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With the growing popularity of broadway musicals and international shows, spawning a multitude of productions all over the world, the importance of lyric translation continues to increase. Lyric translation is a complex task that involves a deliberate balancing of multiple criteria such as singability, sense, naturalness, rhyme, and rhythm (Low, 2003). Despite such growing demand for song translations and the difficulties inherent in producing them, there has been little attention given to the translation of songs among translation researchers and musical producers alike. This negligence has ultimately led to a market that lacks a systematic framework for pricing translation services based on content difficulty and selecting qualified translators accordingly. In this study, a new tool is proposed to determine the level of difficulty involved in the translation of songs. The “SCRIP Index” is defined as the minimum number of syllables required for literal translation in the target language divided by the number of syllables in the source language. This study assessed the level of difficulty of translating the lines of four musical numbers using the Index. After assessing the level of difficulty of translating each line, this study also investigates the strategic choices made by translators to overcome difficulties by analyzing the translations produced by five professional translators and the actual translations used on stage.

While pedagogic translation has undergone many ups and downs, the use of translation in English classrooms in Korea has remained constant due to the uniqueness of the Korean education system. As pedagogic translation is receiving attention once again as an effective language learning tool, the time is ripe for examining recent related discussions in the context of English education in Korea. This paper investigated a variety of recent researches both in Translation and English education studies, and witnessed the shift in the focus of pedagogic translation from acquiring linguistic knowledge to cultivating intercultural mediation skills. The study also reviewed the status and methodologies of pedagogic translation described under the two major approaches to language teaching, Grammar Translation Method and Communicative Language Teaching, and finally briefly dealt with English workbook translations for high school students in Korea as a prime example of Korea-specific pedagogic translation.

As a variety of movements of feminist ideology develop in Korea, the ramifications have spilled over to the social, political, and economic fields. Politically, as Gender Equality Act came into effect, other relevant policies have also been established and changed for gender equality. Socially, a series of social events including #MeToo movements have contributed to creating and strengthening the bond of feminist groups, mainly those in their 20s and 30s who are equipped with purchasing power. Economically, these young feminists have surfaced as a new consumer group, who produce and consume feminist books and items. The literary field is not immune to such movements; as a result, rewriting and retranslating classic novels from the feminist perspective have emerged. As part of such systemic movements, Little Women by Louisa May Alcott has recently been retranslated from the feminist perspective. The analysis outcome of the translation shows that the translator has used more gender neutral words and phrases, described female characters in further detail with specific identities, and made female characters more independent.

Social perceptions of professional interpreters in Korea have changed substantially over time due to many factors such as political, social and economic developments. This study aims to explore changes in social perceptions of interpreters by analyzing how interpreters were described, reported and framed in the newspaper coverage. The data include 826 newspaper articles on interpreters from 72 daily newspapers published between 1948 and 2020 in Korea. For analysis, the articles were examined in terms of the number of reports on interpreters, topics, changes in attitudes towards interpreters, and their gender. The results show that drastic changes in the social perception of interpreters occurred in the 1980s, after the Graduate School of Interpretation and Translation of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies was founded in 1979. Since the 1980s, news reports on interpreters have become more positive, reflecting the higher social status of interpreters. In addition, the gender shift from male to female was found in the profession as the majority of interpreters covered in the media since the 1980s were female. The paper concludes with a discussion on the status of interpreters portrayed in the media from social and historical perspectives.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the satisfactory and unsatisfactory aspects of medical interpreting training based on the students' feedback. It has been over 10 years since the first medical interpreting education started in Korea Human Resource Development Institute for Health and Welfare (KOHI). This paper conducted qualitative research with five students participating in interviews, and another four students in focus group interviews. Selecting interviewees included preliminary survey by 11 students in a Korean-English medical interpreting class. Interview questions for individual and group interviews were provided to the participants in advance and interviews took approximately 40 minutes. All the interviews were recorded and transcribed (Interviewees agreed with recording). Students were satisfied with starting the interpreting class with brainstorming, and training based on scenarios used in real clinical situations. Participants were also in favor of feedback and critique given by lecturers with concrete and productive feedback. However, students were unsatisfied with classes being taught with a single teaching method such as using books or online videos only because it did not fully train their skills. This research will be helpful to lecturers who will teach medical interpreting out of school setting to understand the real needs of students. Furthermore, it will contribute to the development of medical interpreting training as part of community interpreting in Korea.

This study carries out a bibliometric analysis to uncover the gap between global and local research trends in translation and interpreting. The research analyzes papers on translation and interpreting published between 2015 and 2019 in the Web of Science (WoS) and Korea Citation Index (KCI). First, the paper identified publication activities, geographic distributions, and research areas in WoS and KCI. Second, the paper conducted keyword network analysis and visualization. The result shows that the number of links and total link strengths of KCI recorded only 1/10 and 1/8 of WoS, respectively, indicating weak linkage between keywords in KCI papers. In particular, comparison of top 20 keywords between WoS and KCI reveals that research themes in KCI are less diverse than those in WoS, mostly focusing on translation strategies. Unlike previous bibliometric research in Korean translation studies that analyzed only translation studies journals, this paper analyzed all journals indexed by WoS and KCI and employed keyword network analysis and visualization for more comprehensive and objective description of research trends in and outside of Korea.

The vast majority of Korea’s early film was lost due to negligence. Yet, there are English-dubbed versions of four Korean films that survived the decades: Yongary, Monsters from the Deep(1967), A Fierce Animal (1969), A Deaf Mute Sam-Yong-Yi in sad love(1973), and Disarmament(1975). These English-dubbed versions do not have the originals to compare with, which requires the need to look into their paratexts. Although the notion of the paratext has gained some currency in translation studies, existing research into paratext in translation studies tends to be contained in the realm of literary works upon which Genette(1997)’s paratext concept was originally based. Paratextual research in audiovisual translation is a relatively unexplored area toward which it may seem desirable to turn our attention. Paratextual studies can also deepen our understanding of the cultural and sociological factors affecting translation process and reception in the target culture. All of the aforementioned films are analyzed with paratextual elements in dubbing, which are put forward by Matalama(2011). The findings will show how dubbed versions might be different from their originals by investigating their paratextual elements. The study will also demonstrate how these Korean films were re-edited or localized in order to cater to the needs of the target audience.

This paper explores the importance of teaching grammatical metaphor in Korean-English translation courses and the effectiveness of a teaching method “translating by changing subjects” which is designed to help students exercise grammatical metaphor. Grammatical metaphor as defined and theorized by Halliday and his colleagues refers to the substitution of one grammatical class for another that is more congruent for representing certain experience in a given text. A diagnostic test showed that students do not actively use grammatical metaphor in Korean-English translation. Considering Halliday and Ravelli’s grammatical metaphor classifications, the researcher underlined the processes and circumstances of Korean sentences and had the students exercise grammatical metaphor by instructing them to translate a Korean sentence into multiple English sentences using each underlined word as the subject for each sentence. A final test and a written interview demonstrated that students’ use of grammatical metaphor improved greatly and that students found such a teaching method satisfactory and helpful.

With the development of machine translation technology, the competitiveness of human interpreter needs to be further strengthened. In light of this, translating nonverbal message is more important than ever. Just like the speakers who make full use of nonverbal communication, interpreter also needs to pay attention to the importance of nonverbal communication. Of all the kinesics, the most frequently used is the hand gesture. The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze the hand gesture of the speaker and that of the interpreter. For this reason, this paper set two questions. First, what hand the speaker and the interpreter use during consecutive interpreting for business presentation? Second, is the interpreter influenced by the speaker’s hand gesture? What is the difference or similarity between the hand gesture of the speaker and the interpreter? This paper attempts to analyze the hand gestures of both the speaker and the interpreter. The theoretical background for this analysis consists in the types of hand gesture invented by Morris. On the basis of hand gesture, three hand signals are described—deictic signals, baton signals, symbolic signals. The results are as follow: When the speaker and the interpreter explain the content of PowerPoint, they both use deictic signals or baton signals, and when describing specific words, they use similar symbolic signals. It is worth noting that if the speaker’s message is accompanied with hand gesture, the interpreter is ready to interpret the message with the same hand gesture. This means that the speaker's hand gesture influences the hand gesture of the interpreter, thus affecting the formation of message. This paper is limited to one case, so the scope of its research objects needs to be expanded. This paper demonstrates that interpreter uses the similar or different hand gesture as the speaker does and interpreter’s hand gesture would play an active role in the process of interpreting.

This study aims to identify stylistic differences between human and machine translation in terms of word usage. For this purpose, a comparable corpus was constructed, which consisted of English translations of 110 Korean newspaper editorials done by a group of human translators and three online machine translation services (Google, Bing and Papago) respectively. Principal component analysis was performed on the corpus to investigate differences in the way 200 most frequent terms are related to the human and machine translators. Additionally, part-of-speech analyses were carried out to further elucidate the differences found in the PCA analysis. The major findings are that machine translators tend to overuse ‘be’ verbs and ‘as’ and ‘if’ subjunctive connectives, while underusing third-person personal pronouns, particularly the female form, ‘she’. Additionally, they were found to rely heavily on high-frequency content words. These characteristics of machine translators are construed as stemming from their scope of lexical options being limited by structural correspondence to original Korean texts.

The purpose of this study is to examine effective translation methods of onomatopoeia and mimetic words in translating Korean novel texts into Chinese. To this end, the translation methods were categorized into seven types: explaining with additional words, replacing Chinese onomatopoeic and mimetic words, overlapping structures of verbs and adjectives, generalization, substitution, omission, four-character structure. This study is the first to consider the third and the seventh translation methods which reflect the unique linguistic features of Chinese language. Therefore, this study expands the classification of Korean to Chinese translation methods by adding these two methods which were neglected in the previous researches on translating onomatopoeia and mimetic word.