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This paper examines how the focus on translating agents, rather than texts, allows a researcher to explore the diverse, dynamic and negotiable positioning of individual translators vis-a-vis their texts, societies, and other agents. Starting with an analysis of the tradition in translation research that conceals translators and presents translation as mainly a text phenomenon, the present paper goes on to examine the research trend which illuminates translators engaged in various forms of non-literary translation within the context of the ‘social turn’ in translation studies. It then outlines (1) topics and research methodologies used in studying translators and (2) insights offered by this approach. The paper argues that if attention is paid to translators, it will be possible to locate individual translators as concrete agents, negotiating among different identities as well as around various aspects of a text.

“Acceptability”, related to its opposite “adequacy”, is a concept that is first defined in translation studies by Gideon Toury. In this field of research, adequacy can be connected with literal translation whereas acceptability may be related to free translation. We can therefore consider this concept as one of two binary concepts of translation studies, along with 'formal vs dynamic equivalence (Eugene Nida)', ‘documentary vs instrumental translation (Christiane Nord)’, etc. The researchers mentioned above, as well as the Paris School (ESIT), are known to develop target-oriented theories in Translation Studies. How, then, can their theories be connected with “acceptability”? This study tries to reconsider these three theories around this concept. On one hand, Nida's comprehension of acceptability seems to have been defined by “dynamic equivalence” as the identical response from readers of TT and ST. On the other hand, Skopos theory emphasizes acceptability for the translator. Finally, the ESIT considers this concept in the boundary of TT and ST. (단어수: 158)

While translation is basically converting one written language into another, it can be described as rewriting. Moreover, the competence of an English-into-Korean translator can be measured by his/her ability to avoid reviving some aspects of English grammar in their translation output. Resorting to the strategy of ‘form-based’ or literal translation is generally unfeasible. This research deals directly with the subject of translation errors. In this analysis, translation errors beyond-thesentence have been more closely examined and applied to real cases of communication breakdown as well as to successful efforts. The aim of this research focused on the output of translator trainees aimed to discover whether errors found in the English-into-Korean translations form patterns. The results of this investigation clearly reflect the fact that there are error patterns: among these, sense consistency with the original message, lexical decision and logical cohesion are considered the most important parameters in translation quality assessment. This study culminated in a final exam that included translation errors made by seventeen Korean undergraduate students of translation studies when they performed an English-into-Korean non-literary translation task involving a New York Times article entitled “Poll Finds Faith in Obama, Mixed With Patience”, published in January 18, 2009.

With <Winter Sonata> being the start of the Korean wave boom in Japan, the status of, and the intimacy with, Korean culture have soared. Such changes have brought about explosive increase in demand for translation of Korean dramas and novels, and actually there have been many such translations. There search in this paper starts on the assumption that such quantitative increases in demand for translations will also cause changes in one form or an other in translations trategies or translation norms. The characteristics of translation in to Japanese of the novel version of <My Name is Kim SamSoon> on which this paper focuses on are that the ‘appellation’ was all translated in ‘foreignization strategies.’ In the case of ‘immediate family appellation’, there is hardly any cultural difference between Korea and Japan but the ‘immediate family appellation converted into intimacy appellation’ (e.g. Eonni, Nuna, Opba, Hyeong) shows the usage that is peculiar to Korea. In other words, one uses the appellation such as ‘Eonni’, ‘Opba’, for the persons with whom he or she is in the intimate senior-junior relationships with in certain social groups even if they are not one’s own brothers and sisters. In the translation in to Japanese of <My Name Is Kim Sam Soon>, such appellations are translated in foreignizations trategies(corresponding Japanese+tuning fork pleonasm). The purpose of this paper is to analyze and describe the relations between the translations in these foreignizations trategies and the changes in the status of Korean culture through the Korean wave, and the correlations between the foreignization translation and the equivalence of coherence with the implicature that Baker mentioned.

This paper focuses on the essential for graduate students of translation and interpretation in enhancing ‘translator competence’ as well as ‘translation competence’. The practicum provides students with a wide range of opportunities: gaining real world experience in the translation and interpreting industry, achieving learner autonomy, making decisions for prospective careers, applying translation theory to practice, establishing a network of translators, offering free translation services for the public good, increasing students' awareness of professional ethics, and informing clients of the significance of communication between translators and clients. In order to investigate the students' responses to the practicum course at the Ewha Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation, a survey was conducted on 66 students. According to the results, the students were highly satisfied with their overall experience but suggested that a systematic collaboration between school and industry be in place to provide students with various practicum opportnities.

This paper presents general concepts of the tour guide and some characteristics on tourism interpretation. The tour guide, combining the tour(the business) with the guide(the activity), is a compound term designating a person who leads the tourists in tourism business. As the volume of tourists is increasing, and the impact of tourism on society is becoming greater, the role of the tour guide gets highlighted of which the service quality is measured by the linguistic performance. Therefore it is time to reevaluate the role of the tour guide from the linguistic paradigm. From the interpretation perspective, the direct communication with the foreign tourists differentiates the tourism interpretation from other types of interpretation, but assuming the extended model of the triadic communication with the destination a party, tourism interpretation is a part of interpretation. Then tourism interpreter is a person performing the guiding activity with a high level of the linguistic competence and performance. This paper takes the Cohen's model of the guide roles as its base and studies the mediating role of guides especially at the Kyungbokgung palace. With consideration of guide's communicative role at the heritage interpretation, the tour guide becomes the tourism interpreter, a new professional with communicative competence as well as tourism knowledge.

After the English literature scholars who performed the evaluation of Korean translations of classical Anglo-American literature during 2002-2005, the research team evaluating Korean translations of the masterpieces of French literature has worked on a corpus of Korean translations of French great novels published since the Independence of Korea from Japan. This article aims to introduce the assessment system developed during 2008-2010 for the study of Korean translations of French great novels by examining the problems and issues which we have faced and explaining the evaluation process and the assessment criteria we have elaborated through our research. (95개)

This paper examines the rhetorical features of U.S. President Barack Obama's inaugural address and three interpreters' treatment of the stylistic aspects such as antithesis, anaphora, terms of address, and metaphor. The results indicate variations in terms of the extent to which the interpreters, who provided simultaneous interpreting live on television, reproduced the rhetorical styles of the inaugural address. The analysis of the interpreters' renditions demonstrate that the interpreters often neglected or omitted rhetorical devices, and that the interpreters frequently mistranslated the rhetoric in the source text, failing to convey the intended effect of the speech. The results suggest that unrehearsed simultaneous interpreting of rhetoric is difficult, and, more importantly, point to the need for the interpreters to develop rhetorical awareness, and for interpreter training to include strategies for handling rhetoric of this kind.

The paper discusses the significance of incorporating the concept of Halliday's grammatical metaphor into Korean-English translation courses, particularly for those Korean students who have acquired English as their second or foreign language. Grammatical metaphor as defined and theorized by Halliday and his colleagues refers to a situation where a grammatical class substitutes for another class that is a more congruent choice for representing certain experience in a given context. The paper reviews some fundamental concepts related to grammatical metaphor such as congruency and nominalization and offers an analysis of cases in which grammatical metaphor conventionalized in English does not work in Korean. On the basis of this, the paper suggests that a systematic method should be developed for introducing students to grammatical metaphor in English as a means of expanding their scope of expression in the target language.

While “terms” refer to technical terms which are defined within a discipline or specialized field, “terminology” is the study of terms and their use. The foci of terminology are to document how terms come into existence and their interrelationships within a culture, to analyze words being used in specific contexts, and to promote their correct usage. Although terminology can be limited to one language, multilingual terminology, including bilingual terminology, is an invaluable discipline which can help enhance the quality of translation by enabling the translator to use appropriate terms to befit the context, target readership, and subject domain of the text to be reformulated in the target language. This paper aims to establish two needs: first, an application-oriented need to exploit bilingual term databases in the process of translating in order to facilitate the translator's translation work, and a more theory-focused need to make the most of terminology in translation studies as an interdiscipline where standardization of terminology is urgent in order to promote more effective discipline-internal communications amongst scholars with different theoretical and conceptual backgrounds. Thus, the first part of this paper briefly discusses the theoretical background underlying different approaches to terminology. Secondly, different forms of electronic term storage and dissemination systems are introduced, followed by a case report of a Swiss-headquartered multinational term database company. Then it is argued, by summarizing a prior research report in this field, that terminology should be urgently troduced in translation studies in Korea as a way to promote discipline-internal communication fectiveness and efficiency.

This paper aims to investigate how the frequent use of Konglish in public speech or written materials affects Korean national brand image. Part one presents Konglish expressions found in diverse areas of public expressions including national slogans and tourist information, and makes suggestions on how to correct Konglish expressions in a prompt way. Part two explores the relationship between official standards for Romanization of Korean language and the national brand image. Two methods for the Romanization of Korean: the McCune-Reischauer method and the Yale method, and a brief history of official standards for the Romanization of Korean are demonstrated. By investigating problems associated with the current enforcement of official standard for the Romanization of Korean, how Korean national brand image can be promoted by revising the Romanization of Korean is discussed.

One of the difficulties and opportunities of literary translation is to take into account the ways in which loan words and foreign languages function within the plot and the argument of a literary work. The use of foreign words can serve to involve the reader in the narrative, assists in characterizing the protagonists, and intensifies the dramatic aspects of the plotline. This presents practical problems in translation, as the foreign words within a text have to be translated or explicated, while the original inter-linguistic contrast within the text is maintained. This paper looks at the use of loan words and foreign languages in two important works of modern literature, to identify difficulties in translating them, and to become more aware of how problems of translation can be relevant not only within the domain of the translator, but also for the student of literary texts.