific, the Middle East and Africa. However, it has been analyzed that there is a negative spatial effect in Europe. Foreign direct investment and free trade agreements seem to have a positive impact on exports, except in Europe. China has a spatial effect in most areas. Foreign direct investment in the Asia-Pacific region and the Middle East has a negative impact on exports. For OECD and developing countries, Korea appears to have a spatial effect in emerging economies and China in OECD countries. In Korea, foreign direct investment has a positive effect on exports in developing countries. China has a positive effect of foreign direct investment in OECD countries, but it is analyzed that foreign direct investment has a negative effect in developing countries. The implications of this study are as follows. First, it is important for Korea to utilize foreign direct investment strategy as a way to increase exports. In particular, it is necessary to build a foreign direct investment strategy targeting Asian countries using the new and southern policies. Second, it is necessary to expand free trade agreements to lower trade barriers and to systematically manage them. It is necessary to strategically manage free trade agreements in the flow of protection trade. Third, we need a strategy to diversify exports in preparation for the Post China era. It is necessary to establish a strategy to diversify exports by maintaining close relations with India and Southeast Asian countries in preparation for the trade war of major economies such as USA, China and EU.

Along with the increasing of the economic development, the cultural industry plays an important role in the regional economic development. Many previous researches point out the impact of the cultural industry to the regional economic development. Most of the research consider the supply side, mainly think over the added value or employee of the cultural industry. Although the supply side research have certain meaning, but we think that the impact of the cultural industry to the regional economic development need to consider the demand side. The value of goods and services of the cultural industry have some characteristics, it is composed of the effective value and the intrinsic value. Along with the increasement of the demand, the effective value also is increased. And then we consider the demand side as the cultural consumption. Cultural consumption not only pushes the development of cultural industry but also the growth of regional economy. Based on the panel data of 31 regions in China from 2002 to 2015, this paper mainly analyzes the influence of cultural consumption on the regional economic development by combining the basic form of production function model with the panel model of influences factors. The result shows that there is a positive correlation between cultural consumption and regional economic development, means that the increasing of cultural consumption can promotes the regional economic development. From the four regions results, the eastern region, the middle region and the western region all have positive significance, compare with the coefficient, the western region is the most influential region. And this paper also finds that there are significance the relation between the regional economic development level and the cultural consumption.

The share of Korean products in the Chinese market has declined since 2016, with the Samsung mobile and Hyundai motor having lost more than 60% of their share than the apex by the end of 2017. Meanwhile, the same is true for the household appliances, cosmetics and food. The reasons for the weakness of Korean products in the Chinese market include the competition of others brands, pricing strategy mistakes and the Chinese media's Biased reports on Korean products and South Korea. According to some symbolic events, there are two types of rumors that affect Korean brands in the Chinese market: one is directly related to the product, the other is unrelated to the product. Therefore, to analyze the market problems of Korean products in China, it is necessary to explore the intrinsic mechanism of market rumors affecting Chinese consumers' judgment of the value of Korean products from the perspective of Chinese consumers This study starting with the sensitivity of consumers to market rumors which based on the theoretical model of perceived value discusses the rumor sensitivity of Chinese consumers, under the rumor environment and its impact on evaluating the value of Korean products. The analysis of 5 consumers' interviews and 399 effective questionnaires revealed that 72.3% of Chinese consumers showed high rumor sensitivity tendency. Through regression analysis, intermediary effect and adjustment effect analysis, we get the following three conclusions: (1) Chinese consumers will be more likely to evaluate the quality of products from the inherent attributes of the products, and the labeling of origin is being weakened. (2) Chinese consumers are more inclined to choose products with high cost performance ratio, so they no longer think that the high price of Korean products represents high quality. (3) When Chinese consumers evaluate Korean products, market rumors directly affect the subjective quality perception of Chinese consumers. Accordingly, this study suggests that the key of Korean products is to win the Chinese consumers’ approval of the objective attributes of Korean products by the way of enhancing the product force. On this basis, we can take the subsidiary of Korean company in China as the main body that develop the local brands with different pricing strategy in order to eliminate the problem of the decline of market share caused by rumors that about Korean.