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Summarizing has long been a subject of great attention in the field oflanguage education as a learning/reading strategy, which helpslearners/readers better understanding a text and recalling the mainideas. On the other hand, it has not obtained much attention in thetranslation and interpretation field. Summarizing and translating/interpreting resemble each other in that both involve a complexdeep-level cognitive processing at macrostructure levels of thetext/speech, and so both are not easy tasks at all. This paper examines the usefulness of summarizing or gist-writing intranslation and interpretation. 24 undergraduate translation studentsengaged in an experiment in which they were divided into apre-summary and post-translation experimental group and apre-translation and post-summary control group and were tested ontheir summarizing, translation, and recalling abilities. It has been foundthat writing a summary/gist before translating results in a bettertranslation and it also helps better recalling the gist of the text. Thisfinding lends support to a need to introduce summarizing/gist-writingto translation/interpretation teaching, especially at the beginning level,for the sake of more effective training and the higher-quality product.

This paper examines strategies and techniques of sentence segmentationby professional interpreters and translators when processing boundaryof sentences through cases shown in the “Major Speeches & LiteratureCollection Marking the 20th Anniversary of the Establishment ofKorea-China Diplomatic Ties”. The result of research has shown thattranslators of the “Major Speech Collection” complied with sentenceboundaries and markers of ST as far as possible, but minimized theirsegmentations when inevitable. Since the structure of Chinese complexsentences is longer and different from that of Korean, sentencesegmentation was more generally utilized in Chinese-Korean translation. In Chinese, sentences were segmented where the meaning of a sentencewas altered, such as topics, comments and relations rather than tangiblemarkers. In Korean, however, it was confirmed that sentences weresegmented at connective endings or adnominal endings. These featurescan be used as references for other translators or future translators. Nonetheless, in terms of the use of connective markers in betweensegmented sentences, readability is somewhat lessened as a result offollowing the ST, therefore supplementation of connective markers isrequired after altering boundaries. Furthermore, the technique of alteringsentence boundary is to be expanded as a more universal translatingstrategy in the future by contrasting it with other languages.

This paper presents some grammatical traits of Korean, which are distinct from those of English. In particular, we deal with twogrammatical differences between Korean and English; one is empathyor point of view, and the other is incident-orientedness. It will beargued in our analysis that the empathy is mobile or variable inKorean, while it is fixed in English. This mobility of empathy inKorean is believed to control the peculiarities of Korean usage in thegrammatical category such as tense and reflexive pronoun. Also, it willbe revealed in our analysis that the appearance of the Korean pluralparticle ‘-deul’ depends upon the speaker’s recognition of the givenincident, irrespective of its actual plurality, which is completely different from the English plural ending ‘-s’ whose correctness can be testified by the objective procedure outside the language. These grammatical differences of the two languages should be considered in the translation of them.

In Japanese, the “～ni tsuite wa (regarding～)” form comprises thetopic particle “wa” to the phrase particle “～ni tsuite (regarding～)”. The for the “ni tsuite” form is used when a specific topic is discussedbetween the speaker and listener, or when a description is made withinthe boundary of a definition. Likewise, “wa” performs the function ofcontrasting the meanings, limiting the topic to a specific extent, as isdone by “eun” or “neun,” auxiliary particles (or determinatives) in theKorean language. In practice, the “～ni tsuite wa” form, composed byadding “wa” to the “～ni tsuite” form, is in many cases interchangeablewith the simple “wa” , without causing any alterations in grammar ormeaning. This paper examines the uses of the two forms, in which thetwo perform the same function of indicating a specific and limited nounor subject, thereby proposing the use of the topic particle “wa” intranslation and interpreting, for a simpler and more accurate use oflanguage.

This thesis discusses Linshu, who was, along with Yanfu, one of the most important translators during the period of the modernization of China. The thesis attempts to show the reason why Linshu, who didnot have knowledge of foreign languages, became a leading translatorby considering his achievements, his translation theory, his translationmethods and evaluation of him as a translator. Linshu translated onehundred and sixty two novels from eleven countries. The novels includethose of influential writers such as William Shakespeare, CharlesDickens, Leo Tolstoy, H. Rider Haggard, Arthur Conan Doyle,Alexandre Dumas, Miguel de Cervantes and Daniel Defoe, whose worksare known for their artistic quality and popularity. Despite the fact thatLinshu translated novels jointly with co-translators, Linshu monopolizedthe limelight. The reason is that he put priority on readability, doingaway with the Christian thought difficult for Chinese readers’consumption, adding footnotes if deemed necessary, and verifying thetrue meaning of the original text when in doubt with the help of theoral translators. His translations came to be called ‘Linshu translatedNovels’. Before the May Fourth Movement, Linshu was credited withhaving instilled the ideas of freedom and equality in Chinese readers. But since then, he was criticized for having been an old-fashionedfeudalist, a worshipper of literary Chinese, and for having producedmistranslations as well as inappropriate literary expressions. The unfavorable reviews of his works seem attributable to the fact that hehad translated novels that did not belong to the established genres of Chinese literature. Nevertheless, he is well known by Chinese readersfor having raised awareness of the West through a variety of modernWestern novels and helped establish the status of novels in Chinese literature, thereby contributing to the development of modern Chinese literature.

This paper aims to explore current issues in translator training to further suggest future research topics in this field. Despite its significance in advancing the development of translation studies,research attention on translation and translator pedagogy has beenrelatively scarce. In order to meet the growing needs of researchers andpractitioners in terms of effective teaching methods, this paper offers anoverview of current issues regarding translation education: what toteach, how to teach, with what result. Curriculum-related articles areanalyzed for the issue of what to teach in the translation classroom,and task-based teaching approach is examined to be recommended forefficient translator training. Lastly, major problems and suggestionswith regard to translation assessment are discussed in depth. Acomprehensive literature review and some proposals for future researchin this paper will help fill a void in the literature on translation training.

This paper explores the readability of Internet websites owned and operated by small and medium sized Korean enterprises (SMEs). SMEsplay an important role in the Korean economy because of theirabundance and the employment opportunities they provide. In anexport-driven economy like Korea’s, many SMEs target overseasbuyers, and thus often operate their own English-language websites tomarket products and communicate with customers. Acknowledging thatcompany websites must present information in an accurate, attractive,and concise manner and that translation of these websites also have todeliver the same function as their originals do, this paper examines 20sites to identify elements that could potentially hamper their readability. At the word, sentence, and textual levels, many cases confirm thatthese websites are flawed semantically and grammatically, unnatural,and in some cases incomprehensible. These issues not only affect thereadability of a company’s website, but can also undermine thebusiness’ credibility and image. Systemized editing and proofreadingsupport and further research on text convention of the websites are required.

This paper examines some basic ideas on the assessment of translated texts of literary works and defends the idea of it. For the assessment, acertain degree of sensibility seems to be required that can cope withsome ambiguities existent in translation. In this respect, assessingtranslated texts asks for close reading and critical interpretation of boththe original texts and their translations. The category of fidelity,considered ‘outmoded’ since the so-called ‘cultural turn’, is ascertainedthrough the ideas of translation proposed by such deconstructionists asSpivak and Derrida. While acknowledging the two categories of fidelityand readability as requisite for assessing the translations of literaryworks, this paper tries to understand readability as a subcategory offidelity. It ends with a suggestion that the classical definition ofcriticism as a practice to see things as they really are and in terms ofthe best, holds effective in the assessment of translated literary texts.

This article employed temporal variables including pause, syllables perminute, and speech proportion to examine the information processesinvolved in consecutive interpretation from English into Korean. Acomputer-aided analysis of an actual news conference via consecutiveinterpretation revealed that the interpreter, using some 60% of the timespent by the speaker, produced more syllables than the speaker with ahigher speech proportion than the speaker. As the speech proportion ofthe interpreter generally does not exceed that of the speaker insimultaneous mode due to the more complex processing load by theinterpreter than the speaker, this clearly shows that the cognitive loadinvolved in consecutive interpretation is lighter than that ofsimultaneous mode. The interpreter maintained the same level of pausesand speech proportion interpreting a speech without a script when sheprocessed a speech with a script secured in advance. A statisticallysignificant relationship among these temporal variables of the interpreterand the speaker demonstrates that they can be reliable research tools inscrutinizing the cognitive process of consecutive interpretation

This paper aims at studying the public-sector translation systems in European Union, finding possible implications to be utilized in launchinga similar system in Korea. To this end, European Union (‘EU’)Commission Directorate-General for Translation, Centre of Translationfor the Bodies of the EU, and EU Council General Secretariat LanguageService will be contrasted to identify their respective organizational andstructural characteristics. This contrast shall consider workflows towarrant quality translation, and the recruitment and role definition oftranslators. Specifically, the first part of the paper will definepublic-sector translation, describe its current state in Korea, anddiscuss the need to study the scope of this particular aspect oftranslation. The second part will look at the three aforementionedorganizations focusing on the principle behind the operation of multipleorganizations, systems to warrant translation quality control, and therole of and support for translators along these lines. The last part willconclude by stressing a need for having a single government entityspecializing in the standardization of the public-sector translation inplace, a need to establish a structural support system to help warrantquality translation, and a need to define translators’ role moreaggressively in order to allow greater involvement and responsibility inthe entire translation process.

This study aims to discover and objectify the current practice of selecting and assessing the difficulty of source texts(STs) used ininterpreter education. A small-scale survey with 13 interpreting teachersin the Korean-English department was conducted. The questionnaireused in the survey comprised questions on sources of STs, formats,text types, selection criteria and personal experiences related to STselection. The results showed that a typical ST would come from theInternet, via reading of a written text, and that formal speeches andeditorials were the most frequently used text types. Student levels andflow of logic were considered the most important criteria in selectingSTs, but majority of the participants had experience where their choiceof ST was ineffective due to failed judgment of ST difficulty level. Asfor factors deemed to affect ST difficulty, target language expressionranked top in AB interpreting and flow of logic in BA.