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With the recent significant advancements in AI technology, the internal and external environment of interpretation education is rapidly changing. In particular, the generative AI tool ChatGPT-4 has shown a remarkable improvement compared to previous versions. Given these developments, this study aims to explore ways to integrate AI technology into professional interpretation education. To this end, the study will first analyze the performance of AI interpreters at present and compile recent AI-based interpretation research published in academia. Using these observations, the study will explore the feasibility of applying AI tools to professional interpretation practice. Second, the study seeks to provide opportunities for interpretation professionals to leverage these technological advancements to enhance their capabilities by proposing methods to integrate AI technology into future interpretation education programs. In doing so, the study aims to offer an understanding of how AI technology can complement and expand human linguistic and non-linguistic abilities and provide important insights into the future development direction of the interpretation field.

Generative AI has revolutionized machine translation (MT) by enabling customizable outputs through prompt engineering. Unlike traditional neural machine translation (NMT) systems such as Google Translate and DeepL, which rely on predefined translation patterns, models like GPT-4 allow users to refine translation quality through different prompting strategies. This study examines the impact of Zero-shot, Few-shot, Style-specific, and Step-by-step prompting on translation quality and evaluates the effectiveness of Auto Prompt Optimization (APO) in further enhancing performance. Using GPT-4, translations were conducted for Korean-to-English, Japanese, Chinese (Ko→En, Ja, Zh) language pairs. The study assessed BLEU, TER, and COMET scores to measure accuracy, fluency, and semantic consistency. Results show that Few-shot and Step-by-step prompting significantly improve translation quality, while APO further enhances BLEU scores and reduces TER values across all prompting types. Findings also indicate that prompt effectiveness varies by language pair, emphasizing the need for language-specific prompt strategies. This study provides empirical evidence of how prompt engineering influences AI translation quality and offers strategic guidelines for optimizing translation performance.

This essay provides a multifaceted analysis of the evolving landscape of translation and the changing role of human translators in the age of Generative AI. The first chapter introduces key issues by exploring how AI has replicated and surpassed human cognitive capabilities. The second chapter examines the rise of AI-driven automation in the context of Karl Marx’s anti-capitalist critique, highlighting its impact on the depreciation of human translation labor. The third chapter draws on Albert Camus’s existentialist view of Sisyphus to put an optimistic interpretation on the act of translation. The fourth chapter adopts a critical posthumanist framework to discuss the wider implications of the translation network increasingly dominated by AI agents (machine translators). The fifth chapter explores the potential of a “post-translation” or “post-translator” perspective, focusing on emerging phenomena such as “flattening” and “paratranslation.” The sixth chapter delves deeply into the cyborgization of human-machine translation and its ethical implications. Specifically, this chapter envisions “translation trademark symbols” (e.g., TRANSLATION™, TRANSLATION®) and discusses how Lawrence Venuti’s notion of visibility gains renewed significance in the AI era.

This study explores the feasibility of incorporating cohesion as an evaluation criterion beyond the sentence level inmachine translation assessment. To this end, the study employed Coh-Metrix to measure the cohesion of English translations produced by Google Translate, DeepL, and ChatGPT for 68 Korean editorials, focusing on three criteria: pronouns, connectives, and repetition. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test were conducted to determine whether there were significant differences in cohesion among the machine translation engines. The results revealed differences in content word overlap, latent semantic cohesion between adjacent sentences, and the distribution of given and new information across translation outputs. Additionally, variations were observed in the frequency of temporal and additive connectives, as well as in the occurrence of first-person singular and plural pronouns. A detailed analysis of cases with significant differences showed that, while individual sentences may appear accurate, the translations sometimes failed to convey the original meaning accurately within a larger context, potentially hindering reader comprehension. This study is significant in that it moves beyond traditional sentence-level evaluations and suggests the potential for incorporating cohesion as a criterion in machine translation assessment.

This study examines the translation strategy of culturemes in the English subtitle of Parasite, a Korean movie by director Bong Joon-ho. The multi-award winning black comedy deals with the conflict between the rich and the poor, a topic which people in every culture can relate to. Together with the timely theme, the film’s English subtitle is considered to have contributed to its global success. This study shows that Darcy Paquet, the subtitle translator of Parasite, carefully chose the translation strategy working in close cooperation with the director. The interviews and press clips on the translator and the director revealed that they actively communicated on how to translate the local elements in the movie into English subtitle so that audiences in other cultures can easily understand the movie, which is the macro translation strategy. This paper categorized 22 culturemes in the movie into 5 groups and found out that 6 different tactics under 2 broad categories of conservation and substitution were used for translation. The analysis shows that although various tactics were used at the micro level, the subtitle as a whole worked in a way to enhance the understanding of foreign audiences, with the aim of domestication at the macro level.

Onomatopoeia is a difficult constituent in translation because it has different characteristics which prevent source and target text readers from communicating each other. Most of target text readers are unable to have knowledge to understand connotations of the exotic onomatopoeia elements in the source text. Accordingly the translator has to be a mediator to bridge the gap in understanding onomatopoeic expressions and help the target text readers to share the equivalent connotations of them. The purpose of this paper is to examine the translation problems in translating Korean poetry texts into English ones by focusing on onomatopoeic expressions which appear in the translation process. This paper has shown that the poetic phrases of Korean related to onomatopoeic expressions are translated into those of English by various strategies, for example, paraphrase, substitution and omission which have active and diverse compensation mechanisms.

Ever since the “cultural turn” in Translation Studies it has been commonplace to state that translation is an act of cultural mediation and Translation Studies have been emphasis on cultural history and the role and function of translation in the broader socio-cultural context. Culture-bound terms refer to “concepts, institution and proper names, food items, place names and objects”. and the translation of culture- bound terms to be one of the most challenging tasks to be performed by a translators. Also the translation problem arises because of culutre-specific elements. Thus, it is very important to find the most appropriate methods to translate such terms.In the intercultural communication, the translator is like the traveller who becomes a cultural mediator who connect between cultures. Also translator should be not just bilingual but bicultural in order to fully understand the source text and to be able to transmit it to the target audience.This paper aims at analyzing culture-bound terms in “KOREANA”: A quaterly on Korean art & Culture issued from 2005 until spring, 2008 to see the translation methods which were taken by translators to narrow the gap between different cultures.The result of the analysis showed that the translators prefered to the ‘minimum’ change method and ‘foreignizing’ methods in translating culture-bound terms to preserve the richness of the source language text for the target language audience.

This paper introduces and explains the general concept of “cultural translation” put forward by Homi K. Bhabha. As opposed to the traditional concept of translation (simply put, a linguistic transfer or substitution), Bhabha’s translation is concerned with “negotiation between [hybrid] cultures” and “the condition and process of human migration.” This paradigmatic nature of cultural translation enables translation researchers to reflect on its four theoretical values. First and foremost, it helps Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory to better conceptualize the so-called translation field. Second, it fills some voids left by polysystem theory. Third, it intrinsically emphasizes the importance and relevance of a “top-down” translation. Fourth, its interdisciplinarity has great potential to extend the depth and breadth of translation studies.

In undergraduate interpreter training, students are more likely to encounter bilateral interpreting between two working languages than conference interpreting, either during their studies or future careers. However, dialogue interpreting classes often present challenges due to students' limited linguistic competence and lack of subject knowledge. To address these difficulties, this study explores how students use generative AI to create dialogue scripts for interpreting practice, focusing on prompt literacy, AI-generated text features, and learners' perceptions. Students worked in small groups to generate weekly dialogue scripts on assigned topics using ChatGPT. These scripts were then enacted in class as role-plays, with each student taking a participant's role. Spontaneous interpreting was performed by other students selected by the instructor. Each group submitted full logs of their prompts and AI-generated outputs weekly and completed a survey at the end of the semester. The findings indicate that students' prompting strategies generally aligned with expert techniques and improved over time. The generated scripts proved suitable as source texts for interpreting exercises, requiring only minor revisions. Furthermore, the dialogues displayed a strong sense of realismand authenticity, enhancing learner immersion and engagement. Overall, students responded positively to the use of ChatGPT in script preparation. This study highlights the pedagogical potential of generative AI in undergraduate interpreter education.

This paper tries to analyse translation criticism on published books, using concept and sub-categories of translation norms. Analysed in this paper translation criticism divided into shcolars’ (but not in translation studies area) and general readers’. Translation norms as an analysing tool consist of 1) adequacy vs. acceptability, 2) translation policy, 3) directness 4) matricial norm 5) text-linguistic norm. Results are as follows: scholars’ criticism tends to focus on adequacy (accordance with source text culture), whereas general readers point out insufficient acceptability(accordance with source text culture); it seems that translation policy and directness are not the main concern in translation criticism; adequacy vs. acceptability norm is closely related with matricial and text-linguistic norm. The difference of scholars’ and general readers’ criticism tendency implies that different views possibly exist between various reader groups. This point needs further examination. Close relationship between adequacy vs. acceptability and matricial vs. text-linguistic norm also needs further research. The latter may be concrete basis for the former. It it is confirmed, we can make the analysing tool more simple. As for general readers, it is observed that readers, publishing companies and tranlators interact very actively on Internet sites. Although based on limited examples, this paper shows current state of translation criticism by Korean readers.