Earticle

The aim of this study is to analyze two useful educational tools intranslation course for undergraduate level students in Korea. Accordingto many scholars, the translation courses in Korea are result- andprofessor-oriented, often relying on the translation output of a professor. However, many scholars increasingly voice that the translation coursesneed to be student-and process-oriented. Based on the result of thesurvey of Kim(2013), we have supposed that IPDR(Integrated Problemand Decision Reporting) and Peer review, cross-checking programwhich is done in pairs, were the most efficient tools to change thelecturing method from the result- and professor– oriented teachingmethod to the student- and process- oriented teaching method whichultimately leads to progression in students’ translation competence. Consequently, the aim of this study is to analyze the educational valueof these two useful educational tools in translation course forundergraduate level students. Class observation and survey resultsindicate that both tools have allowed students to increase their various translation competencies, leading to effectiveness in conducting studentandprocess-oriented translation training by self –evaluation,self-motivated learning and mutual evaluation by pairs. Despite manymerits, it has been identified that IPDR and cross-checkingmethodology needs to be improved in the following areas; professor’sability to effectively educate students to learn IPDR, simplification ofprocess to address time-consuming cross-check methodology, adjustingthe frequency of IPDR by reflecting the requests from students,developing an evaluation tool for effective cross-checking methodology,and building credibility and consistency in cross-checking. Once theseissues are resolved, these two tools are expected to present significanteducational value.

The objective of this study is to improve educational curricula in agraduate program of translation and interpretation through learners'needs analysis. According to Li (2001, p. 4), “in the planning of anindividual course, learners’ needs must be taken into consideration andtherefore needs assessments should be conducted in order to ensurethat the course is relevant to students needs and the time andresources are best used.” Therefore, this study was conducted withtwenty six students of Korean-Spanish Department of Graduate Schoolof Interpretation and Translation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studiesduring the period from November 2014 to March 2015. The surveycomprised 62 questions in six major categories: the respondents’personal information, their language acquisition background information,their translation and interpretation experience, their perception oftranslator and interpreting curriculum and their needs as translation andinterpretation students.

This paper aims to explore the relationship between translationese andreadability. Translationese has been deemed as negative because ithampers the authenticity of target language culture and lowers thereadability of target text. While this paper agrees with such criticism, itquestions whether readers can actually recognize translationese in agiven text, and therefore, experience low readability. In order to answerthe question, a survey was conducted with 31 college students. Thesurvey provided 27 sentences and one passage that involvetranslationese and asked the students to check if they felt the givensentence read clear, natural or unnatural. The responses showed thatthe students did not necessarily evaluate readability lower fortranslationese. While many of them recognized translationese thatreflects syntactic differences between the source and the targetlanguages, they, at an individual level, did not show consistency inevaluating readability for translationese. The results of this study implythat the relationship between translationese and readability needs to beexamined from the reader's point of view, and specific types orcategories of translationese that harm readability more than others needto be further identified in order to improve the translation quality.

Community interpreters, who enable migrants to access communityservices removing language and cultural barriers, work in a wide rangeof professional fields such as immigration, asylum, healthcare, lawenforcement, court and education. Given that the interpreters’competence is closely connected with the quality of communityinterpreting service and migrants’ access to public services, theprofessional standards which apply to the practice of communityinterpreters deserve scholarly attention. Based on the review of relevantliterature, this paper examines one of the major issues discussed in theexisting literature, namely the complexity of community interpreters’role. As community interpreters often face conflicting demands andexpectations with respect to their role, without proper training, theymay easily succumb to such pressures. Community interpreters do notjust interpret linguistic message but also mediate cultural differenceswhich may hamper communication between people from differentlinguistic and cultural backgrounds. Their role, however, may be refineddepending on the context where the interpreter-mediated interactionstake place, including the purpose of communication, the employmentstatus, and so on. This paper argues that community interpreters’mediation should take place according to the professional standards andshould not compromise their professional ethics and identity. Itconcludes that the professionalization of community interpreting canserve migrant empowerment and community services in South Korea.

Translation is a dynamic communication process that links disparatelanguages, societies, and cultures. Holding such perspective in regard tothe act of translation, this paper aims to analyze the phenomenaobserved in translation of columns, the writings of which the purpose isto powerfully advance an opinion and to persuade the reader. A column,synonymous to a newspaper editorial, is a text characterized by itsdemonstrative argument. Its object is to enlighten and to persuade thereader; it coordinates the reader’s opinion in the direction that thewriter intends. The social function of a column is to grasp, gather, andreflect consensus so as to raise an issue and then influence formationof a new consensus. However, for translation, an act in which theTarget Text (TT) reader’s system of knowledge and empiricalfoundation are different from those of the Source Text (ST), evidenceprovided and rhetoric of persuasion brought forth under the premise ofshared context can become ineffective. Thus, the translator must searchfor alternative methods to achieve the same communicative effect thatthe ST intends onto the TT. As a result, expressions, forms, structures,and various kinds of shift which are not found in ST can be found inthe TT. The subject of this analysis is a column that justified Russia’s causeon the Ukraine crisis, which began to rise as a concern in November 2013 and now has become the biggest issue in Russia and Europe. Korean readers do not share the particular history, social paradigm ofknowledge, or cultural experience that Russian readers possess. Thispaper examines which translation tactics were employed to argue forRussia’s justification and to win the reader’s consent by comparing theRussian ST column with the translated Korean TT. Critical discourseanalysis (CDA), which considers the use of language in line with thediscourse and the society and cultural customs to which the discoursebelongs, is the method of analysis applied in this paper; it will combineboth a holistic approach on the textual structure and a microscopicapproach on individual vocabulary.

This paper explores theoretical and practical developments in the typesof bilingual writing related with self-translation, especially in thecontext of writing subject and object, environment, and modes andlanguages. And it attempts to trace the definition and key concepts of'self-writing', 'bilingual writing', and their relationship in terms of'rewriting', 'quality assessment and evaluation', and 'self-translator.'Self-translation presumes bilingualist and bilingual writing, but not viceversa. Also discussed are the classical case studies of Samuel Backetteand Ahn Junghyo's self translation strategies and their text productions,which have largely influenced on the recognition change of source-textoriented translation norms and the concepts of faithful translationstrategy. Therefore the performance of 'self-translation' and 'bilingualwriting' has opened the various potentials of text interpretation likeauthorship, autonomy, intertextuality, value and completeness of works. To sum up, it has so-called the power of overthrow the conventionaltranslation studies and its theories. Finally this paper also providespotential directions and possibilities for future development and statusof bilingual writing and self-translation in multicultural societies.

This paper aims to provide empirical data on the disfluencyphenomenon observed in consecutive and simultaneous interpreting bytrainee interpreters and identify potential differences in disfluencycharacteristics by interpreting mode. Ten target text(TT)s produced bytrainee interpreters (five consecutive and five simultaneousinterpretations) were collected and compared for their disfluencycharacteristics. Following a literature review, a total of seven disfluencyaspects were chosen as relevant for the analysis of TTs produced bytrainee interpreters. They include total duration ratio, articulation rate,phonation/time ratio, silent pauses, fillers, repetitions and repairs. Theresults showed that the TTs produced in the two modes of interpretingwere similar in terms of the total duration ratios and the averagelengths of silent pauses and fillers. However, the TTs demonstrateddiscrepancies depending on the mode of interpreting in the remainingdisfluency aspects measured in this study. It was found that thesimultaneous TTs showed a higher degree of disfluency than theconsecutive ones with slower rates of articulation, lower phonation/timeratios and more frequent pauses. On the other hand, the consecutiveTTs were marked with higher proportions of more interruptive,intra-meaning unit pauses and had more frequent fillers, repetitions andrepairs than the simultaneous TTs. Such differences in disfluencycharacteristics between the two interpreting modes may lead to a better understanding of the different types of difficulties that traineeinterpreters encounter.

This study investigates how postcolonial ideology, reflected in JamesJoyce’s novel, A portrait of the artist as a young man, is translatedinto its two Korean versions. The Korean texts selected for analysisare translations by Yoo and Kim. This study uses Fairclough’s CriticalDiscourse Analysis framework to identify the text’s postcolonialideological linguistic strategies. It makes a comparative analysis of thetext's two Korean translations. This study is composed of threesections: the discourse of the Irish priests, the discourse of the EnglishDean of Studies, and the discourse of Stephen. To analyze thetranslation process more in depth, the translation of ideology shown inthe two translated texts is studied in three aspects: reproduction ofideology, elimination of ideology, and transformation of ideology. Thefindings suggest that Yoo’s translation eliminates and transformspostcolonial ideology of the ST more than Kim's translation does, whileKim’s translation shows heavier reproduction of such ideology thanYoo’s translation does.

In modern times when there were intense contacts between theWestern and Eastern world, translation was a very important tool toaccommodate different cultures and thoughts. At the time, East Asiancountries engaged in translating ‘the West’ in politics, economics andcultures, and this was closely associated with the task of establishingthe identity of a nation. So, the contact between the East and the Westwas made based on the perception of advanced western culture andunderdeveloped oriental culture. Japan actively translated the Westunder the leadership of the government, and became the first to succeedin modernizing among Asian countries through these efforts. In China,the government and intellectuals attempted to translate the Westthrough Chinese Westernized Reform. In contrast, translation of theWest in modern Korea was mainly performed by Western missionariesand intellectuals. The former intended to spread Christianity while thelatter had the purpose of enlightening the people. The intellectuals tookJapan as a model of modernization, resulting in the problem ofretranslating ‘the translated West by Japan’.