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This paper aims to explore the various types of "translationese” found in English-Korean translation and present useful translation strategies that can be employed to enhance the readability of the target language text. First, this study explores and accommodates the diverse perspectives related to translationese. Based on a clearer notion, this paper looks into the individual types of translationese－translationese related to pronouns, plural endings, and non-animate subjects. This paper will also provide "model translations” so as to suggest ways to keep the target language natural in translated texts. The data that serves as a basis for the explanation is taken from the translation of novels; translationese found in such genre often undermines readability, without which a novel cannot serve its function. The author hopes the research will contribute to triggering further discussion on the study of translationese and to offering guideline for those in the translation profession.

This paper aims to suggest the way of translation by discussing the actual process of translating Toni Morrison's Sula. The process of translation is that of compromise in which the translator is obliged to modify the original intentionality in order to solve translation problems. My goal of translation is to fully retrieve ‘the Foreign’ of Sula and to do so is the strategy of foreignization considered the best way. However, the intentionality has been often limited by two kinds of translation problems; untranslatability and receptiveness. Untranslatability is categorized of three levels; cultural, semantic, and linguistic and stylistic. As the three levels show, untranslatability is mainly due to the absence in the target text for the source text or differences of the two texts. My decision to find a solution is the change of intentionality from foreignization to domestication, which sometimes leads to deformation of the source text with interpolation and footnote. Although such solutions vary, it is clearly that they involve the principle, the receptiveness and readiness of the target audience. What I recognize through a painful experience of translating Sula is that the process of compromise is to deepen understanding of black literature. In addition, it is a way to discover how to get into what Berman calls ‘a good translation’ which is to receive ‘the Foreign as Foreign.’

While peer assessment has become a major component in writing classes, both in mother tongue and in a foreign language, translation classes have been relatively slow to adopt this new method of teaching. This study attempts to examine whether peer assessment and critique are a viable method of teaching in the translation classroom. Learners participated in offering written feedback and critique on a translation done by one of their peers. The learner/translator revised the translation based on the feedback from the peers, followed by a presentation/discussion session in which the learners reviewed the revision and made further suggestions for the final draft. An in-depth analysis of the feedback from learners shows that learners are capable of offering detailed, precise, and constructive critique which actually led to a higher translation quality.

This paper is intended to analyze the relation between illocutionary acts and visual codes in TT. The analyzed material uses an American-English film with Korean subtitle, Must Love Dogs(2005). The existing studies on speech acts have mainly been developed in field of linguistics. Those without visual codes were the insipid and static approaches depending on utterance contexts. Visual codes enables us to identify what contents are, what speaker intends to do, and utterance situation, etc. With help of them, we tried to analyze illocutionary acts in TT. As the result of analysis, illocutionary acts utterances work with facial expressions, gestures, and objects on scenes, and these factors help to express messages to TT explicitly. Even though there is a big difference between two languages in terms of structures, features, and stylistics, the implicit meanings in ST transferred to TT clearly. Some of them as illocutionary acts are changed from imperatives to interrogatives, and they showed to be more explicit than utterances of ST. The illocutionary acts which have ambiguous meanings can easily be understood with assistant of visual code contents. The relation between illocutionary acts and visual codes operates in subtitling translation simultaneously and shares some meanings each other.

When a novel comes into the hands of a translator, it can come out very differently from the original due to various factors such as idiomatic expressions, cultural connotations, author’s subjectivity, and even the influence of readership. The Chinese translation from English of the American novel Gone with the Wind is such an example. Through a comparative study of two Chinese translations respectively by Fu Donghua and Li Yeguang, and in the light of reception theory advocated by Jauss and Iser, we reveal how the two translators rewrote their translations with the consideration of readers’ response in mind. What makes their translations different is that Fu regarded the novel as a fascinating romance while Li took it as a realistic and historical novel. Detailed analysis will be carried out regarding the two translators’ distinctive interpretations of the theme, their understanding of major characters and the related translation strategies they adopted. We also show why Fu was criticized for what he has translated. We come to the conclusion that the relevant factors of reception theory have influenced greatly these two translators’ decisions in the process of creating a brand new version of Gone with the Wind.

Translation Studies seems to be in the pursuit of its rightful destination. Should it be a branch of empirical human science, based upon accurate hypothesis and verification? Or rather should it be a science of philosophical, speculative and interpretative descriptions? Several attempts have been made to explicate this matter in more concrete and undeniably persuasive manners with relevant theories and procedures learned from neighboring academic disciplines. Still, however, one can rarely find the very solutions that can encompass, or rather guide all the conflicting discussions witnessed in Translation Studies into the ultimate direction. Taking this situation into account, it is worthwhile to take note of Andrew Chesterman, a scholar from Finland who takes an meta-theoretical approach in Translation Studies. This paper gives an overview of major arguments made by Chesterman, whose basic idea is that Translation Studies can establish itself as a discipline of empirical human science based upon hypothesis and explanation. It then moves on to look at their implications and limitations. Concurrently, this paper intends to look into other points hardly noticed by Chesterman. That is, how, more interpretative and non essentialist discussions can be applicable to the area of Translation Studies.

This paper briefly examines some characteristics of conventions and events and suggests a multi-strata approach to interpretation based on their properties. The international conference and the international event both are international gatherings. However the conference is more academic, and the event is one-time special experience. From the perspective of performative competence, these differences should be incorporated into interpretation, resulting in conference interpretation, event interpretation, or tourism interpretation. These are further typologically specified as Simultaneous, Consecutive, Guide or Escort interpretation, using the sequential division of management, implementing situations, and specific properties of conventions and events. This study consequently shows that for more professional and better qualified results, interpretation should be further specified to include various kinds of communicative situations.

The paper reports a small-scale open-ended survey intended to evaluate the effectiveness of TL-oriented strategies in the translation of tourist texts, as groundwork for a full-fledged reader response study. Tourist texts are classified as a quintessential specimen of operational texts, the main purpose of which is to influence the behavior of the reader by persuading him to act in a certain way, namely, to visit the featured destination of travel. Functional translation theory suggests that with this type of texts, the skopos of translation should be reproducing the persuasive effect of the ST in the TT and that a TL-oriented approach is more effective than a SL-oriented one in achieving the skopos. Nevertheless, the truth of the latter claim cannot be established unless one measures the real effects of both approaches on the reader. The paper's analysis of student reader responses corroborates the claim by showing that the subjects showed overwhelmingly positive responses to the TL-oriented translation version while consistently rating the SL-oriented version as unpersuasive.

This study examines the two most tangible variables in simultaneous interpretation studies, EVS (Ear-Voice Span) and TTS (Tail-to-Tail Span). EVS refers to the time lag between the arrival of the speaker's input to the interpreter and his production of the target message, while TTS is the lag between the ending of the same sentence by a speaker and the conclusion of the translated sentence by the interpreter. A computer-aided analysis of a speech delivered by an American Presidential candidate showed that the length of EVS is 3.66 seconds and that of TTS is 5.34 second, and that they were statistically different yet highly correlated. Longer sentences produced by the speaker increased EVS while longer sentences produced by the interpreter lengthened TTS. Accuracy of the sentences suffered when EVS or TTS were extended presumably due to limitations in the interpreter's working memory. Although the average size of pauses between sentences produced by the speaker was found to be big enough to encompass TTS, a close scrutiny revealed that half of those pauses were long clapping, and that the mean of the pause was significantly shorter than the average. Therefore, often the interpreter could not enjoy the luxury of finishing delivering his own sentence before the arrival of the speaker's next input.

It has often been mentioned in the literature that interpretation and translation studies is a young field and that research has only just recently begun in this discipline. However, a perusal of the research journals belies this statement and also undermines the advances that have been made in the Translation Studies (TS). The purpose of this article is to conduct a meta-analysis of the articles which appeared in Meta, the first interpretation and translation journal to be listed on the Arts and Humanities Citation Index to review the research trends in the field.