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흠 있는 법률행위 또는 계약해제로부터 보호되는 제3자의 적격성
민사법의 이론과 실무학회 민사법의 이론과 실무 제14권 제1호 2010.12 pp.3-40
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8,200원
Most of jurists and lawyers do not clearly distinguish between the conception of the third party protected from defective contracts and that of the third party protected from avoided contracts in our country. But only about the third party acquired an interest of the right formed from the contract, they mostly agreed to telling that he is the third party protected from defective contracts, on the other hand, is not the third party protected from avoided contracts. The legislations of different countries are various. Even Japan's civil code, despite having been leavening our civil code very much and holding the many similarities to our legislations, has not regulations to protect the third party in psychological reserved representation, representation by mistake and compulsed representation. The nations that holds no regulation about false representation are continuously expanding the protection of the third party by precedents and theories. Except our country and Japan, there are no progress in regulations or legal theories to protect the third parties from avoidance of contracts. In the country, there are regulations to protect the third parties not only from all shapes of defective contracts but also from avoidance of contracts, but the regulative expressions are different each other. And the reason is not clear still in the thinking of the Korean civil-code-makers, besides the substantial reason that the regulative expressions should be different is not found to us. In the light of natures of defective contracts and avoidance of contracts, the protection of third party is more necessary in avoidance of contracts. Therefore it could be right in avoidance of contracts to allay the conception of third party, on the other hand, it could not be right in defective contracts to fortify the conception of third party. I think so. Looking from the perspective of legal causes of rights, it is topical to plead details from a legal cause of right as the pleas against the exercise of right, and it is not reasonably different in the case of defective contracts and avoidance of contracts. The argument that the right of the third party is the one included the possibility of losing his right in the case that the contract is avoided seems to potentially have a point. But it is not right to make the eligibility of third party strict only in the case of avoidance of contract and on the basis of the difference of legal causes of rights. In the light of the point that it should be same in defective contracts, the point that the legal idea of the protection of third party should include both of the persons that took the right from the very defective or avoided contract and the persons that took the right from the new legal cause based on the very contract and the point that centrifugal force is stronger to deny the effect and to make restitution in the case of defective contract than in the case of avoided contract. In conclusion, the conception of the third party protected from defective contracts and that of the third party protected from avoided contracts are not different but same. All the buyers and legal seizers of the bond from the contract avoided should be regarded the very third parties protected from avoided contracts.
6,600원
From the comparative viewpoint, the Korean representative statutes(arts. 114-136 of the Civil Code) could be positioned in the rank of codifications deeply influenced by the German Civil Code(1900). However, those statutes are facing some moments of recodifiaction for some reasons: firstly, social changes resulted by bio-technological developments, inter alia for prolonging human life or re-production secondly, theoretical developments based on comparative legal studies thirdly, newly worked-out codes and instrumental devices such as PECL, UNIDROIT Principles and DCFR and lastly, influences of new institutions, e.g. class actions or adult guardianship, (in)directly concerned with representative schemes. This article introduced some of the author's experiences as participant in the Civil Code reform committee under the auspice of the Ministry of Justice. The reader should keep in mind that the article reflects the limited discussions in the committee only until the October 2009 for some reasons including the author's private affairs.
계약해제 규범의 비교법적 고찰 - PECL 및 DCFR의 규정체계를 중심으로 -
민사법의 이론과 실무학회 민사법의 이론과 실무 제14권 제1호 2010.12 pp.69-101
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7,500원
Termination of contracts, which is a means of the most important reliefs from non-performance, focuses on making the party afflicted with non-performance getting out of the restriction of a contractual relationship. Therefore, most of legislations have regulation about what requisites concede termination of contracts and what effects are given, which are regulated differently depending on the scope and characteristics of an individual legislation. In the area of European contract law, the legislative assimilation for union and harmony in the European way has been proceeding. PECL published in 1998 is an outcome from the synthesis with European continental law and British and American common law divided traditionally. Especially, PECL limits the condition arising legislative right of termination to essential non-performance and carefully regulates termination of contracts as a result of non-performance. DCFR published in 2009 to solve the problem arisen from the difference of the regulations of contract law among the countries of EU. DCFR has been improving the unity of the regulation of EU contract law based on rationality and persuasion. Legal principles adopted from the united legislation of European contract law is the standard law being adoptable internationally and gives not a little meaning to Korean law which is under the revision of civil law. So, this paper is to give some suggestions as to explanations and legislation controversies of Korean civil law through the consideration on the regulation systems on termination of contracts and on the relative legislation on the legislative requisites and effects in individual regulations.
독일에 있어서 멀티미디어의 개념과 그 이용의 법적 성질
민사법의 이론과 실무학회 민사법의 이론과 실무 제14권 제1호 2010.12 pp.103-120
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5,200원
Ohne Hilfe des Multimedias kann Man seine Gelegenheit nicht führen. Heutzutage werden alle Sache durch Digitalisierung per Online oder per Off-Line änderen. Und wir können solche unberührbare Sache ein oder verkaufen. Diese Digitalisierung hat ein völlig neues Umfeld für die Herstellung und Verbreitung medialer Inhalte geschaffen. Animationen, Videos, Texte, Bilder und Musik sind in digitaler Form verfügbar und können zu einheitlichen und interaktiven Arrangements verschmolzen werden. Beispiele hierfür sind Computerspiele, Präsentationen und Websites. Derartige Produktionen stellen inzwischen einen erheblichen Wirtschaftsfaktor dar. Trotz aller Versuche, mit der Entwicklung Schritt zu halten, weist der bestehende rechtliche Rahmen eine Fülle von Unwägbarkeiten auf. Einen wichtigen Aspekt hierbei bildet das Vertragsrecht. Die wirtschaftliche Verwertung von Immaterialgütern durch rechtsgeschäftliche Überlassung erfordert ein verlässliches und vorhersehbares Regelwerk. Diese Arbeit stellt die aktuelle Rechtslage in Deutschland vor. Im Kern sind drei das Vertragsrecht durchziehende Trennlinien involviert. Die Unterscheidung zwischen bestehenden und erst herzustellenden Gütern, zwischen dauerhafter Überlassung und Dauerschuldverhältnis sowie zwischen Sachen, Rechten und sonstigen Gegenständen. Letztere Kategorisierung berührt das Verhältnis zwischen körperlichen und immateriellen Gütern an seiner Wurzel und ist letztlich der Angelpunkt auch für die Frage nach der rechtlichen Behandlung von Multimediaverträgen - geht es denn nun um eine Sache, um ein Recht, um etwas ganz anderes oder gar um eine Mischung aus alledem? Ein hier erwähnte neue Sache bedeutet ein körperliche oder unkörperliche Sache. Deswegen kann man diese Untersuchung über das Immaterialgüterrecht sagen. Diese könnte auch ein Lizentvertrag sein. Aber diese Untersuchung ist nicht über Immaterialgüterrecht sondern ein zililrechtliches Vertragsrecht. Das Ergebnis dieser Untersuchungen ist ; das einmalige Nutzungsvertrag des Multimedias ein „Mietvertrag„ und das dauerhafte Nutzungsvertrag des Multimedia ist ein „Werkvertraag„
8,500원
Germay as a fatherland of Group(Association) Litigation('Verbandsklage') has variety of those litigation. The group litigation of Fair Trade Act('Gesetz gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb' 'UWG') is the most important and standard system amid those litigations. In Germany group litigation of Fair Trade Act for consumer was revised on a grand scale at 2003. As a result, the use of group litigation for consumer has been increased nowadays. The revised Fair Trade Act express clearly that restraining or hampering fair trade disadvantageous to general consumers is illegal. New act introduces the right of claim to consumers' or businessmen's group(association) depriving of business proprietors' unreasonable profits illicit gain. By that claim, consumer's group(association) can give illegal business proprietor a warning, so strengthen the ability of controling over unfair and illegal trad. In Germany, there are many theories about who has the right to bring an action in a court against illegal business proprietor for unfair trade (especially protecting consumer's benefit). New Fair Trade Act express that group(association) itself has the right to bring an group litigation. Nowadays, in Korea more and more types of group litigation(class action environmental, food-related class actions) law are being drafted by the government. This thesis will contribute to promote the efficiency of legal application and establishment of group litigation legislation in Korea
미술품의 진본성(authenticity)에 관한 프랑스의 사법적 기준 - 매수인의 착오를 중심으로 -
민사법의 이론과 실무학회 민사법의 이론과 실무 제14권 제1호 2010.12 pp.161-206
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9,400원
En se fondant sur le grand marché de l'art, depuis longtemps, la France traitait les problèmes concernant l'authenticité des oeuvres d'art, et essayait d'établir des mesures de solution raisonnables par la catégorisation de ces problèmes. En premier, il est notable que la France établisat des mesures d'estimation sur l'authenticité de façon particulières, sans définir de façon générale l'authenticité, et en tenant compte de divers genres et caractéristiques des oeuvres d'art. D'abord, s'agissant des oeuvres uniques par essence comme les peintures ou les dessins, les tribunaux français ont admis l'authenticité des oeuvres non seulement réalisés mais encore exécutés par l'auteur lui-même en considération des caractéristiques de création des oeuvres d'art modernes. En suite, s'agissant des pièces ayant vocation à être tirées en plusieurs exemplaires comme des sculptures en bronzes ou des extampes, en introduisant le concept d'originalité, la France a résolu le problème d'authenticité par la limitation légale ou pratique de l'étendue des originaux. En fin, s'agissant des oeuvres d'art appliqué, comme des meubles ou des objets d'art, les tribunaux français ont résolu le problème d'authenticité en admettant l'originalité de l'euvre concernée, à condition que celui-ci soit réalisée "selon les instructions et sous le contrôle" de l'auteur vivant. En second, à propos de l'erreur sur l'authenticité des oeuvres d'art, la France estime l'erreur inexcusable d'après la qualité ou la compétence de la victime de l'erreur. Cependant, en tenant compte de la spécialité et la difficulté de l'estimation des eouvres d'art, les tribunaux français permettent l'annulation du contrat en admettant l'erreur sur la qualité substantielle comme l'erreur excusable, lorsque la victime fautive de l'erreur a exécuté toutes les précautions que l'on attente généralement aux experts ayant mêmes qualités que celle-ci. En troisième, la France détermine la qualité substantielle des oeuvres d'art selon le subjectivisme, c'est-à-dire la volonté des parties contractantes. Cependant, les tribunaux français essaient d'equilibrer les intérêts de la partie plaignantes et la sécurité du commerce, d'une part, en exigeant que cette qualité soit figurée expressément dans le contrat, d'autre part en admettant a priori certaines caractéristiques objectivement importantes des oeuvres d'art comme des qualités substantiells, même s'il n'y ait pas de l'expression explicite. En outre, lorsqu'après la vente, se révelle l'authenticité incertaine ou partielle, d'une part, les tribunaux français n'admettent l'annulation de la vente qu'en cas des doutes sérieux, d'autre part, ceux-ci tiennent compte de la gravité des accidents, des réparations, des ajouts, des repeints etc.
7,600원
Un couple en marriage se confronte certainement a des problems concernes des biens. Les problemes lies aux biens entre les epoux se presentent differemment selon la mode de vie ou des circonstances professionnelles de chaque personne, donc, s’il peut determiner le rapport de patrimoine par le consentement mutuel, cela serait le plus souhaitable. Neanmoins, dans notre pays, le contrat de mariage est encore non seulement un concept inconnu, mais aussi le cas de le conclure, il n’y a qu’une minorite. Parce que le code civil prescrit seulement la possiblite de conclure le contrat de mariage, mais il ne presente pas de type concret et puis il peut aussi compter que le contrat de mariage n’admet pas principalement son changement durant le mariage dans notre code civil. En revanche, dans le cas francais, presentant les types du contrat de mariage comme la communaute conventionnelle, le regime de separation de biens et le regime de participation aux acquets apres le mariage, ce code civil fait aux epoux de conclure sans changeant ou changeant non seulement les conventions matrimoniales que le code civil presente avant le mariage, mais aussi librement le contrat de mariage, s’il ne contrarie pas une limite. En plus, pendant le mariage, par le consentement mutuel, il permet de changer le regime matrimonial. Apres deux annees d'application du regime matrimonial, les epoux peuvent convenir, dans l'interet de la famille, de le modifier, ou meme d'en changer entierement, par un acte notarie. A peine de nullite, l'acte notarie contient la liquidation du regime matrimonial modifie si elle est necessaire. Pour la question des biens d’entre les epoux, je crois qu’il est necessaire d’avoir le plan de l’activer au point qu’il est desirable de la determiner par le consentement mutuel. En considerant ces elements-la, il faut presenter les types concrets liant au contrat de mariage, voyant, pendant le mariage, le contrat de mariage francais admet le changement du regime matrimonial, je crois, dont le contenu peut presenter un point de suggestion importante concernant a la direction legislative du contrat de mariage de notre pays.
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