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This study aims to analyze the structural relationship of festival quality, awareness, support, and loyalty. An empirical analysis was conducted for the Namyangju Slow Life International Festival. The result of the structural model reveals that the festival program and the facility factor among the quality factors had significant effect on awareness. In particular, the degree of the effect of festival program factor on the awareness was higher than the other factors. This means that the festival program factor was more important than the others and should be considered more. Second, visitors with high awareness of the festival showed high support. In other words, if the visitors of the Slow Life Festival were aware of the purpose and message of the festival after experiencing the festival's programs and services, they supported the holding of this festival and hope that it will continue, and support the festival to contribute to tourism development in Namyangju. Third, the higher the visitors' awareness of the festival, the higher the loyalty to the festival. In turn, visitors with high awareness of the festival spread positive word-of-mouth and thereby have higher revisit intention. This study has expanded the theory by analyzing the relationship between festival quality and awareness by combining support and loyalty. The practical implication of this study is to suggest that visitors' awareness of festivals play an important mediating role between festival quality, support and loyalty.

This study aims to understand the emerging COVID-19 research in tourism and to identify research gaps. To this aim, we selected the final 62 articles published between 1 January and 17 August 2020 in 28 different journals and conducted a keyword network analysis based on the keywords of the paper. Major findings are that first, most of the COVID-19 tourism studies used a qualitative approach. Second, major topics included the impacts of COVID-19 on tourism, crisis management, and tourism recovery, health security in tourism, tourism transformation, and sustainable tourism. Also, the keyword of ‘Sustainability’ had a high value in each measure of the centrality analyses with a strong degree of connection to other nodes, demonstrating it as the central node in the network structure. In other words, this theme deals with the discussion of suggesting new paths for tourism and new ways of developing the tourism industry in order to maintain the economic, social, and environmental sustainability of tourism in the era of COVID-19.

This study aimed at analyzing the policy paradigm change of medical tourism policy by applying the policy network model and the policy paradigm change model. For this purpose, the literature review examined medical tourism policy, policy paradigm change model, and policy network model. As a research method, case studies method and big data analysis of newspaper articles were applied. The analysis result shows that Korea's medical tourism policy is in the transitional stage of paradigm shift. Since 2000, medical tourism policy began under the economic growth paradigm. Since 2010, the transition to wellness tourism has been insisted on, and the market diversification and restoration of confidence paradigm has emerged as a competitive paradigm. The global economic downturn and the opening of the medical market played a big role in the emergence of these two paradigms. In addition, formal policy actors played a leading role in policy changes. However, it was confirmed that the third order change suggested by Hall(1993) in the policy change model, that is, the fundamental change in policy purpose and policy means did not occur. Therefore, Korea's medical tourism policy is in a period of competition in which the existing economic growth, job creation paradigm, and new trust paradigm are competing.

The objectives of this study are to provide meaningful practical implications to curriculum manager of cultural tourism interpreter by empirically investigating the impact relationships between the two important factors, internet self-efficacy and work relatedness, and transfer of training each, and verifying the mediating effects of learning satisfaction on the relationships. To achieve the objectives, as a conceptual framework of the study, the literatures on impact factors on transfer of training, work relatedness, internet self-efficacy, and learning satisfaction were reviewed, and the empirical studies on perceptions of domestic cultural tourism interpreters who participated in the 2020 online training operated from August 1 to October 31 by the government were conducted. The findings of the study showed that the internet self-efficacy had significant impacts on transfer of training as well as learning satisfaction each, and work relatedness had significant impacts on them too, the mediating effects of learning satisfaction existed on the relationships between internet self-efficacy and transfer of training, and work relatedness and it.

This study was performed to differentiate the marketing strategies under the recent business circumstance of COVID-19 by examining the relationship among the hotel consumers’ risk-acceptance levels, satisfaction of hotel selection attributes and will of revisiting to hotel. 3 factors out of perceived risk to COVID-19 were categorized and defined as physical risk, economic risk, psychological risk, and only psychological risk and economic risk were significantly related with the hotel selection attributes. Only psychological risk had significantly negative effects on both consumer satisfaction to hotel selection attributes and will of revisiting to hotel. All factors of hotel selection attributes had a significantly positive effectiveness on the of consumer satisfaction. Specially, only ‘the differentiation factor’ of hotel selection attributes had the most strong effectiveness on the will of revisiting. Consequently, hotel company should be focused on the basic service quality of hotel and the differentiation factor of hotel selection attributes to improve the business performance and to be more comparative under the circumstance of COVID-19. This study had a limitation for the target sample as only the users of the hotel during COVID-19. Comparative study on between non-users and users of hotel under circumstance of COVID-19 could be recommended for furthermore study.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the ski resort reputation and the influence of the reference group on the following consumption for ski members, to identify external factors influencing the ski resort selection, and to present implications for the establishment of ski activation strategies. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 273 ski members, and the following results were derived through correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis using the SPSS 22.0 program for the collected data. First, in Model 1, the reputation of ski resorts recognized by ski lovers has a positive effect on following consumption. Second, in Models 2, 3, and 4, the sub-factors of the influence of the reference group, such as normative influence, comparative influence, and information influence, were additionally added. As a result of the analysis, all three factors were found to have a static effect on the following consumption, and it was confirmed that the informational effect, the ski resort reputation, the comparative effect, and the normative effect were in order. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor the characteristics of reputation management and reference groups, and for this, it is necessary to establish a systematic strategy.

The Corona-19 has given great influences on the overall society including economy and culture. Such new changes and environment caused by the unexpected Corona-19 have become a new daily life to everyone. Thus, this study conducted an online survey targeting the people experiencing leisure activities different from the past in the Corona-19 environment. Total 245 questionnaires were collected, and used for the empirical analysis. The results of the analysis could be summarized as follows. First, the participation rate of leisure activities during the period of Corona-19 was overall low while there were lots of leisure activities including untact activities and online-centered activities such as walking, online game, online shopping/order delivery, and mountain climbing. Second, through the Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA), total six satisfaction determinants were extracts, which were named educational factor, environmental factor, social factor, physiological factor, relaxational factor, and psychological factor. Third, in the results of verifying the mean difference of leisure satisfaction determinants in each age between groups, the educational factor, environmental factor, social factor, physiological factor, and relaxational factor showed no mean differences between groups in each age while the psychological factor showed statistically significant differences. Fourth, in the results of correlation analysis between leisure satisfaction determinants, each factor showed positive(+) correlations. Lastly, in the results of multiple linear regression analysis for verifying the positive(+) effects of leisure satisfaction determinants on the overall satisfaction, the significant results were shown in social factor, relaxational factor, and psychological factor. However, only the educational factor had negative(-) effects on the overall satisfaction.

This study suggests the practical problems of the traditional tourism market in the form of a neighborhood-type market, targeting Anyang Central Market in Manan-gu, Anyang-city, Gyeonggi-do. By making a luxury food brand, we are seeking ways to revitalize the tourism market with customers. Through this research, the goal is to discover luxury food brand tourism resources trusted by local residents as well as domestic and foreign tourists to create specialized food, improve services, and develop marketing strategies to build a foundation for revitalizing traditional markets through the food tourism industry. This study made policy suggestions for Anyang Central Market selected by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups and the Korea Small Business Market Promotion Foundation through field research on specialized food brand projects, and by searching and analyzing blogs and cafe views on portal sites. In order for Anyang Central Market to be activated as a traditional market, it is urgent to combine unique tourism culture and food brands to suit the tastes of domestic and foreign tourists. In addition, the government and local governments should continue to pay attention and legal and institutional support should be provided. In the future, more active policy measures should be studied and discussed to revitalize the traditional market as a local tourism and tourism resource for luxury food brands in the traditional market.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the positive psychological capital of tour leaders on burnout, and to analyze the moderating effect of emotional intelligence between the two variables. By analyzing the relationship between each variable, it is intended to find out which factors affect the tour conductors, help them in their actual work, and prepare for the post-coronavirus. Regression analysis was used to analyze the influence relationship between independent and dependent variables based on previous studies. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the higher the positive psychological capital, the lower the burnout of the tour conductor (feeling burnout, decreased sense of accomplishment). To verify the moderating effect of emotional intelligence, a three-step hierarchical regression analysis was conducted. The emotional intelligence's self-awareness ability was found to have no moderating effect in the relationship between burnout and positive psychological capital. However, it was found that emotional intelligence's self-management ability, social awareness ability, and relationship management ability had a negative (-) moderating effect to reduce burnout between positive psychological capital and burnout. It is required to provide emotional intelligence programs related to self-management such as self-expression training and self-growth programs to improve the emotional intelligence of travel leaders.

Globally, air passenger demand has increased significantly, but the speed of expansion of airport infrastructure has not been able to meet the growth rate of demand. Therefore, one of the important tasks of congested airports around the world, including IATA, is to use airport slots more efficiently. In this study, we introduce a contention slot allocation model as a way to improve airport slot efficiency. The most basic principle of slot allocation is the Grandfather Rule. That is, if more than 80% of the allocated slots are used, the right to use the slot is continuously recognized. This study analyzes which allocation method uses slots more efficiently when competition occurs between airlines in the process of redistributing the recovered slots excluding vested slots. The slot efficiency measurement index uses the number of air transport passengers per slot. [Model 1] is the competition slot allocation method, and the lottery method in accordance with the Seoul Regional Aviation Administration's Detailed Operation Guideline for Aircraft Operation Time Adjustment is applied. In [Model 2], the airlines with the highest number of air transport passengers per the number of airline operations in the previous year are allocated first. As a result, the following implications were obtained. First, we build two models by establishing a mathematical model based on the economic efficiency of slots in NERA (2004), McDonald (2006), and Bauer (2008). Second, the operational effectiveness of [Model 1] and [Model 2] was demonstrated through empirical analysis as a way to improve the economic inefficiency of the slots of Level-3 airport that could be caused by the existing auction.

This study was conducted to analyze the factors influencing the transfer of online training for cultural tourism commentators. For this, we analyzed the differences between online training participants in learning satisfaction, transfer level, job immersion, and job efficacy. Through this, we intend to present meaningful implications to the cultural tourism commentator’s training operator. In particular, it has become a meaningful study at a time when the demands for online job training has soared since the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the analysis, the first quality factor of the training that affects the transfer of participants in the online curriculum of cultural tourism commentators is the quality of the service and the quality of the educational content. Of these two, service quality has shown to have more influence on the dependent variables. Therefore, online training operators need to continue to make efforts to improve the quality of education services. Second, according to the difference between the learning satisfaction and the transfer level of job training participants, there was a statistically significant difference in the level of learning satisfaction in the online and offline operation of cultural tourism commentators. However, there was no difference in the transfer level of education and training. As a result, we can conclude that there is some transfer effect in online job training. Third, after investigating the difference in job immersion and job efficacy before and after participation of cultural tourism commentators, there was no difference in job immersion level, but there was a statistically significant difference in job efficacy. However, after participation in the online training, the job efficacy has been shown to be lower than that of the previous point of view.

The purpose of this study is to verify the impact on online word of mouth information characteristics for tourism product, information satisfaction, information trust, and purchase intention, and to provide meaningful basic data for successful online marketing strategies for private industry operators. To this end, the survey was conducted for those in their 20s and 40s who have purchased online tourism products within two years, and 277 valid responses were used for analysis. According to the analysis results, it has been confirmed that online word of mouth information characteristics, information satisfaction, information trust, and purchase intention are significantly related to each other. Furthermore, information satisfaction and information trust in the relationship between online word of mouth information characteristics and purchase intention have been found to be partial-mediated and sequential mediated. This study is significant in that it has theoretically expanded the relevant research by validating the effects relationship between major factors and presented the strategic direction of online word of mouth marketing.