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Formerly, simultaneous interpreting was limited to guest interviews, breaking news situations, and live coverage of events in the Japanese media. However, due to the increase in demand for bilingual services and real time coverage, JCTV (Japan Cable Television, which is a distribution partner of CNN) decided to focus on simultaneous interpreting for the localization of CNN news. Before settling on simultaneous interpreting, CNN translating/interpreting experienced several transitions. At the very beginning, the requirement was to translate word for word. Then came the prepared interpreting stage. The current stage calls for simultaneous interpretation of all the materials including tightly edited packaged reports. Some of the main skills required for simultaneous interpreting for broadcast news are background knowledge, anticipation, and editing. The number of interpreting and translating courses offered at Japanese universities is on the rise, but traditional interpreting schools catering to the special needs for broadcast interpreting still plays an important role. These institutions offer the appropriate training for students aspiring to break into broadcast news simultaneous interpreting. Broadcast news interpreting in Japan is still evolving and faces the challenges of quality control.

The present paper seeks to investigate institutional translation by relocating the previous discussions on institutional translation in a more theoretical framework, by explicitating the research parameters involved and by charting the institutional factors that play an important role in the process of producing a target text. This paper also explores the discursive practices of translating institutions and the relationship between the goals, values and ideology of an institution on the one hand and the language and discourse of the institution as manifested in the target text on the other. The result of this study show that specific microtextual profile of a translated text is crucially influenced, constrained and shaped by such factors as the text production process, the goals and ideology of the institution, translation-related roles and translation guidelines. The findings suggest that an institutional approach to investigating translation provides a convincing explanation of why a translated text produced in a institution shows specific features.

Mainstream translation studies considers meaning and style as two different things. Stylistic features are often neglected in translation, and are frequently sacrificed. Nevertheless, no text can be a text without its stylistic features. The reader cannot be sure of the function of stylistic elements, because the differences in meaning they convey are not as conventional as the differences in the meaning of lexical items. But from this it does not follow that stylistic differences in meaning are not relevant for the understanding of the text. As such, stylistic features are important, and should be taken into account in the process of translation. It seems justified to argue that a translation theory should consider stylistic features as devices which help the reader to derive the meaning of a text. This paper will first define the term 'style' and review the development of stylistics, and examine how style relates to translation, and finally will attempt to find general stylistic characteristics of political speeches by analyzing actual speeches.

The purpose of this paper is to examine relative meanings of Chinese sentences without any clause-linking connective marker and investigates discrepancies between the meanings of the original Chinese version and those of the corresponding Korean translations, when each relative meaning of the Chinese text without connective marker is applied respectively. The absence of connective markers in a sentence should not be a reason to take the sentence as just a cooperative one with clauses presented in the order of time, because by doing so, the relative meaning hidden in the Chinese sentence with no connective marker is not clearly revealed. However, by comprehensively considering the TSP (Time Sequence Principle) along with cooperative sentence relation, or by the adaptation of the consequence of the following clause into a relative clause at the source language stage, one can more precisely identify the relative meaning of a Chinese cooperative structure consisting of combined clauses. In particular, the revitalization of the structure into a relative clause can also deliver the fact whether the proposition of the source language was realized, though indirectly, while much more clearly presenting the meaning in the target language.

Korean and Japanese have a high degree of similarity in terns of grammar and vocabulary. For this reason, students show a strong tendency of relying on this similarity along with the increasing difficulty of the text. However, this does not always bring desirable results. Cases of interference do occur as a result of the student's failure to correctly understand the similarity and differences between the two languages, although the transfer of the mother language to the foreign language sometimes help. Therefore, looking into how each student depends on the transfer will serve the purpose of effective education, taking into account the fact that the ratio between the Korean A students and their Japanese A students among the newly recruited students (interpretation majors and translation majors put together) climbed to 3 to 1.

This paper responds to the question: ‘Is true interpretation/translation between/among human languages possible?’ While one may instinctively believe that one language can effectively be accurately transferred into another, this paper provides academic theories and data that support this belief. To that end, the writer examines various theories regarding the origin of human languages, its physical properties, and aspects that render true interpretation/translation of one human language into another human language not only possible, but necessary. Modern human languages are diverse with widely varying linguistic and cultural differences. However, it is argued that those differences are superficial, given the greater similarities that underlie all human languages. Moreover, given the productive property of human language systems, the superficial differences can easily be overcome. As a result, academic evidence, reinforced by realistic experiences, serves to demythologize the art and science of human language interpretation/ translation.

The purpose of this study is to shed light on how reformulation of leads in broadcast news translations affect the information structure of the entire translated text. A previous study indicates that leads in Korean broadcast news reports tend to be long with embedded clauses. Most of these clauses convey circumstantial information that may not be part of the key news, therefore, not worthy of their places in the lead sentences. Translators, aware of the broadly-upheld emphasis on brevity (particularly avoidance of complicated clauses) in English broadcast news writing, often attempt to take this less important information out of the lead and place it somewhere else in the translated text. The present study explores the strategies used by translations incorporating such attempts and seek to find out how such changes affect the information structure of the entire translated text.

Metaphor is not merely a device of the poetic imagination and rhetorical flourish, but is pervasive in everyday life. Metaphor raises a serious translation problem translation because of it's non-literalness and culture-orientedness. For TT-readers it is essential to share background knowledge with ST readers to understand metaphors in ST. To fill the knowledge gap between ST and TT readers translator uses various kinds of strategies, and every moment he/she has to make decision on what kind of strategy to choose, what factors to take into account. This paper discusses problem of metaphor in translation and purports to show that translation of any metaphor is the epitome of all translation, in that it always offers choices in the direction either of sense or of an image, or a modification of one, or a combination of both, analysing product and process of translation.

The purpose of this paper is to define translation theory from a pedagogical point of view - with the aim of teaching it to facilitate students?translation learning - and to show, through some examples, how theoretical concepts can be taught effectively in class. First, this paper proposes ‘functional’ translation theory, which can be taught to help students comprehend different aspects of translation and translation profession. It is important to stress that a theory does not necessarily have to be prescriptive to be functional. Additionally, the paper shows to what extent translation theory can help translators. In fact, the choice of theories will be largely influenced by the understanding the teacher has in this matter. Thirdly, recognizing that not all theories can apply, this paper emphasizes the necessity of a proper selection. While utility or functionality is not inherent to a theory, it is up to the teacher to use consciously all its possibilities as a functional theory. Finally, the paper demonstrates how?functional theoretical concepts’ can be taught in class. Three notions of speech act theory and the concept of isotopy have been expanded to prove their functionality in translation teaching.

With intercultural communication-related aspects of translation and the functionalist approach to translation emerging as the two dominant research foci in translation studies, there still exists a need to explore a more fundamental issue in translation: translating languages. This paper sets out to explore the different sets of factors respectively intervening in the translation process involving two identical working languages with different combination directionality. The first section addresses the need to conduct research on translating languages, and the need to approach the translation process via analyses of translations as end-products. Then a new measurement unit, translated text expansion rate, is introduced, along with a justification of its employment in this study. A range of variable candidates, identified through a review of literature, with the potential to exert an influence and bring about different translational behaviors of texts, were used as the parameters in the present analysis. The third section introduces the research design, employing analyses of variance (ANOVA) of 316 texts in 156 text pairs. Following the analysis results and their implications for translation education, the conclusion summarizes the research design and findings, and duly acknowledges the limitations of the present study.