Earticle

This study attempts to review and synthesize the studies on simultaneous interpretation processes with psycholinguistic and cognitive perspectives. Many scholars have been curious about how trained interpreters perform apparently impossible simultaneous interpreting tasks seamlessly. A systematic analysis of the detailed cognitive processes of interpretation, however, presupposes the direct observation of any particular cerebral activities in vivo. The recent development in medical imaging technology enables direct observation and recording of the brain activities during interpretation tasks. In addition to the use of new technology, the integration of knowledge on bilingual processing gained from various academic domains also offers many stimulating findings on simultaneous interpretation processes. This paper delves into Basal Ganglia of the Striatum in human brain for its role in successful execution of simultaneous interpretation.

Cohesion is a critical textual element that facilitates interpretation of messages in a text by creating links between lexical items. Many cohesive devices, which are categorized into grammatical and lexical cohesive devices, are used to create cohesiveness and add rhetorical function in texts. The devices, however, are not unilaterally employed across all languages. The frequency of specific devices observed in texts varies depending on languages. When it comes to describing participants in a text, repetition is commonly used in Korean texts, while reference or meronomy are frequently used in English texts. With regard to the meronomy, it serves a crucial function in English texts to enhance the rhetorical function of the text. However, Korean student translators are not used to applying the device while translating texts into English. When their translations were examined, none of the students who participated in this research deployed meronomy in creating cohesive links to describe a participant repeatedly in translation, which shows a stark contrast to previously examined English texts where meronomy is frequently employed when a participant is repeatedly referred to in a text. Students then learned how to use meronomy in translation and applied what they learned in their second translation. Findings from this study reveals the pedagogical implications in teaching the concept and importance of meronomy as a critical cohesive device that can be used in translations into English.

This research aims to illuminate the potential of audiovisual material in tourism promotion and to examine the role required of audiovisual translators in the tourism sector. Tourism is a field that places a high emphasis on visuality, a quality becoming even more pronounced in today’s digital age where the primary source of information is the Internet. Prior studies on tourism translation have been focused on the written text, such as information boards and brochures. This research addresses the growing importance of the audiovisual text and the various skills required of audiovisual translators working in tourism. To examine the actual impact and importance of videos in tourism, we conducted a survey on foreigners to find out their general opinion of travel-related videos. Having identified a demand for travel information in video format, we then conducted an interview with Arirang TV producers to investigate what qualities are considered vital in audiovisual translators. Results showed that a much more proactive role was required in terms of interpersonal skills, cultural competence, and creative writing. The findings from this research offer insights into the vast potential of audiovisuals in the tourism sector and the more dynamic role demanded of translators in this area.

While sight translation is an important part of interpreter training courses, this effective tool is widely used in Korean college English classrooms to enhance foreign language ability of students as well. In this context, this pilot study examines the temporal aspects of sight translation that have been rarely analysed before. Six students attending an interpretation class in a Korean college sight translated an English text and their performance was videotaped. Analysis of the video file using a video editing software revealed that the Eye-Voice Span, the time lag between reading text and uttering the converted version, was 2.9 seconds. As is the case with simultaneous interpretation, variables in the original English text influenced Korean sight translations. While the six subjects showed high correlation in their temporal variables, subjects in the strong group exhibited more efficient processing in sight translation than the weak group did as manifested by higher speech proportion, syllables per minute, and pauses.

This study is a comparative analysis of translation philosophies of Fu Lei and Lin Yu Tang who succeeded to Chinese traditional aesthetics, the doctrine of form and spirit. The analysis revealed similarities and differences of the two scholars in terms of translation methods, definitions of the concepts of form and spirit, relations between form and spirit, and the artistic nature of translation. Fu Lei argued for likeness, which leaned toward spirit focusing on conveying the spirit and thought that run through the whole work. On the other hand, stressing the importance of “what” and “how” the work speaks, Lin Yu Tang maintained that both spirit and form are equally important. Also, regarding the artistic nature of translation, Lin Yu Tang emphasized the subjectivity of translator as an artist, contending that translation is a “production” as an art rather than “reproduction.” On the other hand, Fu Lei put an emphasis on the relatively passive creativity of translator, presupposing that translation is a recreation based on the original work.

Corpus-based interpreting studies (CIS) has gained momentum in recent years with the compilation of large-scale, machine-readable interpreting corpora, such as EPIC, K6/K2, SIDB and CECIC. A survey of interpreting corpora revealed the followings: First, most of the data were simultaneous interpretations undertaken at international conferences; second, the existing interpreting corpora encompassed comparable, parallel and intermodal corpora; third, Europe was spearheading the advancement of CIS with the development of web-based, highly machine-readable corpora; and lastly, interpreting corpora built in China and Japan were by far the largest in scale, but remained closed to public access. From the experience of interpreting corpora projects around the world, key issues and obstacles were identified involved in compilation and utilization of interpreting corpora. They include difficulty of interpreting data collection, labor-intensiveness of transcription, standardization, and technical matters for which interdisciplinary collaboration may be required. Ideas for the development of CIS in Korea were also suggested, focused on the identification of promising sources of interpreting data most readily available for corpus compilation.

James Joyce’s Finnegans Wake (FW) was not translated into Chinese until 2012 partly because of the obscurity of Joyce’s language and partly of the big differences between graphic and alphabetic languages. In order to solve the problems, the translator Dai Congrong adopted some unique translation approaches such as citing the source text, juxtaposing several translations of one source word, and adding footnotes. These translational practices correspond to the idea of thick translation, which advocates situating the translation in a rich cultural and linguistic context by means of annotation or other measures. Based on their locations relative to the main body of the translation, thick translation can be classified into three types: textual, text-close and text-remote, with the latter two as the foci of the study. A case study of the Chinese translation of FW reveals that thick translation, as a feasible and effective strategy in translating classics, serves various functions, including the construction of a cultural “Other”, translator’s identity and literary history as well as facilitation of intercultural communication and research. It is also hoped that the current study sparks more academic interest and further research in FW in both literary and translation studies.

The purpose of this study is to explore the direction and practice of compiling a bilingualised dictionary for Korean learners. For this, first, it reviews the short history of bilingual dictionary compilation for Korean learners from 『Gyerimyusa』 in Goryeo Dynasty. In addition, it extracts two main needs about Korean learners' dictionary from advance research. Finally, this paper explores how to compile and design a bilingualised dictionary for Korean learners at this station focusing on 『Korean Basic Dictionary』 and 『National Institute of Korean Language's Korean-Foreign language Learners' Dictionary』. This study can provide the direction and principles of Korean learners' dictionary.

Translating cultural elements is no doubt a difficult task as culture-bound words and expressions often do not have an accurate and direct representation in other language due to cultural differences. In order to gain better understanding on translating cultural elements, this paper reviewed previous Korean studies on this topic and looked into the multilingual dictionary translation project for the Open Korean Knowledge Dictionary, which was carried out by the National Institute of Korean Language in 2015. This paper further studied the process of how culture-specific Korean words in Korean dictionary were translated into English for English-speaking foreigners learning the Korean language. In the multilingual dictionary translation project, culture-bound words were systematically categorized and translated under a set of translation principles. These efforts are expected to improve translation of cultural elements, especially in translating name of places and cultural properties, and ultimately contribute in establishing translation standardization of cultural elements.

Despite the widely recognized significance of translation briefs (TB’s) in defining not only the nature of the translation work at hand but also the translation process that entails, few researches have been conducted to show the actual process of TB production. This paper taps into an unusual opportunity to look into the translation process of a large-scale translation project with a view to delving into the specific process of negotiating an explicit TB. The research focus is on the role of the translator in orchestrating translation processes, including the initial stage of planning, the significance of TB’s in devising translation flow models, and an overall approach to defining the nature of the work required. By way of conclusion, it is emphasized that translation decision-making should be made on the extra-textual level in addition to on the intra-textual level, the apparent sole level existing researches have placed their almost exclusive foci on. It is also argued that translation tasks can prove more successful when the translator leads, in close collaborations with translation commissioners, the translation process.

It is very important to maintain unity and consistency of grammatical terms in teaching the Korean language in Thailand. In this study, the errors arising from the interlinear translation work of Korean grammatical terms, which is being conducted by the National Institute of the Korean Language, are analyzed and corrected, and with regard to the inadequate analysis, more appropriate interlinear translation terms were presented.In the terms related to the sound system, the interlinear translation terms and explanations for the ordinary sound and the tense sound, the vowel harmony and the consonant harmony were revised and supplemented. With regard to the vocabulary system, uninfected words and nouns, predicates and verbs, adnominal phrases and adjectives were distinguished and appropriate interlinear translation terms for each were found so that the unity and the consistency can be maintained. And for affixes and postpositions and ending, the interlinear translation terms that are easy for Thai students to understand were presented, and the list of the Korean terms for the parts of speech, postpositions, and endings and the Thai interlinear translation terms was presented. Finally, in the terms related to syntax, the accuracy and the intelligibility of the translations of the case and the mood and the style of writing related to the honorific mood were enhanced through conducting necessary correction and supervision.It is very important in teaching the Korean language in foreign language to explain the grammatical terms with the native language of the learners. It is because this not only enhances efficiency in studying the Korean language as a foreign language but also enables the learners to understand and approach more easily the language system of the Korean language that they are to learn.