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Multimodal teaching creates a vibrant and engaging learning environment for students by seamlessly integrating various sensory inputs such as vivid visual stimuli like colorful images, videos, and interactive graphics, along with rich auditory stimuli including clear spoken language, background music, and sound effects. Currently, there is a lack of multimodal teaching materials in international Chinese education classrooms, and AI-generated content offers a solution to this issue. We utilized text-to-image technology to randomly generate images based on textbook content, selecting six images at random for image quality verification based on the consistency between text and image, indicating that AIGC technology produces high-quality multimodal teaching resources. Based on the aforementioned detection, this paper proposes a framework for the application of text-to-image technology in teaching, which includes summarizing the prompt, image generation, and optimized editing. Based on this framework, we conducted practical applications of AIGC multimodal teaching resource generation. We selected 180 adult international students from diverse backgrounds and nationalities who were learning Chinese in China for the experiment. After the experiment, which included weekly assessments and interactive sessions, we meticulously analyzed the effectiveness of the teaching data. This analysis was complemented by in-depth interviews with participants, revealing that the innovative use of text-to-image technology significantly increased classroom attendance rates and question response rates. Vibrant visuals bridged language barriers, making complex concepts accessible and enhancing immersion in international Chinese education. This led to improved student engagement and academic performance. Based on the above theoretical and practical findings, this paper highlights the advantages of AIGC in promoting personalized learning, creating immersive learning environments, facilitating diverse learning methods, and providing high-quality learning resources in international Chinese education classrooms. However, it also points out potential issues such as information disorder, the transformation of teacher roles, legal and ethical concerns, and doubts about the reliability of technology. In consideration of the comprehensive analyses presented, this study meticulously offers a set of well-considered recommendations specifically tailored for the application of AIGC in various classroom activities. These activities are situated within the broader context of international Chinese education, a domain that is increasingly recognizing the potential of technological advancements. By integrating AIGC into classroom practices, the study aims to enhance the quality and effectiveness of teaching and learning experiences, thereby fostering deeper and more meaningful progress in the field of international Chinese education.

본 연구는 국공내전에서 중국 공산당이 승리한 요인을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 다음과 같이 구성하였다. 논문의 편성 및 분석방법은 5사7계를 기준으로 국민당과 공산당을 비교한 다음 공산당의 승리요인을 마오쩌둥의 군사사상과 전략․전술을중심으로 분석하여 결론을 제시하였다. 연구결과 중국 공산당이 소수세력이라는 절대적 열세를 극복하고 승리한 요인은 첫째, 전쟁에서의 승패의 기준과 비교척도로 적용되는 5사7계를 통해 분석한 결과 무능하고 부패한 쟝제스와 국민정부의 예정된 패배였음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 인민군대건설사상과 인민전쟁사상, 인민전쟁의 전략․전술 등 마오쩌둥 군사사상과 군사전략의 승리였음을 확인할 수 있었다. 마오쩌둥은 중국적 특성과 시대상황을 반영한 특유의 군사사상과 전략전술을 제시하고 노동자, 농민 등 억압받는 인민대중의 폭넓은 지지를 받아 공산세력을 확장하였으며, 이들은 혁명전쟁(내전)에서의 전위대 역할을 충실히 이행하였다. 반면 쟝제스와 국민당은 국가체제와 당의 지배체제를 개혁하지 못하였기 때문에 지지 세력이 이탈함으로써 내전의 전 기간 동안 모든 면에서의 절대적 우위를 지키지 못한 채 무기력하게 패배하였다. 결론적으로 중국 공산당의 승리는 전장에서 치러진 군사작전의 승리라는 의미를 뛰어넘어 마오쩌둥 군사사상과 전략․전술에 의한 완전한 승리였음을 확인할 수 있었다.

This research isconsisted as following to study the key factors of China communist victory over National civil war. Analyzation and organization method of this thesis is surveying National civil war and than suggesting result of key factors to victory of communist by focusing on military concept and strategy of Mao Zedong and Osachilgye suggested in Sonjabyungbup. As a result of this study, key factor to victory of China communist even overcoming minor force is :First, as a result of analyzation of Osachilgye, which is even used as standard of victory and defeat of war, it was an expected defeat of incompetent and rotten Kookmindang(National party) and Chiang Kai-shek Second, construction concept of People's army and People's war, strategy and tactics of people war. etc. shows that it was a victory for military concept and strategy og Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong suggested unique military strategy and concept involving and adjusted to Chinese characteristics and circumstances of that time, which drew out enormous support of people under pressure, suchas peasant and labor, resulted in expansion of communist force and they fulfilled their duty as recon forces during civil war. On the contrast Chiang Kai-shek and Kookmindang (National party), failed to innovate ruling structure, lost their supporting group and total superiority only to be helplessly defeated. As a conclusion, addition to China communist's successful military operations on the battlefield, it was a perfect victory of military concept and strategy of Mao Zedong.

This study examines how government subsidies influence ESG performance in China's new energy sector, focusing on organizational mechanisms and governance conditions determining policy effectiveness. Understanding these transmission mechanisms is critical as governments worldwide deploy industrial policies to accelerate sustainable transitions, yet existing theories developed in Western market economies may not adequately explain policy outcomes in state-influenced institutional contexts. Using panel data from firm-year observations across Chinese listed firms, we test whether financing-investment maturity mismatch (SFLI) mediates the subsidy-ESG relationship and how ownership concentration and board independence moderate these effects. Our empirical strategy employs two-way fixed effects models, instrumental variable approaches, and propensity score matching to address endogeneity concerns. Results show subsidies significantly enhance ESG performance. However, SFLI shows no mediating effects, suggesting subsidies operate through institutional signaling and administrative coordination rather than financial constraint alleviation. This null mediation result proves theoretically informative, revealing that institutional mechanisms systematically outweigh resource-based channels in China's well-developed green finance environment. Contrary to agency theory predictions, ownership concentration enhances subsidy effectiveness while board independence reduces it. Comprehensive heterogeneity analyses reveal SOE subsidy effects are twice as large as POE effects, validating distinct mechanisms: administrative mandate compliance for SOEs versus strategic signaling for POEs. The positive interaction between subsidies and SOE status confirms that political accountability drives differential policy responsiveness across ownership types. Effects are strongest for environmental outcomes and exhibit diminishing returns at high subsidy levels. Regional analyses show subsidy effectiveness varies substantially with local fiscal capacity and regulatory intensity, with effects in high-capacity regions multiple times larger than in low-capacity regions. These findings offer important implications for policymakers and corporate managers. For policymakers, the evidence suggests that subsidy effectiveness depends more on institutional design and monitoring quality than on subsidy magnitude, indicating that smaller, well-targeted subsidies with strong oversight mechanisms may outperform large transfers with limited accountability. For firms with concentrated ownership structures, subsidies prove particularly effective instruments for ESG improvements, while those with highly independent boards may require additional support to overcome procedural delays.

Since the Beijing Tourism Society first introduced the concept of “tourism culture” in the 1990s, the interdependence between culture and tourism has become an established premise in China’s development strategy. The launch of the National Cultural Innovation Project in 2009 and the establishment of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2018 have further institutionalized the integration of cultural and tourism industries. As both cultural carriers and narrative media, film and television play a pivotal role in shaping local identity, disseminating cultural values, and stimulating tourism through symbolic representation. Drawing on Christian Metz’s theory of film narrative symbolism, this study investigates how narrative symbols—constructed through landscapes, language, characters, and cultural practices— mediate audience cognition, evoke emotional resonance, and transform intangible cultural meanings into tangible tourism resources. Using the Chinese television drama To the Wonder as a case study, the research analyzes how its ethnic and regional symbols are embedded within a cohesive narrative system that reinforces Altay’s cultural image and destination brand. Statistical data from Xinjiang’s tourism authorities show significant post-broadcast increases in visitor numbers and tourism revenue, underscoring the measurable economic impact of such symbolic constructions. Comparative cases, including Avatar and Blossoms, demonstrate that while tourism promotion often emerges as an unintended byproduct of narrative symbolism, its occurrence is grounded in an inherent semiotic logic that can be strategically leveraged. This paper addresses a gap in the literature by focusing on the symbolic mechanisms through which visual narratives contribute to tourism culture dissemination—an area often overlooked in existing research, which has primarily concentrated on destination imagery and tourist behavior. By combining literature review and case study methods, the findings provide theoretical insight into the structural coupling between cultural symbol reproduction and the enhancement of tourism space value, offering practical guidance for the coordinated development of visual media, cultural industries, and tourism. Ultimately, this study not only enriches the semiotic analysis of film-induced tourism but also offers a replicable framework for leveraging cultural narratives in regional branding and sustainable tourism development. The research further underscores the necessity of cross-sector collaboration among media producers, cultural policymakers, and tourism stakeholders to maximize the socio-economic potential of narrative symbolism.

This research empirically analyzes the impact of ESG disclosure on firm value in Chinese listed companies and investigates the moderating role of CEO power in this relationship. In recent years, companies have increasingly emphasized sustainable management and social responsibility, with ESG disclosure becoming an important strategic tool. ESG disclosure transparently communicates a company’s approach and performance in fulfilling its social responsibilities and pursuing environmental sustainability, playing a crucial role in conveying the company’s long-term value and credibility to stakeholders such as investors and consumers. The growing importance of ESG factors has led to an increased focus on sustainability, making it essential for companies to disclose information related to environmental, social, and governance practices. However, while some studies have shown positive effects of ESG disclosure on firm value, others have found negative or insignificant effects. These inconsistent results suggest that various external, industrial, and internal factors may influence the impact of ESG disclosure on firm value. Notably, managerial characteristics, particularly CEO power, may serve as a significant differentiating factor in determining the quality and quantity of ESG disclosure, which in turn affects firm value. This research analyzes the relationship between ESG disclosure and firm value based on data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2023 and empirically examines the moderating effect of CEO power on this relationship. The results confirm that companies with stronger CEO power tend to experience a more positive impact of ESG disclosure on market value and financial performance. In other words, companies with CEOs who actively promote ESG activities are more likely to see ESG disclosure contribute significantly to long-term growth and competitive advantage. These findings suggest that CEO power is an important moderating variable that enhances the effect of ESG disclosure, highlighting the crucial role of managerial characteristics in driving a company’s sustainable management strategy. Additionally, this research differentiates itself from existing research by demonstrating how managerial characteristics moderate the relationship between ESG disclosure and firm value, providing a deeper understanding of the connection between ESG disclosure and CEO power. Thus, the current research empirically demonstrates the important role of CEO power in maximizing the effects of ESG disclosure and enhancing firm value through strategic decision-making. These results provide valuable insights for future research on the strategic use of ESG disclosure and decision-making in firms.

Economic policy uncertainty (EPU) has intensified markedly in China, reshaping corporate decision-making across investment, financing and disclosure domains. Against this backdrop, Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) disclosures have emerged as a strategic legitimacy device, yet the pathways through which EPU influences ESG transparency remain under-specified. This study examines whether green innovation mediates the EPU–ESG nexus and quantifies the magnitude of this indirect effect. Drawing on a comprehensive panel of Chinese A-share firms from 2010 to 2020, we merge ESG scores from China SynTao Green Finance STαR ESG Data Platform with manually validated green-patent records from the China National Intellectual Property Administration. EPU is captured via the Baker–Davis–Bloom index, interacted with industry-level policy-exposure weights to generate exogenous variation. Green innovation is measured along three dimensions: total green patent applications, authorized green invention patents and authorized green utility-model patents. A firm-fixed-effects mediation framework, augmented by instrumental-variable estimation, decomposes the total effect of EPU on ESG disclosure into direct and indirect components while controlling for firm size, leverage, profitability, board characteristics and year shocks. Four principal findings emerge. First, EPU exerts a significantly positive direct effect on ESG disclosure, indicating that firms counteract policy shocks by amplifying transparency to safeguard stakeholder trust. Second, green innovation—particularly high-quality green invention patents— acts as a statistically and economically meaningful partial mediator, transmitting approximately 15.35 % of the total EPU impact onto ESG scores. Third, large and highly leveraged firms exhibit disproportionately stronger sensitivity to EPU, adjusting ESG strategies more aggressively than smaller or low-debt counterparts. Fourth, robustness checks employing trade-policy uncertainty as a placebo shock, a pre-COVID subsample, alternative patent weighting schemes and causal-mediation bootstraps corroborate the stability and specificity of the mediation channel; non-green patents yield negligible mediation, underscoring the unique role of environmentally oriented innovation. The results highlight green innovation and ESG disclosure as complementary, co-adaptive strategies for managing policy uncertainty. Regulators are advised to foster innovation-friendly environments via targeted R&D subsidies, green-credit incentives and expedited patent-examination programs. Corporate managers should integrate explicit green-innovation roadmaps into ESG frameworks to translate technological capabilities into reputational resilience. By integrating macro-level policy shocks with micro-level sustainability behaviour, this study advances the literature on uncertainty and disclosure, offering actionable insights for scholars, policymakers and corporate boards in China and other emerging economies.

Nowadays, live-streaming e-commerce is one of the major emerging marketing methods in China. The realization of live-streaming platform traffic depends on how to correctly enhance followers' purchase intention. Scholars have been studying this issue ever since the introduction of the live-streaming e-commerce mode. Researchers have found that as an important part of dealing-making in live-streaming e-commerce, Internet celebrities are an important reason influencing consumers' purchase intention. Therefore, it is very necessary to explore the factors of how Internet celebrities influence consumers' purchase intention. This study aims to explore the factors influencing Chinese TikTok users' intention to purchase products recommended by Internet celebrities. The study takes product discounts, entertainment, and expertise as independent variables and takes user trust and perceived value as intervening variables in a mediator model to explore the direct and indirect impacts of Internet celebrity characteristics on the purchase intention. Using a quantitative research method, the study issued online questionnaires to 265 users who have experience in purchasing products from live-streaming marketing on TikTok; then using the SPSS 25 and AMOS 23 software, the study analyzed 209 valid questionnaires and found that entertainment and expertise have a direct and significant impact on the purchase intention, and they also influence the purchase intention by influencing the intervening variables, namely user trust and perceived value. In addition, according to the findings, for the live-streaming platform of TikTok, product discounts are just an insignificant variable that does not have any significant impact, either direct or indirect, on the purchase intention. The results of this study will help deepen our understanding of how live-streaming e-commerce and Internet celebrity characteristics influence users' mentality and behavior. From the perspectives of people in the Internet celebrity live-streaming marketing industry, besides maintaining positive interactions between Internet celebrities and followers and improving Internet celebrities' popularity, Internet celebrity live-streaming marketing should focus more on improving Internet celebrities' expertise on the commodities they sell, thereby boosting the healthy development of the commercial ecosystem. Moreover, marketing personnel need to learn about the factors influencing live-streaming platform users' purchase intention, so as to better supervise this marketing channel.

In the context of China's economy shifting to a high-quality development stage, how to promote the performance of manufacturing enterprises through new quality productive forces (NQPF) has become an important topic. Based on the multi-period panel data of listed companies in China's manufacturing industry, this paper uses the panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model to systematically explore the two-way interaction mechanism between new quality productive forces and enterprise performance (represented by TobinQ) from a dynamic perspective. The empirical results show that the study found that the new quality productive forces has a significant positive impact on enterprise performance, especially after controlling for individual differences and time factors of enterprises. At the same time, the research results also show that the PVAR dynamic panel model based on system GMM further reveals the temporal interaction mechanism between the two. The lagged term of Nqpf significantly positively affects TobinQ, indicating that the new quality productive forces has a continuous driving force on enterprise performance; while the lag of TobinQ has a negative feedback on Nqpf, indicating that the short-term improvement of enterprise performance may inhibit the investment in new quality productive forces, reflecting a certain reverse dynamic mechanism. This finding emphasizes the need to pay attention to the dynamic balance between enterprise input and output in policy making. The impulse response analysis shows that the TobinQ shock produces a positive response on the new quality productivity (Ngpf) from period 0 to period 1, but falls below zero and enters the negative range from period 1, remains negative for several periods, and finally returns to a stable level. This finding remains insufficiently statistically significant. The impact of Nqpf on TobinQ showed a significant positive impact in the previous periods. A positive shock to Nqpf will significantly increase TobinQ in periods 1–2, reach a peak in period 2, and then decline. Within a certain range, the improvement of New Quality Productive Forces will help improve corporate performance and have a certain incentive effect. The variance decomposition results show that TobinQ in the early stage is mainly explained by its own influence, but the explanation rate of NQPF in the 8th period reaches 11.8%, showing its long-term driving effect on the market performance of enterprises; and the change of NQPF is almost completely driven by itself, reflecting its exogenous characteristics. This study not only verifies the hysteresis and long-term impact of new quality productive forces on enterprise performance from an empirical level, but also reveals the interactive relationship between market and innovation. The research results provide theoretical support for manufacturing enterprises to formulate innovation strategies and optimize resource allocation, and also provide targeted suggestions for macro policy makers to promote high-quality development from the enterprise level in the process of China's modernization.

한국 금속공예사에서 삼국시대의 금속공예에 관한 지금까지의 연구는 현존 유물의 절대량으로 인하여 고신라 고분출토 금속장신구를 중심으로 진행되어 왔다. 고분에서 출토된 고신라 금속장신구로는 금관을 비롯하여 금을 재료로 한 금공예가 유난히 발달하였다. 신라 금속공예의 연구 역시 금관을 비롯해 冠帽, 耳飾, 帶金具 등에 집중되었다. 이는 이들 유물이 출토 예가 많았을 뿐만 아니라 기술적인 측면에서도 연구가치가 있었던 것에서 비롯된 것이라 생각된다. 특히 화려하면서 상징적인 의미를 가진 신라의 금관에 대해서는 비교적 많은 연구가 이루어졌다. 그동안 학계에서는 금․금동관을 비롯한 신라 금속장신구에 대한 연구가 두가지 방면으로 진행되어 왔다. 그 하나는 신라 금관의 조형적 형태에 주목하여 신라관의 기원문제에 연구가 집중되다가 이후 미술사학계를 중심으로 형식학적 검토와 제작기법의 분석이 이루어진다. 반면 역사학계와 고고학계에서는 신라식 관이 경주 이외의 신라 영향권으로 생각되는 부산 복천동이나 대구, 경산 등의 변경 지대에서 출토되는 것에 주목하여 관을 비롯한 금속 장신구를 지방통치와 관련된 유물로 보고 신라영역을 밝히는 자료로 적극 이용하였다. 고신라 금속공예품 속에 외래적 요소가 많다는 사실은 일찍부터 주지되어 온 사실이다. 또한 신라의 금속공예품 가운데 확실한 수입품으로 분류되는 것으로 황남대총 북분에서 출토된 금팔찌 1점과 계림로 14호분 출토 장식보검으로 이들의 제작지는 이란 혹은 중앙아시아로 추정하고 있다. 4세기후반 이후 경주에 대형의 적석목곽분이 축조되고, 그 무렵 금관, 이식 등 금제장신구의 제작이 시작된다. 새로운 금속공예의 발전은 외부로부터 영향을 받아 가능했음은 재언의 여지가 없다. 교류의 과정에서 서아시아와 중앙아시아의 사신, 상인과의 교류도 있었겠지만 중국의 경우처럼 직접적인 인적교류의 증거는 아직 발견되지 않았다. 이러한 신문화의 계보는 중원의 왕조를 매개로 한 문화교류의 산물로 보고 있다. 하지만 신라는 이를 그대로 수용하기보다 외래요소를 선별수용하여 신라의 사회상이 반영된 독특한 금속공예문화를 이루었으며 이는 나아가 고신라미술의 성격을 규명할 수 있는 하나의 단서가 될 것으로 생각된다.

There are many studies on the artifact from tomb excavation of Silla. The most of them have focused on the ancient Silla metal craft. The metal crafts discovered from tomb excavations account for the largest majority of relics found from Silla historical sites. Since the late 4th century, wooden chamber tombs with stone mound were erected in Gyeongju and at the same time, gold ornaments such as the gold crown, ear ornaments and belt ornaments, amidst other prestige goods were produced Especially on the origin and the special characteristics of Silla' crowns, there are topics yet to be investigated and theories to be reported. Its form classification and analyze the metal crafts technique have been dealt with in detail by learned circles of Art History recently. At that time, the crown of Silla style began to be buried in the marginal regions of Gyeongju, including, Daegu, Gyeongsan, and Busan at the stage of Silla. From this archaeological features, it is evident that these area seem to have been inseparably related to Gyeongju in the light of politics. It is possible to assume that the Hwangnamdaechong bracelet and the decorative dagger from the Gaerimro No.14 tomb were imported finished products. A gold bracelet from the north Mound of the Hwangnamdaechong appears to have been produced with a very unique technique. It is difficult to find similar bracelet in East Asia but there are example from West Asian excavation. A more evident import among Silla's metal crafts would be the decorative dagger from the Gaerimro No.14 tomb. Some think that the dagger was made in Iran or Central Asia. This has been a evidence of foreign elements present in metal crafts of Silla from the late 4th century. Here elements refer to clear and evident differrences from the general Silla design and technique. Some are imported products and others are Silla's adaptations of foreign motifs by means of culture exchange. The lineage of this new culture of Silla had relationship in trading with the Mediterranean countries via China. In the case of Silla, unique Silla patterns and techniques were incorporated into various metal crafts. However, Silla took an active part in accepting in the various international techniques. But she took them in her manner which related cultural surrounding. And It led up to a clue for finding out the characteristics of art of Silla.

중국에 영화가 들어 온지가 벌써 백년이 넘었다. 그러나 중국 영화는 모택동 시대에 문예정책으로 인하여 정치적 선전의 도구로 전락했으며, 등소평 시대에는 사상해방을 통해 사회와 정치에 대한 지식인들의 표현의 자유를 보장해 주면서도 실제적으로 사회비판적 영화에 대해서는 명백히 한계를 두어 강한 검열과 심의를 통하여 제한을 가하였다. 이러한 현상은 오늘날까지도 표현이 자유롭지 못하며 강한 통제를 받고 있다. 이러한 중국영화의 특징으로 인하여 중국 영화의 세대구분에서 제1세대의 무성영화세대에서 제4세대까지는 정치와 불가분의 관계 속에서 영화를 만들었다. 1980년대에 들어서면서 제5세대의 등장으로 인하여 영화는 어느 정도 정치와의 거리를 두려고 하였으며, 중국에서는 환영받지 못하였던 영화들이 국제사회에서 많은 호응과 관심을 갖게 되었다. 그러나 이후에 일부 감독들이 대중성과 오락성을 지향하는 영화를 만들고, 정부의 요구와 어느 정도 부합하게 되는 방향으로 나아가는 가게 되었다. 그러나 이에 반하여 제6세대 감독들은 개인적인 주제로 영화를 만들어 나갔다. 중국 정부는 지속적으로 영화를 통제하려 하였고 정부와 대립되는 영화들은 상영을 불허하는 일들이 자주 일어나게 되었다. 이러한 역학관계 속에 제6세대 감독들은 새로운 돌파구를 창출하기 위해 해외합작을 통하여 영화를 만들었고, 소위 말하는 지하영화를 만들어 국제 영화제에서 명성을 얻게 되었다. 이러한 제6세대의 등장은 한동안 신선함이 부재했던 세계의 영화에 일정한 영향을 끼치는 중국영화의 힘을 형성하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 영화와 정치의 상관관계와 세대구분의 특징을 다루고자 하였으며, 특히 제5세대와 제6세대의 차이점을 체계적으로 구분하여 제시하고자 하였다.

The Chinese ethnical and cultual characteristics, and the aesthetic ideas that appear in the story of Chinese cinema, create and express the Chinese cultural experience in order to show the world variety of cultures in China. The Chinese cultural identification exist in Chinese cinemas, and it is being consumed through interpretation and imagination. Mainly concerning the 20th century, Chinese cinema has been changed in the movie industrial aspect and in cultural right as the cultural sources in the 21st century. In the period, we currently criticize orientalism and formalism as well as we gave cheers to director of 5th generation, China style should be turned up to satisfy our imagination. But the film standard on international film festival is not just specific oriental and art standard, and they just focus on product method of China film system. More significantly, the 6th generation is Underground film that makes us understood the background of this phenomenon. Noticing on the 6th generation, achievement of art and cultural side of film is not mentioned at all and emphasis thing is only political meaning of film, but it is the expected imagination of current in terms of China democracy, citizen community, men around. Now Chinese movies go to the World, independent film is possibly one of fast way current movie can enter western film society. We should approach and understand to china, various points of view to approaching methods are needed. This research especially emphasized the analysis of the visual point of view in order to tide over limits of the preferred reading on narrative level and derive overthrowing senses concealed in the cinematographic apparatus. This research demonstrated the 5th and 6th generation films during 20th and 21st substantially reflected concepts of subject that had been driven back in classical and new films.