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Young Chinese writer Shuang Xuetao is famous for his writing about the traumatic experiences of the people in Northeast China in the 1990s. However, in his short story Assassination of a Novelist, he abandons his distinctive regional characteristics of the vivid depiction of Northeast China and turns to exhibit a broader view of Chinese society. There are two narrative worlds in this story, the reality world and the fiction world. These two worlds influence each other, implying the dynamic relationship of literature and life. The story is about a confused father who loses his child and takes on the task of assassinating a novelist for money. During his task, he finds great similarity between the novelist and himself. He also finds that the novelist’s story has an impact on the reality. Due to the influence of the novelist’s fiction story and his empathy for the novelist, he awakens himself and gives up the assassination. This paper argues that in Assassination of a Novelist, Shuang Xuetao expands his creative vision and shows a broader and more accurate representation of the dilemmas in modern Chinese society. Firstly, by examining the writer’s creative view, the text’s narrative strategy, and the intertextuality of literary works, this paper points out that Shuang Xuetao uses anti-imitation narrative to blur the boundary between reality and fiction and achieves the ultimate presentation of and reflection on the social reality. Secondly, this paper reveals the novel’s presentation of modern Chinese society, highlights the writer’s observation on the social problem of child abduction and trafficking, his criticism of money worship, and his concern about the moral degradation caused by the value of money worship. Traditionally, Chinese people used to hope for chivalry salvation and religious enlightenment to help them solve the problems in daily lives. However, Shuang Xuetao points out the ineffectiveness of both approaches, and he declares that these traditional methods cannot solve the social problems in modern Chinese society. Thus, the paper argues that Shuang Xuetao emphasizes the importance of literary enlightenment and emotional support to solve these problems in contemporary Chinese society. On the one hand, he points out that literature can enlighten human spirit and make the public realize that money is not the ultimate pursuit of life, thus getting rid of the value of money worship. On the other hand, he stresses that emotional support can help people face the frustrations and hardships of modern life. Love for families enables people to confirm their own existence value, and empathy for strangers helps people establish the harmonious interpersonal relationships. With the support of family and mutual trust in society, Shuang Xuetao believes people can support each other in difficulties and hope for a better future.

This article discusses the tolerance of Hu Shih’s during in his time in Taiwan in the following two aspects. First, tolerance is an important concept that encompasses Hu’s entire life with freedom. While the individualism and liberalism that characterize Hu’s thought are ideas and perspectives that were formed in the context of Hu’s study in the United States, tolerance is distinctly different in that it is an attitude and attitude that was naturally acquired through Hu’s childhood experiences and the influence of his family background. I argue that it was the theoretical basis for Hu’s liberalism and a means of resistance against the oppression of freedom and political intolerance. Although tolerance was not as prominent as Hu’s liberalism, it was an important foundation for his liberal views and political beliefs. Second, “Tolerance and Freedom” is a critical essay Hu wrote in 1959, it was published in the Free China Journal自由中國半月刊 which Hu serves as editor. Most important is the fact that it is a main text for understanding Hu’s actions and ideas during in his time in Taiwan. Hu formally stated his essay that tolerance is more important than freedom, and that we should have an attitude of benevolence and tolerance in his later years. Regardless of the East and the West, it is no exaggeration to say that the history of mankind is constant struggle for freedom. Hu did not abandon his longing for freedom and his belief in freedom in the repressive political environment of Taiwan, he insisted on mutual tolerance and respect without prejudice because tolerance can be regarded as a virtue, but its importance can vary depending on the relationship with freedom, so tolerance becomes even more important as freedom expands. On this basis, the tolerance of Hu was actually the political position of Hu, which states that tolerance is more important than freedom, and that right and wrong must be judged without any prejudice to reach true freedom. It would have been difficult for his tolerance to come through in 20th Century China, Taiwan was no exception which is his final destination in his life. Although tolerance proved to be an unsuccessful endpoint of Hu’s political thought, it is undeniable that tolerance at the interface of tolerance and freedom was the centerpiece of Hu’s political and ideological struggle for freedom. In short, the ethical virtue of “tolerance” was both a means of resisting power and a pillar of support for Hu’s liberalism in the political context of Taiwan under the dictator system the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT).

Rural innovation and entrepreneurship serve as crucial driving forces in revitalizing Chinese rural areas. In the context of the national rural revitalization strategy, rural e-commerce has created new ways for agricultural products' entry into cities, rural industry's development, and farmers' employment and entrepreneurship, effectively helping farmers achieve common prosperity. However, despite great progress, rural e-commerce is still facing a large market gap compared with the comprehensive needs of rural economic and social development. Furthermore, rural residents' entrepreneurial motivation to engage in e-commerce activities needs to be strengthened. To address the issues above, this study investigates the impact of two elements, i.e., entrepreneurship and financial literacy, on rural residents' entrepreneurial desire to launch e-commerce, while discussing the mechanisms of influence and adjustment. Based on the rooted theory and literature analysis, this study derives three core research hypotheses on which the questionnaire is designed by strictly following the relevant process. Using the multi-stage sampling method, this study conducted a field questionnaire survey in 192 selected e-commerce specialized villages in 10 cities in Zhejiang Province and collected 1,524 pieces of valid sample data, finding that: ① entrepreneurship can significantly boost rural residents' e-commerce entrepreneurial willingness; ② financial literacy plays a positive moderating role between entrepreneurship and rural residents' e-commerce entrepreneurial willingness; and ③ as shown in heterogeneity study, the lower a rural group's educational level, the greater the positive influence of entrepreneurship on their e-commerce entrepreneurial willingness. While providing an empirical enlightenment for improving rural residents' e-commerce entrepreneurial willingness and cultivating agricultural entrepreneurs from a micro perspective on rural residents, this study expects to ease the pressure in rural growth and boost the rural rehabilitation initiative of China.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought great challenges to the global economy. Strict measures to control the pandemic adopted by the Chinese government have largely affected foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in China. However, current research has ignored internal differences within China, especially differences in the level of institutional development. It has been widely recognized that the influence of the institutional environment on business activities of firms is important and the level of institutional development is directly related to the performance of firms. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic affected FDI inflows at the subnational level and whether institutional factors played a role in this process. We compiled a monthly data set on COVID-19 and FDI inflows in China at the provincial level from February 2020 to January 2022. The random effect model was adopted after conducting the Hausman test and then we performed the regression analysis in two steps. First, we used the pandemic data set to analyze impact of the pandemic on FDI inflows. Second, we classified 31 provinces into three groups according to the level of marketization. And then we tested how the pandemic affected the FDI inflows in three groups differently to explore the impact of institutional factors on foreign investor decision making in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results showed that cumulative cases in a province did not have a significant impact on FDI inflows. However, current active cases and new confirmed cases in the province negatively affected FDI inflows, indicating that overseas investors were more concerned about the current situation of COVID-19 in the province. Analysis results after dividing all provinces into three groups according to marketization index showed that COVID-19 had no significant impact on FDI inflows in provinces with low levels of institutional development (Group L), but had significant negative effects in provinces with medium and high levels of institutional development (Group M and Group H). Furthermore, the coefficient of COVID-19 in Group H was much lower than that in Group M, indicating that a high level of institutional development could reduce the negative impact of COVID-19. This study provides a deeper understanding of the preferences and characteristics of FDI in China by exploring impact patterns of COVID-19 on FDI in different regions with different levels of institutional development.

Genre films customize specific content and forms to meet the viewing demands of film audiences, aiming for stable film revenue. In the context of broad entertainment, genre films adhere to market principles and represent a commercialized film style that fosters the healthy development of the film industry. Action films, characterized by physicality and violent performances, attract audiences primarily through emotional stimulation during the viewing process. This article, within the framework of the "cognitive-perceptual" theory, in terms of narrative and audio-visual presentation, analyzes the emotional connection between action films and audiences, using 1970s Hong Kong action films as a case study. In the realm of action cinema, narrative complexity is often reduced to ensure that the action sequences become the focal point of the cinematic experience. This study argues that such simplification allows audiences to focus more deeply on the physicality and choreography of action scenes, which are the main appeal of these films. The visceral impact of these sequences is further augmented by strategic audio-visual cues, including fast-paced editing, close-up shots of action details, and rhythmic variations in scene composition. Hong Kong action films of the 1970s, exemplified by the works of Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan, demonstrate a mastery of action choreography that integrates martial arts, dance, and acrobatics. This not only showcases the physical capabilities of the actors but also significantly contributes to the aesthetic and emotional appeal of these films. The paper examines how these elements work in concert to engage viewers on a cognitive and perceptual level, resulting in a compelling filmic experience that prioritizes emotional resonance over narrative complexity. The findings suggest that action films are heavily influenced by their ability to meet audience expectations for thrill and excitement. As the results of this study, the typification and simplification of narrative in action films can focus the audience's attention on the action scenes. In the production of action films, emphasis is placed on enriching action design, standardizing action presentation, utilizing cinematographic language to highlight action details, and designing action rhythm, which enables audiences to immerse themselves more deeply in the film and achieve emotional resonance. This study contributes to the understanding of genre cinema as a commercialized yet artistically rich field, emphasizing the importance of emotional engagement in the development of the film industry.

In recent decades, China has undergone substantial social and economic transformations, profoundly influencing the dynamics of family and marriage. This evolving landscape is marked by notable shifts, including a decline in arranged marriages, changing gender roles, and a rise in individualism, underscoring a blending of traditional and modern influences on familial and marital structures. Given this increasingly complex web of factors on marital relationship, this study aims to address a pivotal question: How, and through what mechanism(s), do spousal factors, kinship factors, and parent-child relationship impact marital satisfaction in Chinese families? Drawing on data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this paper examines the mechanisms through which spousal, kinship, and children factors contribute to marital satisfaction. Findings reveal that spousal factors significantly impact marital satisfaction, with couple’s greater homogeneity, more commitment, and favorable objective family conditions correlating with higher satisfaction. Extended kinship factors exhibit some influence, particularly in the case of increased interactions correlating with lower marital satisfaction. Remarkably, children factors emerge as the most influential, with a positive parent-child relationship and child(ren)'s self-discipline performance contributing significantly to marital satisfaction. The results are hence in favour of the "spillover" explanation, indicating that satisfactory parent-child relationships affect marital satisfaction positively. These findings deepen our understanding of Chinese family and marriage patterns. While traditional values still hold significance, the evolving Chinese family structure, increasingly nuclear in nature, highlights the centrality of relationships within small families. Furthermore, the noteworthy link perceived between children's self-discipline performance and marital quality also reflects a “raising aspiration” for upward social mobility throughout Chinese society and an increasing anxiety deeply influenced by the zeitgeist of the era. This study provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of modern Chinese families and underscores the evolving nature of marital relationships in the dynamic social context.

Live e-commerce has leveraged consumers' immediate impulsive psychological potential, transforming from a niche product into an indispensable mainstream marketing channel. As live e-commerce gradually becomes a dominant form of consumption, its rapid development has garnered significant attention from the academic community. This paper thoroughly investigates and discusses the impact of network anchors on consumers' impulsive buying behavior in live e-commerce and constructs a theoretical model. A questionnaire survey collected 279 valid responses, which were used for formal data analysis. The results indicate that anchors' parasocial interaction (PI), vicarious expression (VE), and scarcity persuasion (SP) have a significant positive impact on consumers' impulsive purchasing behaviors, with immersive experience acting as a mediator in these relationships.Therefore, the analysis in this study suggests that anchor attributes in online live streaming significantly influence consumers' impulsive buying behavior. This study examines the factors influencing consumer impulsive buying behavior in live streaming e-commerce, including the role of anchor attributes and the social environment. The findings emphasize the importance of immersive experiences and provide theoretical implications and practical suggestions for promoting immersive shopping experiences. The mediating effect analysis reveals the role of immersive experience as a mediator in the relationship between different independent variables and the dependent variable.The study discusses how live streaming commerce promotes immersive shopping experiences and how anchors can facilitate these experiences to boost impulsive buying behavior. During live broadcasts, anchors' immersive alternative expressions make it easier for viewers to imagine using the product, particularly when combined with time-limited online promotions. This better stimulates interaction between viewers and anchors, generates stronger empathy, enhances the immersive experience, and increases the likelihood of impulse purchases. The paper offers suggestions for live-streaming merchants and anchors to evoke immersive shopping experiences, such as stimulating impulsive buying behavior through compelling narratives and authentic interactions.