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해방 이후 북한지역에서의 토지소유제도의 재편과정에 관한 민사법적 고찰
민사법의 이론과 실무학회 민사법의 이론과 실무 제16권 제2호 2013.06 pp.3-35
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7,500원
After the liberation, North and South Korea both confiscated land from all the anti national actors to dissolute the unreasonable land relations of the Japanese colonization and to pay off faults of the past. However, the confiscating process of unified Korea may differ from that of the past depending on the method of unification. If one Korea is absorbed into the other, and the past confiscation of the absorbed Korea is considered illegal, as the case of Germany, the restoration of the land to the original owner can be regarded as a possible remedy. In such a case, though, common factors of confiscation found in both Koreas that took place after the liberation should not be called illegal. On the other hand, if the unification is agreed upon, the confiscation of North Korea will be evaluated as valid, and the recovery to the original owner will not be considered. In this case, new ways to reorganize land ownership should be established for balanced development of North Korea. However, if the confiscation of North Korea is considered illegal, as was in Germany, then there would be a problem on how to view the confiscation of South Korea. This is because two Koreas both confiscated land to resolve land-to-the-tillers principle and unreasonable land ownerships such as domination of land, and the subjects of confiscation included not only the land that was being cultivated by people other than the owner but also the ones cultivated by non-farmers. Therefore, there seems to be no reason to simply consider the confiscation of North Koreato be against the law of South Korea.
7,600원
Myosan is the mountain that is used to install an ancestor’s grave. Before introducing morden law, alienating Myosan is strictly prohibited. Descendants of common ancestor can preserve ancestor’s grave. In present, JongJung(宗中, Korean Clan Association) owen proprietary rights of Myosan. JongJung is consist of descendants of common ancestor, the member of JongJung can sell Myosan. If new owner eliminate ancestor’s grave, descendants who have ancestor’s grave are hurt. Korea Supreme Court say that the Myosan of JongJung’s can sell by means of the majority vote of not total member but presenting members. The mumber of JongJung’s is too many to participate in meeting, but only a small number of people attended the meeting. It means that it is too easy to sell the mountain that is lied ancestor’s grave. It is needed prohibiting to sell Myosan to others. But because Myosan is private property, prohibiting to sell Myosan is contrary to the constitutional provision. In this Paper, I insist that the owner of Myosan should donate his Myosan to charitable trust. Korea have trust law but don’t have law of charitable trust. Korea government shall make the law. If Korea government make the law, many of JongJung can use the law.
민사법의 이론과 실무학회 민사법의 이론과 실무 제16권 제2호 2013.06 pp.71-105
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7,800원
The purpose of Trademark System is to contribute to the development of industry and to protect the interest of consumers by maintaining the business reputation of those persons using trademarks through the protection of trademarks. Trademark rights should belong to the person who has used the trademark for a long time and has accumulated the reputation of trade. Under the current Trademark Act, without application and registration of Trademark even though somebody has used the Trademark, he cannot be protected as the Trademark holder, the one who filed and registered the same of similar Trademark has the right as the Trademark owner. The problem is how to deal with the case that a person knew the fact a Trademark used by another person and widely known was not registered and filed and registered the Trademark and claims Trademark infringement the original user. The supreme court regard this kind of exercise of right as abuse of Trademark right. The court says “to be under the abuse of trademark rights, not needed is the subjective requirement which means that the purpose of exercise of trademark is to cause pain and harm to the other party without interest to the right user.” That is not accorded with the main stream of supreme court’s attitude. That standpoint is not understandable. The Trademarks which supreme court regarded as abuse of right were all nullified or cancelled before the decision. regarding to it, it is the problem that the court in charge of the infringement can decide the invalidity of the trademark. Until now, there is no case dealt with it, in patent infringement case the supreme court says that when the registered patent has the cause of invalidity it is possible. There is an opinion that the theory can be adapted to the trademark case. The general principle of abuse of rights is acknowledged when the right itself is legal, valid and flawless, and prohibition of abuse of rights does not mean the deprive or restraint but mean that only the limitation of the way of exercise of th right. But the in the case of abuse of patent right, it is clear and evident that the patent has the cause of invalidity. In this case, the patent right is to disapprove, the protection by injunction or infringement cannot be approved. Considering these, there are natural difference between abuse of patent having cause of invalidity and general that of right. So it has theoretical problem to treat these case as abuse of right.
6,700원
Zu den Werken der bildenden Künste gehören sowohl die klassischen Kunstwerke im herkömmlichen Sinne wie auch die Baukunst, die angewandte Kunst sowie Entwürfe solcher Werke. Der Begriff der Kunst ist noch nicht eindeutig festgesetzt, trotzdem §2 Nr. 2 UrhG ist maßgeblich. Danach muss ein Kunstwerk persönliche geistige Schöpfung sein. Urheberrechtlich geschützt sind nicht nur Lichtbildwerke, die persönlich geistige Schöpfungen sind, sondern auch bloße Lichtbilder, welch die Bedingungen nach §2 Nr. 2 UrhG nicht befriedigen können. Beim Schutzumfang eines Lichtbildwerks handelt es sich darum, dass das fotografierte Motiv vorgegeben ist und mit technischen Mitteln aufgenommen ist. Im Gegensatz zum Maler bestimmt der Fotograf nicht die Umrisse einer Person oder eines Gegenstands. Nach §72 deutsches UrhG werden nicht nur Lichtbilder, sondern auch Erzeugnisse, welch ähnlich wie Lichtbilder hergestellt sind, in entsprechender Anwendung der für Lichtbildwerke geltenden Vorschriften geschützt. Maßgeblich ist diese Bestimmung auch im Fall des koreanischen UrhG.
7,600원
Man steht bei internationalen Dopingfällen vor einem Problemstellungen aus privaten und staatrechtlichen Normen. Wenn der Staat in den Kampf gegen Doping eingreift, bleibt das hauptsätzlich den Sportorganisationen überlassen. Die Strafgewalt der Vereine darf nur angewendet werden, um den Vereinszweck zu schützen und fördern. Dopingnormen und Maßnahmen verfolgen Ziele wie die Chancengleichheit der Sportler im Wettkampf, die Gesundheit der Sportler. Das Verbot von Doping entspricht den Interessen der Sportler und Verbänden. Die Rechtfertigungsgrund der Strafgewalt der Sportverbände beruht auf der Einwilligung des Sportlers. Von der Einwilligung werden die Satzungen angewendet auf Sportler und Sportverbände. Das Vertragsverhältnis zwischen Berufsspieler und Verein als Arbeitsvertrag zu qualifizieren ist. Im Zusammenhang mit dem Doping kann drei Probleme gestellt werden. Erstens, ohne Einwilligung des Sportlers werden er durch Vereinverantwortliche gedopt, zweitens, erfolgt Doping im Einvernehmen zwischen Verein und Sportler, drittens, dopt sich ein Sportler selbst allein ohne Wissen des Vereins. Wenn ein Sportler ohne seine Einwilligung durch Vereinsverantwortliche gedopt, löst Schadensersatz durch die Körperverletzung und letzlich die Lösung des Vertragsverhältnisses aus. Wenn ein Sportler ohne Wissen seines Sportverbändes selbst gedopt wird, verletzt er Arbeitsvertrag. Wenn bei einer Sperre wegen Doping der Sportler an der Wettkampf nicht teilnehmen kann, ist die Minderung des Vergütungsanspruches zu prüfen. Die richterliche Überprüfung der Dopingsprren von der Verbände wird nicht leicht angenommen, da Vereinsautonomie und Vereinsfreiheit da sind. Die Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit wird in Dreifällen beruhend auf Statuten, einem Vertrag oder einer Schiedsvereinbarung anerkannt. Wem die Beweilast zugehört, spielt die Risikospäre eine große Role. Nimmt ein Spieler außerhalb der Risikosphäre des Spielers Dopingmittel ein, wird er aus der Beweislast entlastet. In diesem Bereich ist die Anwendung der Prinzip Prima-Facie-Beweises nicht mehr gültig.
부산대학교 경암기부금 소송판결(대판 2012.10.25.선고 2011다61370)의 쟁점과 분석
민사법의 이론과 실무학회 민사법의 이론과 실무 제16권 제2호 2013.06 pp.169-194
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6,400원
In Korea gab es ein interssantes Fall, d.h. eine Prozessfuehr ung vom Spender gegen Pusan-National-Universitaet. Es dau ert solange bis zur Verurteilung des koreanischen BGH. Das Ergebnisn des Prozesses ist wie folgt; Pusan – National - U niversitaet hat den Geldbeitrag des Spenders zweckmaessig n ach der Wille des Spenders gebraucht. Zudem gibt es kein Schenkung unter Auflage zwischen Pus an-National-Univerdity und dem Spender. Dazwischen gibt es nur einen klassischen Schenkensvertrag. Daher hat der Spend er wie folgt behauptet: “Der Schenkensvertrag ist aufgrund der Verratsbehandlug der Pusan-National-Universitaet aufgeloest”. Jedoch hat das Gericht entscheidet, dass Pusan-National-Univ ersitaet ihr Pflicht genug ausgefuehr hat. Darauf kommt noch ein wichtiger Punkt: Obwohl das Zweck des Geldbeitrags durch den Spender bestimmt ist, ist dies ein nebengeschaefte Sache. Dies ist kein Grund fuer Ungueltigkeit des Schenkensvertrags. Durch diesem Fall kann man denken daran dass, nicht nur Spender sondern auch Pusan-National- Universitaet alle mehr sorgfaeltig sein. Obwohl Pusan-Nationa l-Universitaet in diesem Prozess gewinnt hat, kann Pusan-Nat ional-Universitaet die Zwangsvollstreckung gegen den Spender faktisch nicht durchfuehren. Auch der Speder soll die die Une hre tragen, obwohl er schon viele Beitagsgeld der Pusan-Nati onal University abgegeben hat. Der Spender sollte die reine und anfaengliche Wille nicht ve rgessen, und auch sollte Pusan-National- Universitaet die Dur chsichtigkeit im Bezug auf den Ausgeben des Beitagsgeldes s icherstellen. Durch diesem Fall ist es gewuenscht, dass die K ultur des Beitagsgeldes in Korea mehr gereift wird.
6,300원
The current Civil Procedure Code Article 374, which was newly established at the time when the Civil Procedure Code was completely revised in 2002, prescribed that “as other kind of evidence, the investigation of evidence rather than the documents like things made to contain “drawings, photos, recording tapes, video tapes, magnetic disc for computer, and other information shall be determined by the Supreme Court Rules in accordance with the Rules of Section 3 or Section 5.” This is understood that given the potential appearance of new media, it opens possibilities to use appropriate method of investigation including documentary evidence, verification, and valuation. Rules of Civil Procedure Article 120 prescribes that if message information or drawings and photos are evidential matter, its output documents should be submitted and Article 121 prescribes that the investigation of evidence on the media to be reproduced by recording voice or video relies on verification. Electronic Litigation Act Article 13 specifically specifies the methods of investigating evidence that the electronic document itself is the method of evidence rather than the media containing the electronic document. Rules of Civil Procedure Article 32 and Article 33 implements Electronic Litigation Act Art. 13, but does not prescribe which the evidence investigation of electronic document belongs to, either documentary evidence or verification, expressly. This seems to focus on prescribing the evidence investigation method of electronic documents to avoid practical confusions as precisely as possible. And the legal characteristics can be interpreted as having the purpose to open many interpretive possibilities considering the review of the future technological development or the whole Civil Procedure Code. In paper document procedure, as the original copy of the electronic document printed from a device cannot be filed as records, so it can be seen as verification. But, in electronic document procedure, as the electronic document is directly seen from a computer monitor and filed into the storage folder of recordings in an electronic way as the method of evidence like the other documents, this method of evidence should be seen as documentary evidence. And if voice information or video information can be filed as it is, the evidence investigation procedure of electronic document should comply with the submission of original copy for investigating evidence as the system for documentary evidence, rules of procedure and of evidence including Order to Present/Submit Documents, for this type of evidence investigation is not different from the document information. But, for special circumstances like when there are too much amount of electronic documents or when it’s difficult to decode, the evidence investigation by verification or valuation is possible by an authorized person’s or a party’s application.
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