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This study examined xenophobia as perceived by local residents of tourist destinations and in the era of overtourism and during the COVID-19 pandemic to determine its implications on the tourism sector. Text mining techniques were used in the analysis and, through clustering analysis and emotional analysis, an in-depth examination of the xenophobia phenomenon perceived by local residents for both periods was conducted. The result of the analysis showed that local residents expressed xenophobia toward tourists in the overtourism situation and the COVID-19 situation. However, it was recognized that the intensity of expression was organically and flexibly controlled according to various factors and timings due to tourism overcrowding or stagnation and certain environmental situations caused by external factors. This means that the perception of xenophobia and tourism revitalization always coexist among local residents and it can be approached from the perspective balance and control. Therefore, a balance of the xenophobia phenomenon of local residents by inducing win-win growth in times of overcrowding in tourism such as overtourism is necessary. In times of tourism stagnation, such as the COVID-19 period, balancing efforts through proper distribution with activation are needed. Theoretically, the approach to studying xenophobia was diversified, contributing to the theoretical and external expansion. The big data analysis method was also used to contribute to methodological expansion. Practically, the analysis of the phenomenon provided a means of deriving national policies and preparing countermeasures. It also laid the foundation for maintaining the sustainability of tourist destinations.

The purpose of this study is to identify the causal relationship of organizational culture, the leader-member exchange(LMX) and the organizational silence in a travel agency setting. In addition, this study verified the mediation effect of the leader-member exchange(LMX) between organizational culture and organizational silence. We conducted a survey to volunteers who are currently employed in travel agencies in Korea, and a total of 276 valid data were used for analysis. The study results are as follows. (1)It was found that among the dimension of organizational culture, the relationship-oriented culture, innovation-oriented culture, and task-oriented culture had a significant positive(+) effect on the leader-member exchange (LMX). (2)Analysis result indicates that the leader-member exchange(LMX) had a significant negative(-) effect on organizational silence. (3)The examination on the relationship between organizational culture and organizational silence showed only the relationshiporiented culture and innovation-oriented culture had a negative(-) effect organizational silence. (4)The partial mediation effect was confirm on the relationship between organizational culture(relationship -oriented culture, innovation-oriented culture) and organizational silence. In addition, the task-oriented culture showed complete mediation effect. Moreover, he findings implies to the travel agency management that organizational culture can be consider as a way to increase the leader-member exchange(LMX) and lower organizational silence, and it is important for the growth and development of organization.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of hotel brand equity (perceived service quality, brand image, and brand awareness) on enterprise trust (enterprise sincerity and enterprise ability) and relation-continuing intention and also to analyze the mediating effect of enterprise trust. To carry out this study, SPSS (Ver 21.0) was used for frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and bootstrap. Four things have been determined. First, perceived service quality and brand image both have a positive influence on enterprise sincerity and enterprise ability, but brand awareness only positively impacts enterprise ability. Second, perceived service quality and brand image both have a positive influence on relation-continuing intention whereas brand awareness has no meaningful influence on relation-continuing intention. Third, enterprise sincerity and enterprise ability both have a positive influence on relation-continuing intention. Fourth, enterprise trust has a mediating effect between brand equity and relation-continuing intention. More specifically, enterprise ability has complete or partial mediating effects for each element of brand equity, that is, perceived service quality, brand image, brand awareness, and relation-continuing intention. And enterprise sincerity also has complete or partial mediating effects for perceived service quality, brand image, and relation-continuing intention whereas it has no mediating effect for brand awareness.

This study aimed to identify the relationship among perceived risk, selection, attitude, and continuance intention on camping activities during the COVID-19 era with a focus on vaccinated residents in Seoul and the Capital area. In addition, it intended to determine the mediating effect of camping attitude toward the relationship between selection attributes and continuance intention. On the basis of the existing research, a model was developed, and a survey was conducted to test the hypotheses of the current research. Data from 377 participants who were vaccinated and who experienced camping during the course of the pandemic were used to test the research hypotheses. The results revealed positive and significant associations among the effects of risk perception on selection, continuance intention, and attitude toward camping. Moreover, selection attributes toward camping have significantly influenced continuance intention and attitude. In addition, continuance intention significantly influenced attitude toward camping. Specifically, the environmental and safety factors under selection attributes exerted more effect on continuance intention and attitude. Therefore, these factors should be developed and maintained as key successful factors of camping management. Furthermore, the results illustrated that the better the selection attributes, the more positive the continuance intention, whereas the attitude exerted a mediating effect on this relationship. The findings suggested considerable insights on the role of camping during the COVID-19 era.

The study was conducted to examine the effect of demographics and experiences of racial discrimination while travelling overseas on travel intention in the post-corona era. The data was collected using online survey and the number of respondents were 294. The frequency analysis, factor analysis and regression analysis were adapted to analyse the collected data. The present study resulted in the effect of demographics and racial discrimination experiences on travel intention. It showed that age and the number of family members among demographics were partially significant on travel intention, however, there were no differences according to other demographic variables such as gender, level of income and level of education. And the experiences of receiving the news of racial discrimination had a partially significant influence on travel intention. But the experiences of racial discrimination while travelling overseas had no significant influence on travel intention. The type of travel, popular destinations and activities may be differ depending on demographics so their level of concerns about travel may also different. The preferences of the mass media can influence on travel intention as well as its contents. It is suggested for the future research to figure out that what is the most fears/worries and its reasons subject to demographics to solve the problems.

This study aims to identify the stage of the policy paradigm shift process of the casino industry and analyze the characteristics of the stage of the new paradigm contestation. Moreover, it intends to examine the power of advocacy coalitions on the policy paradigm shift. A literature review was conducted on the concept of the casino industry, the policy paradigm shift model, and the advocacy coalition framework. The results demonstrated that the policy paradigm of the casino industry has shifted through the old paradigm stability, accumulation of anomalies, experimentation, fragmentation of authority, new paradigm contestation, and new paradigm stability. The characteristics of the stage of the new paradigm contestation revealed the appearance of an integrated resort as a new concept, policy output of the Korean integrated resort, and confirmation of the power of advocacy coalitions on the policy paradigm shift of the casino industry. In summary, this study confirmed the influence of advocacy coalition as an important factor for securing policy support on the stage of the new paradigm contestation. Based on these findings, this study suggests that policy actors should secure policy support through a development network among stakeholders, agreement with policy belief, and effective communication in the public sphere. Finally, various fields should analyze additional sophisticated analytical methods related to the advocacy coalition framework on the policy paradigm shift model.

This study focuses on the factors that affect the satisfaction of food tourists in tourist destinations and their implications on the local image. Against this background, the main results of this study in terms of tourism development are as follows: First, the relationship between the activities of food tourists and tourist destination satisfaction was confirmed. Second, the relationship between the satisfaction of food tourists and the local image was confirmed. Third, the relationship between the satisfaction of food tourists with tourist destinations and the local image was confirmed. Based on these research results, the following academic and practical implications were noted: First, an area lacking tourism infrastructure where regional representative food resources are developed and regional representative food and traditional food are developed will become an attractive tourist destination. Second, it is necessary to establish a network, publicity, and marketing strategy to revitalize food tourism. Third, based on big data, it is necessary to diagnose the unique tourism competitiveness of a region while expressing the characteristics of gourmet travel along with the overall trend of tourist destinations. Fourth, it is also necessary to develop food that can appeal to the younger generation, the new target of gastronomic travel. At the same time, if a food menu for young, single tourists that calculates the cost-effectiveness of tourism is developed and food-related attractions and accommodations are supplemented, a synergy of food tourism will be created.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed much about our lifestyles, including forms of tourism; for instance, broad COVID-19 vaccine dissemination is allowing for a return to our daily lives, but overseas travel from Korea is impossible. People’s desire to go abroad again has led to the emergence of air travel products for special interest tourism (SIT), and the focus of this study was one type of SIT that emerged after COVID-19: flights without destinations. The present study’s authors used Textom to analyze big data on such flights and used Ucinet to conduct centrality and CONCOR analysis of social network data. Data were collected for the 12 months beginning October 28, 2020, when SIT products emerged, and the study results are as follows. First, 106 key words were analyzed from the collected data, and the most frequent were destination , landing-free, travel, tourism, duty-free, and airline. Common issues of interest were tourism flights and travel packages including flights without destinations, corona, overseas travel, and international flights without departure. Second, SIT analysis findings were visualized using word clouds and ego networks. Third, the centrality analysis of SIT issues identified flight , destination , landing-free, travel, product, duty-free, and airline as key words in degree, eigenvector, closeness, and betweenness centrality. Fourth, six clusters emerged from the CONCOR analysis: 1) landing-free tourism flight product, 2) trend purpose, 3) recovery of daily life, 4) event experience, 5) around the Korean Peninsula, and 6) consumption alternative. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Development of social network services(SNS) is changing tourism marketing fundamentally, overcoming the limitations of traditional mass media channels and providing small tourism organizations with effective and economic marketing channels. Despite the significance, existing literature on tourists’ SNS posting behavior is still in the early stage where many researchers relied on the technology acceptance model to emphasize the technological reliability and informational satisfaction. As the SNS use reaches a full acceptance stage, many technological factors are losing its significance in determining SNS intentions, and understanding the characteristics of tourists and travel experiences is gaining large academic attentions. Contributing to this new research direction, this paper adopts a theoretical perspective of memorable tourism experiences(MTEs) and investigates its influence on the SNS posting intentions based on a survey of rural family tourists in South Korea. The MTEs are a set of cognitive and emotional variables that promote memory of tourist experiences. Tourism studies have confirmed its theoretical significance in a variety travel contexts and developed highly valid and reliable measurements. This study proposes an integrative model to show that the combined MTEs factors have a positive and significant impact on SNS posting intention of rural family tourists. Furthermore, to compare the significance of different cognitive and emotional factors, this study proposes a discrete model that discusses the influence of individual variables. The result of statistical analysis shows that three sub-dimensions of MTEs, such as arousal, refreshment, and meaningfulness experience, have positive and significant impact on SNS posting intentions. This paper theoretically contributes to tourists’ SNS posting studies and offers important implications to tourism marketers and rural travel managers.

This research discusses the effect of maintaining a fair and positive relationship between tourists, local residents, and the tourism industry. It focuses on native tourists who project fair tourism attitudes and positive psychological capital in order to improve tourism satisfaction and increase tourist attraction. The study produced the following results: First, fair tourism attitude has significant direct and indirect effects on tourism satisfaction. Second, positive psychological capital controls the relationship between the tourists' perception of fair tourism and tourism satisfaction. Third, fair tourism culture can be developed and established through efforts such as providing fair tourism education for tourists, local residents, and other members of the tourism industry. To develop a fair tourism culture, the Korean Tourism Organization should introduce education that is focused on a fair tourism attitude for all the related institutions. In addition, the Korean Tourism Organization should provide tourism laws and tourism ethics education based on the World Tourism Ethics Code on the perception and attitude of fair tourism to tourists, local residents, and employees of tourism companies. Fair tourism is currently being conducted only for domestic tourists in each country due to social and environmental influences, but if tourists from foreign countries actively understand and accept the culture of their tourism destinations, and present a fair tourism attitude, they will be able to experience the joy of knowing and appreciating the culture of their tourism destinations.

This study considered ways to make traditional markets a sustainable tourism destination and develop tourism products in this era. This study aimed to verify the feasibility and viability of turning the meal kit product into a tourism resource by utilizing the abundant food in the traditional market. Findings reveal that making meal kit tourism products with the unique characteristics of traditional markets can influence the competitiveness of traditional markets and tourism destinations. In addition, the competitiveness can influence the vitalization of traditional markets. This study tested two main hypotheses and 24 detailed hypotheses. Hypotheses 1 and 2 were partially supported. It is noteworthy that the storytelling factor newly constructed in this study was verified to support all detailed hypotheses. This indicates the storytelling factor as capable of exerting a net function as a product selection attribute. In much the same way, the factor of tourism destination competitiveness also supports all detailed hypotheses. Last, among the activation factors of the traditional market, the newly established product innovation factor yielded meaningful results as a dependent variable. This part is considered a germane cornerstone for research on tourism products and destinations in traditional markets. Accordingly, the practicality of eliciting the unique characteristics of traditional markets through storytelling was propounded.