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This paper discusses a research conducted on the translations of Lin Zexu and Hukuzawa Yukiti during the time of modernization when China and Japan accepted Western cultures. It sheds renewed light on the importance of translation during the modernization period from the perspective of translation sociology by reviewing the characteristics of translation, translated materials, the institutions responsible, and the context in which Hukuzawa Yukiti and Lin Zexu were placed on the early days of modernization. For China and Japan, in the modernization process of East Asia, translation started out as a means to protect their borders from foreign invasions and to promote domestic development, but their approaches to translation varied, thus resulting in different translation characteristics. In terms of translation sources, Lin Zexu mainly translated information necessary for wars such as Western judicial systems and geography whereas Hukuzawa Yukiti translated dictionaries, introductions of the West, and academic or economic essays. Their translations show different characteristics in that Lin Zexu adopted edited translation methods, while adding his personal opinions or stances, whereas Hukuzawa Yukiti incorporated Japanese-Chinese (Kanji), pure Japanese, and native Chinese characters, resulting in a mixture of languages, often retranslated from Chinese or English, and nomenclated new words if corresponding Japanese words were nonexistent.

The discourse of homosexuality in Korea is particularly pronounced in the cultural field, and literature, film, play and musical are the areas where homosexuality is the most visible. For a society that has long deemed heterosexuality as normal to accept and translate works on homosexuality in itself constitutes an ideological and political action since those works inherently contain a political claim that discrimination against homosexuals is not legitimate. Meanwhile, in less than a generation, terms referring to sexual minorities have gone through changes so radical that even contemporary people comprehend them very differently from each other. Homosexual, gay, homo, queer, fag or faggot and other vocabularies for sexual minorities are polysemic words which could be regarded as normal or depreciatory depending on how the public see homosexuality, and they also orient some of the most representative political correctness of these days. In other words, the terms could serve as a scale that could reflect the user’s perception of homosexuality, hence requiring a cautious approach from the translator. As such, this study attempts to analyze how words referring to sexual minorities in The Laramie Project are translated into the Korean language through text analysis and interview.

At the present time, when the development of neural machine translation presents a significant turning point, this paper attempts to compare NMT with existing statistically-based machine translation, and discuss implications for future translator education. Multiple types of MT errors and mistranslations are identified by analysis. This study intends to propose a codified table of those error types as a tool for objective assessment and ongoing monitoring of the quality of MT. Based on a translation editing scheme for learners, error types at lexical, phrasal, syntactic and textual levels were identified, which were then re-sorted for MT. The classification was applied to the analysis of translation of informative texts and news articles, for different error types, MT platforms (Naver, Google) and language directions, to draw graphs to demonstrate the results. Considering that the work of translation in the future will likely evolve into a combination of MT with human post-editing, continuous MT quality assessment would be necessary. The outcome of this study would help post-editors figure out where to focus working with different MT platforms, which is potentially useful for translator training.

Along with technical development, post-editing has emerged as a new research topic in translation studies. However, there have not been many English-Korean post-editing studies, not to mention post-editing education. This paper is a small step toward a better understanding of the nature of post-editing and applying that new insight to post-editing education. In order to discover any potential difference between human translation and post-editing, this paper conducted a head to head comparison in a graduate school specialized in interpretation and translation. One group (30 students) was exposed to the post-editing task without any translation brief; another group (30 students) translated without any CAT or MT tools. The research hypothesizes that the post-editing outcome will be longer than that of human translation and will show less lexical diversity. In order to verify the hypothesis, this research took a largely quantitative approach. The observation found that the hypothesis stands firm within the context of this research. As a next step, the results will be further analyzed in order to identify meaningful properties that can contribute to post-editing education.

The purpose of this study is to establish a criterion by analyzing the features of sentence structure changes in target the text and to identify the translators’ styles by statistically analyzing their features of structural changes of sentences in Chinese-to-Korean literary translation. To this end, Chinese novel text Hongfen and four Chinese-Korean translations were analyzed and the changes of sentence structures of the target text were categorized into five types: inversion, integration, elimination, addition, and separation. A chi-square(χ²) statistic test was used to investigate whether the sentence structure changes differ among translators. The result shows that the features of sentence structure changes were significantly different between translators. The result implies that the style of a translator could be identified by his/her sentence structure changes. This study appears to be the one of the first attempts to establish a quantitative framework for detecting translator styles in literary translation from Chinese into Korean.

This paper purports to study the differences between two Korean translations of Resurrection, written by Lev Tolstoy, which were translated in 1918 and 2003 respectively. Every classic of literature should be newly translated in order to meet the emotions and spirit of a new generation. Korean readers in 1918 and 2018 may read different Resurrection from different points of views. The research question is how Tolstoy's Resurrection approached Korean readers in the early twentieth century and the early twenty-first century with the interval of a hundred years. Differences are analyzed by comparing the two translations and the Russian original. Reasons and constraints that caused those differences would also be identified in terms of structural aspects of narrative and the images of the main characters.

Most graduates of T&I M.A. programs in Korea work as in-house Translators, i.e. salaried Translators within organizational settings. Recently, this occupational group has faced increasing challenges on multiple fronts, notably the rapid advancements in machine translation, increasing numbers of paraprofessionals, and work scope that extends beyond T&I. A possible detrimental consequence can be lower occupational status. This paper takes a qualitative approach to determine the elements associated with the status of in-house Translators as perceived by the Translators themselves and users, employees who receive T&I services. The 16 in-depth interviews suggest that in-house Translators tend to think that status is fundamentally about how users perceive them, whereas users identified subject-matter knowledge and individual competency as key status determinants. Building on the analysis, potential implications of the findings for research, practice, and pedagogy are discussed.