Earticle

This study conducted a questionnaire survey in an attempt to find out how interpreters evaluate their interpretation when interpreting to their ‘B’ language, particularly to English. In order to compare the similar situations of Korea and Japan, the same questionnaire employed by Professor Lim in her study was used in this study. Majority of respondents (more than 80% of the participants have experience of interpreting more than 1,000 times) answered that 30-50% of their job assignments are to interpret from Japanese to English. Only 19% of the interpreters in the survey responded that the interpretation into English is easier to perform and 54% said that the interpretation from Japanese into English does not pose any relative difficulty. The study found the following points of interest: 1) 35% of the participants answered that it is difficult to interpret Japanese into English because of the ambiguities of Japanese original text. 2) 14% of the respondents said that the syntactic differences between Japanese and English pose difficulty in the case of simultaneous interpretation. 3) Four participants argued that interpretation training into the English language should be reinforced. 4) Many interpreters mentioned that they perform their interpretation work with anxiety because there are not any clear-cut solutions to the situations described in this study.

This paper considers three pragmatic criteria crucial to the translation process of referring expressions in Simultaneous Interpretation based on coherence, relevance, and eaningfulness. Then it is argued that the meaningfulness criterion is more preferable than the others. This criterion is defined in terms of the interpreter’s attempt to reduce overall processing cost and to adjust the production to meet the hearers’ abilities and preferences. The criterion allows for greater flexibility in describing the interaction among decoding, assigning referent, and translation in real time. It also provides an explanation of how the interpreter evaluates one candidate as adequate and the others as inadequate, when there is more than one translation candidate.

The current article examines data gathered from 68 interpreter trainees using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), a widely-recognized personality instrument. This paper includes general background information on the MBTI as well as a detailed review of the interpretation literature on the subject of personality. A multi-faceted discussion of the results focuses on the distribution of personality types within the subject sample in areas such as extraversion/introversion and on differences related to gender and education level. Some stereotypical notions regarding differences between interpreters and translators, for example, are not supported by the current findings. In addition, the analysis provides insight into the personality types of the Chinese, Japanese and Spanish trainees. The article concludes with some observations on the preponderance of “Thinking” females in the study and suggests possible directions for future research.

This study attempts to explore specific cognitive processes involved in simultaneous interpretation with particular emphasis on the working memory and the development of intuition. Recent studies on simultaneous interpretation were extensively analyzed and it was found that transformations rather than simultaneity during the interpretation processes pose more difficulties to the interpreters. Research on bilingual acquisition was reviewed in order to better understand the psycholinguistic characteristics involved in the interpretation. Based on the review of the working memory and its interactions with cerebellum, a new model on the relationship between working memory and simultaneous interpretation was introduced. Finally, theories on the development of intuition were reviewed with a suggestion of further studies.

The purpose of this study is to build a framework of text analysis (TA) for students taking translation courses at the undergraduate level and to seek ways to identify an untapped component in the teaching of translation to be utilized. A brief background introduction is followed by an example taken from translations of published works and exercises done by students to justify the need for a TA component in translation education. The study showed that Halliday's (1991) concepts of field, mode, and tenor of discourse as text analysis criteria proved useful in helping students establish grounds for constructive critique and improve translation skills.

Interpreters must follow the path created by speakers when they are engaging in simultaneous interpretation (SI), which requires all of the interpreter's processing capacity reserving no ability. Therefore the interpreter's real-time strategy for every incoming segment might directly influence the fidelity of the SI. This paper investigates the relations between interpreters' information processing strategy and the accuracy of the sentence. To that end, temporal aspects of two SI in Korean for an English speech broadcasted on Korean TV were examined using voice editing software. Results show that the accuracy of SI by two interpreters was statistically different in that one interpreter omitted more sentences than the other and the quality of the interpreted version was also different. The interpreter who produced better SI spoke faster than the other and the former finished delivering the interpreted version spending the same or less time than the speaker used. The longer ear-voice-span (EVS) brought less satisfactory SI and vice versa. This result shows that the quality of a certain sentence might be sacrificed if interpreters spend more time than allowed in processing the segment. Therefore, one of the most important decisions for an interpreter is when to finish a sentence and move on to the next incoming message.

skills and interpretation. Interpretation is not merely the act of transcoding a message in one language into another, but involves comprehension, analysis and finally presentation. The emphasis in this article will be placed on the output and performance aspect of interpretation. In the case of consecutive interpretation and to a lesser degree simultaneous interpretation, the presentation or delivery of the message can sometimes have as much influence on the message as the contents themselves. By looking at the different aspects of speech communication and blending them with interpretation, this paper will provide some guidelines to improve the communication aspect of interpretation.

Translation competence has been an area that failed to receive much attention in translation studies due to inherent difficulties in research as well as lack of clear definition of translation competence. Recently, however, research in this area is gaining momentum along with active study in translation process. This paper, using TAP, looks into the process of Japanese-Korean translation conducted by professional translators, translation students of GSIT-HUFS (Graduate School of Interpretation and Translation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies) and Japanese language learners. A qualitative analysis is provided on the utterances made by the three groups with different translation competence. As a result, while, translation behaviors such as automation were identified in all of them, specific tendencies were different according to translation competence. Different groups were also found to show different tendencies in the Internet search and translation strategies. The result of this study can be a basis to apply step-by-step approach to enhancing students' translation competence.

The ultimate goal of this paper is to propose a tool in assessing student performance based on quantifiable standards and to use it as a means to better observe the learning process of students in consecutive interpretation. Though subjectivity cannot be ruled out in the assessment process in the sense that performance judgement cannot be totally objectivized, attempts are made in this research to quantify performance by presenting an elaborate assessment model, which can help map out students' performance, their progress and hopefully go as far as to predict their future learning potential and possibility as professional interpreters.

As a dynamic country, communication is for Korea undoubtedly important. In fact, international conferences are often held in Korea because it has the necessary infrastructure to host large international conferences, and this trend will not abate any time soon. Thanks to the established hardware of the international convention industry, the demand for conference interpretation, the software, is growing in tandem. Since the number of international conventions has a direct impact on the demand for conference interpretation it is vital to analyze diverse variables such as the number of international conferences held by continent, by country, by season, by size and by subject in order to make interpretation pedagogy more competitive. The number of international conferences being held in Korea is increasing. Especially the small to medium-sized conferences with about 50-100 attendees. Therefore, it is important to take these factors in consideration when teaching interpretation. In large conferences, fluency of expression and communication needs to be emphasized while for small to medium sized conferences accuracy in content and terminology should be emphasized when teaching interpretation. In order to vitalize conference interpretation, it is important not only to support the hardware of the convention industry like convention centers but also to boost interpretation education, that is the software.

This article is a study of pragmatic aspects of deixis and linguistic politeness in Korean and Chinese. The main thrust of the thesis is that underlying all the diverse politeness phenomena is one basic principle, self-humbling has traditionally been such a highly valued virtue in Korean society that it is not only reflected in to syntactic form. The goal is not so much to theorize as to describe and explain the actual use of deictic elements, especially honorifics, from a politeness perspective, it is important to collect as much relevant data as possible from actual speech acts. Preceding an operational definition of politeness, two types of language function will be defined in order to clarify discussion: the function of conveying informational messages and the function of reinforcing interpersonal relationships. It is admittedly very difficult to compare politeness between and among languages. This is because politeness is a very subtle area of language use that is difficult to describe in one`s own language. It is claimed that the most suitable for conveying informational messages and the informal varieties for maintaining and reinforcing interpersonal relationships.