Earticle

Many studies related to the decision of spillover effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) in China have presented the diverse conclusions. To investigate the factors such as variable selection and estimation methods that caused the inconsistent findings regarding to the FDI spillover effects in different research papers, this research presents a meta-analysis of estimates collected from 150 previous studies relevant to the FDI spillover effect in China, which are composed of 536 observations from 89 Chinese papers, 53 English papers, and 8 Korean papers. The results of t-test and regression analysis showed that the adopted variables play an important role in measuring the FDI spillover effect, especially the spillover effect measure variables and the data characteristic variables, which significantly influence on the direction and the extent of the FDI spillover effect. In addition, a publication bias test revealed a bias between English and non-English (Chinese and Korea) papers, which was attributed to the different standpoints of paper authors and the publication preference of academic journals.

The purpose of the study was to empirically investigate the impacts of empowering leadership on organizational citizenship behavior and the mediating role of psychological empowerment in the relationship between empowering leadership and organizational behavior in Chinese employees. Moreover, this study demonstrates the moderating role of affective commitment between psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior. The results show that: first, empowering leadership was found to have a significant relationship with organizational citizenship behavior; second, there is a positive relationship between empowering leadership and psychological empowerment. Third, as predicted, psychological empowerment was positively related to OCB, Fourth, the mediating role of psychological empowerment was identified in the relationship between empowering leadership and organizational behavior. The moderating role of affective commitment between psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior is significant. Finally some practical recommendations to develop the leadership competencies for Chinese managers were suggested.

After China's entry into the world trade organization, with the rapid financial development in China, the foreign banks began to enter China's financial market. The number of foreign banks in China's banking institutions has been increased. In this paper, from two aspects of nature of equity structure and ownership concentration, further study of the equity structure of China's commercial banks business efficiency influence. Selected the five state-owned commercial banks of China and eight joint-stock commercial banks, analyzes the 13 commercial banks business efficiency changes from 2000 to 2013. From the results, the business efficiency of 13 commercial banks to improve mainly comes from the technological change, rather than efficiency change. The government of China and financial supervision departments should continue to enlarge financial reform, encourage foreign banks to enter the Chinese financial market, form the benign competition and perfect financial supervision systems, which is of great importance for sustainable development of Chinese banking industry, national financial security and social stability.

Sui and Tang Dynasties were the best age for Chinese Buddhism. As many denominations and Buddhist temples were built, more and more monks & nuns gathered. Xinluo sent a lot of monks to China to learn because they were eager to learn the advanced Buddhism in Tang. They visited many Scholars and back to Xinluo with The Buddhist classics and cultural relics. They also built schools and began to teach others. So it established A Buddhist sect with its own characteristics. All these made an indelible contribution to the development of Buddhism in Xinluo. At the same time, we can’t ignore the contribution of Buddhist monks in Xinluo to China, either. Many of them participated in translation work very actively; they contribute to the translation. Some of them even live in Tang for the rest of their lives, they understood Buddhist very deeply and left a great deal of writings, built new sect Buddhist and became leaders in their own sects. Some monks ever turn to Buddha and admire by others. That enriched China's Buddhist system. Their activities have influences on both the history of the development of Buddhism between two countries and the history of the communication between two countries.

This paper performs a comparative study on the Korean and Chinese matrimonial property law, especially on the division of matrimonial property, and seeks ideal and appropriate matrimonial property system for respective country. In the field of matrimonial property system, Korea adopts 'Separate property system', which provides that the property acquired by either spouse in the name of husband or wife during marriage is his or her separate provides that leave almost no room of argument for property division on divorce. However, China issued two marriage laws after foundation of new China. Among them, the new one recently revised provides a kind of new matrimonial property system, which not only upholds the traditional principals and guiding ideology but also introduces the reasonable elements of capitalistic family law simultaneously. This paper consists of following contents. It raises the comparative study on the criteria of property division on divorce. It consists of property division objects, property division principals and property division proportion. Chinese marriage law provides the principals of property division, the most important rule is to protect the legal right of women and to give special consideration to interest of the party who has no fault on divorce. Korean family law also provides the same provisions concerning the problems and there are many legal precedents for reference in Korean judicial practice.

From previous research, at home and abroad, lots of researchers have studied the question about consonant rhythm-end of Chinese characters of Sino-Korean. Firstly, in point of the discussion about the consonant rhythm-end of Korean language, it was concentrated in the transformation from ancient Chinese rhythm-end [-t] to the pronunciation of rhythm-end [-l] in Korean of Chinese characters. As for the consonant rhythm-end of Chinese, it was focused on the transformation from the nasal rhythm-end [-m] of ancient Chinese to [-n]. Most Researchers mainly analyzed by rhythm books, tables of ancient China, voice control and translation, or on the basis of some singular dialect, which were short of a whole comprehension. In my paper, via using the language geography with the reference to previous methods of research, the period and process of transformation in the pronunciation of Chinese ʻ-p, -t, -kʼ and nasal rhythm-end ʻ-m, -n, -ŋʼ in Chinese and Korean has been studied. From each dialect of 41 regions, we chose representative characters. Every word were selected as survey site in present paper including one from Korean to make a map of dialect and discuss the cause of formation and sort them according to the type of consonant rhythm-end and nasal rhythm-end. As a result, the vary process of consonant rhythm-end was summarized as 8 stages according to their synchronicity and that of nasal rhythm-end was 5 kinds of change types.

Chinese government has issued a variety of regulatory policies regarding advanced stock market system to enhance stock market's efficiency. However, due to the Chinese stock market crash investors suffered huge financial loss in 2015, they aware of heightened uncertainty and investment risk in Chinese Stock Market. Thus it is a need of keeping an eye on investing activities from highest ratio of individual investor by means of understanding the type of individual investor and main interests in respect of market effectiveness in order to foster transparent and soundness of stock market. And so this study examined the individual investors' response to market shock between pre- and post-event period in accordance with trading halt or suspension relating to delisting from China stock exchange using text-clustering and topic analysis. We found that stock messages help predict the transition of individual's responses and topics depending on market shock through internet stock message boards in Guba community.

This research focused on the factors affecting consumers acceptance on O2O (Online-to-Offline) commerce and the impact of the culture value on O2O commerce consumer acceptance. O2O commerce is growing rapidly around the world recently by the development of information technology, has recently attracted attention in the industry as well as the dissemination of smartphone. O2O commerce model is to provide services that create new value by connecting the on-line and off-line commerce organically, and it will send the event information or store discount coupons through online to attract consumers to shopping at offline stores. Therefore this research uses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the factors like perceived enjoyment and trust, what impact on the intention to use of O2O commerce to proceeds to the research and the empirical analysis was carried out for the proposed research model. In order to explain the factors affecting consumer acceptance on O2O commerce, it was surveyed for consumers O2O commerce in China. In addition, in order to explore the influence of culture values by using cultural factors as moderating variables to analysis the moderating effects through Chinese consumers. Through survey and data analysis we have made certain achievements and refer to these results that help O2O enterprise to improve the understanding on impact of consumers’ intention to use.