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In this study, it was analyzed how the regulation effect of SLA appeared in the effect analysis of the job environment and job satisfaction. The survey aimed at the airport outsourcing employees who worked in Kimpo International Airport and Incheon International Airport. The result of this study by the empirical analysis is as follows. First, when it comes to the job performance environment, it was shown the SLA satisfaction had a significant regulation effect on the job motivation environment and the treatment satisfaction, and as for the physical environment, the SLA satisfaction did so on the treatment satisfaction. On the contrary, the occasion that difficulties caused by the SLA application had the regulation effect was generally related to the colleague satisfaction. This result shows that SLA had a positive regulation effect on the treatment satisfaction in general and SLA-related difficulties had a large effect on the relationship with the colleagues. Since this study aimed only at the airport outsourcing employees, it is difficult to draw the comprehensive and general result, and since the comparative study between various kinds of regular employees in the airport and the outsourcing employees was not conducted, there is a limit in verifying the analysis result objectively.

English is the most widely used language for international travel. Many universities recognize the importance of tourism English as ESP(English for Specific Purpose) and offers the classes in the department of tourism. Teaching tourism English should be practical and planned to meet the expectations of learners. To do so, students’ learning motivation should be identified based on their subjectivity. Although several researches have studied learning motivations, most of them are quantitative researches for general off-line university students with similar and limited variables from previous studies. However, it is necessary to approach from the phenomenological perspectives to analyze true motivations of learners. This study aims to analyze online learners’ motivations based on their subjectivity applying Q-methodology developed by Stephenson (1953). As a result, the learning motivations of cyber university students for tourism English were categorized into four types including Type 1: Overseas trip, Type 2: Intrinsic motivation, Type 3: Utilization in business, and Type 3: English proficiency improvement.

This study aims to investigate the influence of the hierarchical organizational culture of the airline cabin crew on the organization’s atmosphere, service orientation, and turnover intention. To this end, an online questionnaire was given to members of cabin crews that were currently working for an airline. A total of 214 copies of the online questionnaire were used for the study. Empirical results showed that the hierarchical organizational culture of an airline cabin crew had a significant impact on the bullying atmosphere and turnover intention, but did not affect service orientation. The bullying atmosphere was shown to have an effect on service orientation and turnover intention. The study also examined the mediating effect of the bullying atmosphere on the relationship between the hierarchical organizational culture, service orientation, and turnover intention. As a result, it had a completely mediating effect on service orientation and a partially mediating effect on turnover intention. Based on the results of the empirical analysis, the implications of the study have been suggested to have an impact on the industry.

The aim of this study is to provide implications in connection with 6th industry for Jeju MICE activation. The literature review of Jeju MICE industry features, 6th industry conditions and previous studies was conducted. And a case study method was applied to the Jeju. As a result, the Jeju MICE industry was initially built with infrastructure, but its competitiveness has been falling due to aging and increased similar facilities. The role of Jeju CVB, an operating organization, is becoming important. Jeju has a variety of regional resources, but conditions have not been prepared to upgrade, and its area and production are decreasing. As the link and activation factor of Jeju MICE industry and the 6th industry, hardware can be expanded into a complex facility to map out plans for regional and shared growth, and with the 6th industry and related fairs held, local residents could also participate in MICE industry. Jeju CVB won the Best Alliance Award. The study suggested that the terms of facilities and themes that reflect originality. Second, the core event linked to Jeju will be selected and intensively fostered. Third, local MICE organization should try to collaborate with various organizations and local residents.

Students in aviation service-related departments are aiming to get jobs in airline companies and are under severe psychological burdens from the competition, which is quite fierce. Against this backdrop, this study was conducted to find ways to reduce the job-seeking stress of aviation-related students. This paper was intended to identify the effects of emotional expression and emotional control on self-efficacy and job-seeking stress among college students. Parts of this study were conducted with students related to aviation services attending vocational colleges located in Seoul and the surrounding areas. The results of this study found that emotional expression had a positive effect on self-efficacy, and that emotional control also had a positive effect on self-efficacy. In addition, it has been verified that self-efficacy affects job-seeking stress negatively. These results suggest that recognizing the importance of the aviation service-related students’ sentiments and taking them into account can improve their self-efficacy and reduce job-seeking stress.

The objectives of this study are to suggest significant implications for OTA(online travel agency) through dividing the users who have experiences in buying tour products from them during the last one year, into several groups by choice attribute of OTA, and comparing and analyzing the differences among the groups. To achieve the objectives, the literatures on choice attribute of travel agency, evaluation factor of online service quality, and choice attribute of OTA(online travel agency) were reviewed, and empirical studies on the users’ perceptions regarding choice attribute of OTA were conducted. The findings of the study showed that customers belonging to the three groups assessed the ‘price’ as the most important one out of the four choice-attribute factors of OTA, and then followed by convenience of website, customer support service, customer relationship management. And the three groups which were classified by users’ characteristics were named as passive choice-attribute pursuit type, choice-attribute pursuit type, and active choice-attribute pursuit type according to their evaluation.

This study demonstrate the positive effect of the O2O system in the bakery industry in terms of product quality and consumer satisfaction. It observes how the bakery industry has been evolved since the O2O system introduced. This study aims to suggest new academical agenda regarding the beneficial effect of adopting the system on the business. The menu quality, taste, various choices, and prices are newly introduced as a new statistical variable to examine significant differences between the bakeries were using the O2O system. A questionnaire survey was conducted between July 1, 2019, and September 1, 2019, among the customers who experienced the O2O bakery. The valid data collected from 202 individuals were analyzed by the empirical analysis of the SPSS 18.0 statistical package program. The research results are as follows; First, the qualitative variances of the O2O system which are menu quality, taste, various choices, and prices affect consumer trust. Second, we examined the effects of the O2O bakery component on consumer attitudes and found that both subfactors had a significantly positive (+) effect. Third, 'trust' has been shown to have a significantly positive (+) effect on consumer attitudes so that it indicates that 'trust' in O2O bakery menu quality could affect the positive consumer behavior. Based on the results of this study, we will provide useful data for bakery industry development.

The present study examined the causal relationship between food selection attributes, perceived value, and behavior intention through subjects in the form of traditional market visitors and arrived at the following research results, which present implications for a plan to revitalize food tourism. First, upon testing a causal relationship between the food selection attributes(four factors) of traditional market visitors and perceived value(two factors), the study confirmed a partially significant causal relationship. The two factors of marketability and menu development appeared to have a positive(+) impact on perceived value. Second, upon testing the causal relationship between the food selection attributes(four factors) of traditional market visitors and behavioral intention(one factor), the study confirmed a partially significant causal relationship. The three factors of marketability, menu development, and menu quality appeared to have a positive(+) impact on behavioral intention. Third, upon testing the significant relationship between perceived value(two factors) and behavioral intention(one factor), the study confirmed a partial impact. The single factor of hedonic value appeared to have a positive(+) impact on behavioral intention. Therefore, the present study confirmed the presence of significant causal relationships between food selection attributes, perceived value, and behavioral intention, as previously disclosed by preceding studies, and learned that a higher level of importance for the food selection attributes of visitors leads to a stronger impact on perceived value and behavioral intention.

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the perception of the glass ceiling, which is an invisible barrier of cabin crew, to derive effective human resource management for airlines. For research purposes, empirically analyze the influence of the glass ceiling perceived by airline cabin crew, job satisfaction, turnover intention and stay intention, analyzed the mediating effect of job satisfaction and the differences among the groups of perception of glass ceiling. The questionnaire survey included 322 cabin crew members and a survey was conducted in August 2018. The results of the analysis were as follows: Promotion factors of glass ceiling perception have a negative effect on job satisfaction and stay intention, and a positive effect on turnover intention. The welfare factor of the glass ceiling has a positive effect on turnover intention. Job satisfaction has a positive effect on turnover intention and a negative effect on stay intention. Job satisfaction had a mediating effect only between promotion factors, turnover intentions and stay intentions. This study recognizes gender-discriminatory practices within the organization of cabin crews with a high proportion of female, and attempts to prepare for deterioration of airlines’ performance due to employee turnover.

How to improve customer satisfaction and behavior intention by optimizing service quality is an urgent problem for every brand hotel. In this paper, a model based on the relationship between three attributes of hotel service quality, customer satisfaction and customer behavior intention was established, 411 valid samples were finally collected by questionnaire survey among chinese economic hotel customers. The results of structural equation model analysis show that, in the customers’ service quality perception of economic hotels, the both reliability and tangible attributes have positive impact on customer satisfaction, but only have indirect impact on customer behavioral intention by satisfaction as mediator variable. The responsiveness attribute have no impact on satisfaction, but the responsiveness attribute and customer satisfaction have both positive impact on customer behavior intention.

Airlines provide customers services through cabin crews, a medium of human resources. Ultimately, the rapport built through the relationship with the cabin crews at a service site is an important factor related to the effective performance of an airline, as airlines’ main focus is on customer satisfaction. This study involved 226 airline passengers who have experienced international air travel, and the impact of cabin crews' communication styles on rapport, customer satisfaction, and long-term trade orientation was investigated. The results showed that, first, among the different communication styles of airline cabin crews, cooperative communication had a positive impact on building rapport. Second, professional communication was found to have a positive impact on building rapport. Third, rapport positively affected customer satisfaction and long-term trade orientation. Fourth, customer satisfaction had a highly significant impact on long-term trade orientation for airlines. Lastly, it was found that customer satisfaction had some mediating effect in the relationship between rapport and long-term trade orientation. The results of this study have significant implications, as they suggest the importance of rapport-building with customers in airline services and the future direction for service development.

Recently, the number of people who want to use their spare time through the participation of regional festival is increasing. Each region wants to secure festival competitiveness by intensively investing in the physical environment to attract increasing tourists. However, the competitiveness using the physical environment has reached its limit, and at the present time, the competitiveness using the human environment of the festival should be secured. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between human service of festival, visitor’s attitude, and behavioral intention. To conduct the research, a survey was conducted for visitors to the YEONGWOL DONG-GANG Raft Festival in 2018, and 259 copies of valid samples were used for analysis. As a result, responsiveness, which is a human service factor, had a significant positive effect on the emotional and cognitive attitudes of visitors, but empathy had a positve effect on only the emotional attitude. The cognitive attitude of visitor attitude had a positive influence on the return visitor and thr word of mouth, but the emotional attitude did not have a significant effect on the behavioral intention. Based on the results of the analysis, we tried to suggest a human service management plan by volunteers in the local festival.

The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of positive psychological capital on learning motivation, self-directed learning as well as mediating effects of learning motivation of majoring in aviation service college students. The survey was conducted on 238 students. The results of the study are as follows: First, among the positive psychological capitals of aviation service majors students, self-efficacy, hope, and optimism were found to have a significant positive effect on learning motivation. Second, it was confirmed that the self-efficacy, hope and optimism had significant positive effects on self-directed learning. Third, the learning motivation was found to have a significant positive effect on self-directed learning. Fourth, the mediating effect of learning motivation in positive psychological capital and self-directed learning has a positive effect on self-directed learning. These findings suggest that positive psychological capital influence learning motivation and self-directed learning. There is a need for the development and proper operation of educational programs to improve self-efficacy, hope and optimism.

The goal of this study is to obtain the effects of the mileage attributes of a travel agency on customer loyalty. Most studies on mileage programs have focused on airline mileage because the airlines initiated the programs. However, mileage programs of travel agencies are on the rise domestically and internationally. This study was conducted based on big data collected with customers using H travel agency from July to December of 2019. In order to check the effectiveness of the travel agency’s mileage program, the sample was were divided into two groups based on whether or not they had joined the mileage program. The study investigates the effects of mileage attributes including user benefits, convenience, acquisition efforts, use experience and knowledge on customer loyalty. Study results show that user benefits, convenience, experience and knowledge and acquisition efforts were the important variables that affect customer loyalty. In addition, the variable of user benefits were the most important factor. These results denote that mileage programs of travel agencies can be beneficial for customer loyalty and the effectiveness of the mileage programs can be improved through important mileage attributes.

This study was performed for the development of travel industry by analyzing the characteristics of wellbeing, life style, consumer awareness and behavior to selection attributes of travel service and purchase intension. The styles of wellbeing were divided into two groups; loyalty and conditional. The two groups all showed the positive relationship with consumer awareness and behavior to selection attributes of travel service. Life styles, however, showed partially positive relationship with consumer awareness and behavior to selection attributes of travel service. Specifically, the group of ‘health-oriented’ and ‘social-oriented’ life style showed strong relationship on the ‘human-factor’ in selection attributes of travel service. There was significantly difference between the consumer awareness and behavior to selection attributes of travel service and all attributes showed higher level of consumer awareness than consumer behavior. It explained that consumers have never been satisfied in the travel business. From IPA module, ‘specialty of employees’, ‘acceptance of additional charges’, ‘reliability of on-line information’, ‘accountability of refund’ would be the critical factors to build up the business to the right way. ‘Human factor’, ‘information factor’, ‘company factor’ had a positive effectiveness to the consumer purchase intension of travel service. Consequently, dimension ‘A’ and ‘B’ in IPA module should be emphasized and controlled to achieve the positive results in consumer selection to the travel service.