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This study aimed at analyzing the policy agenda priority of MICE industry policy for the Post COVID-19 by applying analytic hierarchy process method. The literature review covered the concepts of MICE industry policy, policy agenda setting, and related precedent studies. For the research design, an analytical model was suggested including four major processes: literature review, hierarchical design, research survey, priority estimation. The pairwise comparison data were collected from both the public sector and non governmental sector experts regarding MICE industry policy. Major findings of the study revealed that policy agenda priority of MICE industry policy reflects the change of the policy environment considering COVID-19. It was found that discovering revenue model of MICE enterprise has the highest priority in overall policy agenda followed by strengthening the digital and marketing capabilities of MICE industry workers. In addition, partial differences with the policy priority were observed between the public sector and non governmental sector experts. The public sector put relatively higher priority on the local MICE industry and MICE infrastructure environments, while the non governmental sector put higher priority on human resources development. Based on these findings, theoretical contributions and practical implications for implementing effective MICE industry policy for the Post-COVID-19 were discussed.

COVID-19 has changed not only the way we live but also the form of tourism. With the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, domestic camping is rapidly emerging as a new leisure trend. This study is differentiated from the existing camping activity study, and will be a timely study to define the meaning of camping activities under COVID-19. The purpose of this study is as follows. In this study, to investigate the effect of camping activities, which have become a trend due to the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, on the reduction of psychological stress, camping was considered as three factors (travel alternative camping, group camping, and camping), and changes in enjoyment, flow, and stress reduction were investigated. In this study, only 284 validated questionnaires were used for empirical analysis. A preliminary survey was conducted in February 2021, and the main survey was conducted for about a month from February 10. For empirical analysis, SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 23.0 statistical abolition programs were used, and frequency analysis, confirmation factor analysis, reliability, validity analysis, correlation analysis, and structural model analysis were performed. The analysis result of the collected data is as follows. First, it was found that among camping activities under COVID-19, travel alternative camping and group alternative camping affected the enjoyment, while relief-oriented camping did not affect it. Second, it was found that all factors of camping activities under COVID-19 had a significant effect on the flow. Third, the pleasure and the flow had a significant effect on the stress reduction. Based on these results, in this study, strategies and countermeasures were presented, and theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

The purpose of this study is to look into the current process how smart airports are established. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, a survey was conducted on those who have used one or more smart devices such as Self check-in, Self Bag-drop, boarding automation, and automatic immigration inspection by using smart airports within the last 18 months. The survey was conducted from July 1, 2020 to August 31, 2020, and 328 copies were used for empirical analysis. SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 program were used to analyze the data collected for this study. To summarize the analysis results, the six sub-variants of the extended theory of integrated technology acceptance—expectation of performance, social influence, conditions for promotion, motivation for pleasure, and price effectiveness-were all analyzed to have a positive effect on airport satisfaction. Second, of the six sub-parameters of the extended theory of integrated technology acceptance, facilitation conditions and pleasure motivations were found to have no positive effect on the trust in airports. Third, satisfaction in airports was analyzed to have a positive effect on the intend to use. Fourth, trust in airports was analyzed to have a positive effect on the intent to use. Based on these findings, the government needs to actively support the introduction of smart airports as in the case of Incheon International Airport, and airport operators need to determine whether it should be introduced in the long term, not in the short term.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of emotional labor of hotel employees on job burnout, job engagement, and turnover intention. The mediating effect of job engagement factor on the relationship between job burnout and turnover intention was analyzed. To achieve the purpose of study, research model and hypothesis were established through theoretical research. For the empirical study, a survey was conducted on employees working in five 5-star hotels in Seoul. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS20.0/ WIN and AMOS 20.0 programs. Based on the results of theoretical research and empirical study, implications are presented as follows. First, a standard manual that can protect hotel employee from emotional labor should be prepared, and systematic operation and management should be carried out. Second, it is necessary to establish and implement an emotional labor education plan focusing on methods of managing stress caused by emotional labor. Third, it is necessary to establish an organizational culture in which excellent employee can continue to work without thinking about changing jobs, and compensation according to their abilities should be provided. It is necessary for hotel companies to make continuous efforts to reduce job burnout caused by emotional labor and increase job engagement.

This study aimed at analyzing tourists’ risk reduction behavior in transaction with global online travel agencies applying the method of grounded theory. In the literature background, the concepts of global OTA, risk reduction behavior and related precedent studies were reviewed in order to secure theoretical resources. The research participants were selected by using theoretical sampling method which emphasizes appropriateness and saturation of the data. For the collection of the data, in-depth interview method was applied. The collected data were analyzed according to the Strauss and Corbin(1998)’s coding processes. A paradigm model for tourists’ risk reduction behavior was constructed and the abstracted categories were linked as follows: Tourists’ reactions regarding risk reduction were influenced by transactional anxieties moderated by personal and situational conditions; In action/interaction, personal and social strategies were chosen, which was intervened by constructional conditions; In consequence, personal and social categories were confirmed. Based on these findings, the core category was defined as ‘responding autonomously in a new transaction environment’. Following this, five characteristic types of tourists were classified as ‘receptive’, ‘exploring’, ‘learning’, ‘defensive’, ‘avoidant’. In conclusion, practical measures at the societal level including provision of consumer protection education, institutional support for global OTA users, and establishment of cooperative consumer network were suggested.

This research explored structural relationships between personal attributions, flight safety, in-flight services, airline image and customer satisfaction. For the empirical analysis of this study, a questionnaire was conducted on travelers who traveled abroad using the travel agencies with the cooperation of travel agencies located in Seoul and Busan using a self-contained questionnaire. The collected 359 data were analyzed for reliability and correlation using SPSS 24 and AMOS 18, and the confirmed factor analysis and measurement model analysis were tested using AMOS26. A total of eight hypotheses were established in this study, seven of which were adopted and one was rejected. Further analysis also led to meaningful research results by analyzing the relationships and differences between variables for LCC and FSC. First, it has been revealed that there is no impact between in-flight service and airline image in LCC , and that in-flight service in FSC improves airline image. Second, flight safety has an impact on LCC and FSC. Third, customer satisfaction is higher when LCC and FSC users improve their airline image than FSC users. Fourth, while in-flight services do not have a significant impact on customer satisfaction at LCC. Finally, based on the findings, we present conclusions and implications, the limitations of this study, and the direction of future research.

Due to the increase in the number of golfers due to leisure time, golf resorts are becoming so popular that they are in their second heyday. However, competition among golf resorts and golf course preference among golfers are also expected to be polarized. To overcome these situational limitations, golf resorts strive to provide differentiated services and various education for employees. This study aimed to identify the impact of self-leadership of golf resort employees on creative job commitment and job performance. In addition, the moderating effect of grit was placed in the effects of self-leadership of golf resort employees on creative job commitment. As a result, the self-leadership of golf resort employees has a significant impact on creative job commitment and job performance. In the influence of self-leadership and creative job commitment, grit has been shown to have a moderating effect. Golf resort employees with high grit feel high about the impact of self-leadership's constructive thought pattern strategy on creative job commitment. In addition, golf resort employees with high grit feel high about the effect of self-leadership's natural reward strategy on creative job commitment. In conclusion, we discussed the academic and practical implications of self-leadership, creative job commitment, job performance, and grit of golf resort employees.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between learning agility, organizational citizenship behavior, and workplace spirituality, which are key factors that have a positive effect on both hotel workers and hotel management majors. In addition, in terms of human resource management, hotel workers who perform new customer satisfaction by demonstrating learning agility such as hygiene management for all employees, customer response methods, and creation of a safe hotel in a crisis situation such as Corona are required. Through this, we want to contribute to the creation of a hotel environment that enables continuous business and high work-place spirituality even in the face of infectious diseases such as the corona crisis. For the analysis, hotel workers who worked in 10 hotels with three or more stars were targeted. From May 8 to July 17, 2021, Naver Office (office. naver.com) was used for a total of 11 weeks. The main results and discussions of the study from the HRD dimension are as follows. First, among the learning agility of hotel staff, growth orientation, self-awareness, and flexible thinking were found to influence organizational citizenship behavior in the order of. Second, it was found that among the learning agility of hotel employees, change in behavior and pursuit of reflection had an effect on workplace spirituality in the order. Third, the organizational citizenship behavior of hotel employees was found to have a direct and positive effect on workplace spirituality.

Island is geographically isolated and its natural environment is well preserved, and a small number of residents have a more relaxed life than the city and have a unique culture. Previously, domestic policies regarding island tourism focused only on building infrastructure in terms of improving the island's tourism acceptance posture, why tourists visit the island, and why tourists feel uncomfortable about it. However, recent studies have examined the effects of island tourist restrictions and tourist motivations on tourist selection attributes according to individual involvement, and the effects of island tourist selection attributes on satisfaction, revisit and recommendation intentions. Interest in island tourist attractions with poor geographical access is increasing due to changes in trends such as increased leisure time, development of transportation, and development of SNS. Accordingly, this study identifies visitors to Udo Marine Provincial Park and analyzes the effect of the selection on overall satisfaction. In addition, the purpose of the study is to derive the direction of development and policy direction of Udo Marine Provincial Park. As a result, landscape attractiveness and traffic service selection properties had a positive impact on overall satisfaction, and visitors' overall satisfaction had a positive impact on their willingness to revisit Udo Marine Provincial Park and their recommendation.

The global economy has never faced a challenge like the recent outbreak of COVID-19. As a result, most service-related industries, including domestic and international airlines and hotels, have stopped hiring new employees, increasing the Employment stress level of university students studying fields related to the hospitality and airline industry. This study aims to analyze the correlates of both job image and occupational values among university students who major in the disciplines relevant to aviation tourism and examine their impact on the students’ employment preparation behavior. The results of this study is that the job image has a positive and statistically significant influence on occupational values and that the job image does not have any statistically significant association with employment preparation behavior, either preliminary or full-scale preparation behavior. The analysis also shows that occupational values have a significant positive impact not only on the preliminary preparation behavior but also on the active employment preparation behavior. Based on the analysis of the survey, this paper provides the foundation for strengthening the employment preparation behavior by emphasizing a clear understanding of the job features, appropriate occupational image, and proper work values.

Maritime leisure tourism is one of the world’s largest industries of contemporary tourism with a major participation in the tourist economies of nations that have developed it. Yet, it has resulted in negative effects such as crime, ecosystem destruction, gentrification, and conflict between tourists and local residents. The residents’ support for tourism development is crucial component to pursue sustainability of the development. From this point of view, the primary purpose of this study is to investigate relationship among local residents’ perceived tourism impact, sense of community, and support for maritime leisure development. To investigate the relationship among the constructs, the study carried out several statistical analyses including descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model(SEM). The major analytical results of the study showed that both perceived sociocultural and environmental tourism impacts of local residents had positive regression weight on sense of community while economic tourism impact did not. Moreover, both economic and sociocultural tourism impacts of local residents had positive regression weight on support fo maritime leisure tourism development while environmental tourism impact did not. Local residents’ perceived sense of community, furthermore, had a positive regression weight on support fo maritime leisure tourism development. Based on the results, an implication is presented to induce developers and policy-makers of maritime leisure tourism to cultivate individuals’ sense of community for gaining more supports for the development. In addition, residents’ perceived tourism impact and their effect on support for further development should be continuously monitored and managed.

The purpose of this study is to be drawn overall perceptions, perception changes and Tourism Policy Implications from media perspective as mediator on Hanseong Baekje Historic & Cultural Tourism Attractions. 318 News articles from 2010 to 2020 was analyzed by 3 categories based on 7 steps content analysis process. First of all, overall perception analysis of whole period stand forth that social-cultural perception was higher than economic perception and environmental perception. Next, perception change analysis of each period stand forth that increasing of employment opportunity in economic perception, improvement of quality of life in social-cultural perception and cultural asset protection in environmental perception was the main increased categories. Based on this content analysis on Hanseong Baekje Historic & Cultural Tourism Attractions, several tourism policy implications might be suggested. First, Revitalization Policies by placeness and historicalness is needed for making sustainable tourist sites. Second, inducement of Korean wave tourists and increase in experience program is required because Hanseong Baekje Historic & Cultural Tourism Attractions is excellent accessibility, a lot of shopping area, neighboring MICE complex. Third, platform development, customized tourism policy for FIT and Q tourism certificate system will be policy proposal of the central and local governments.

This study examined the effects of Job-seeking Anxiety on major suitability and career preparation behavior, focusing on two-year college students in the metropolitan area who major in tourism. The survey period for this study was 230 questionnaires distributed from March to June 2021, and the final 166 questionnaires were used for analysis. The statistical analysis was conducted by multiple regression analysis, three-step regression analysis by Baron & Kenny (1986), and Sobel's Z test. The main results are as follows. First, the result of verifying that Job-seeking Anxiety(Job-seeking stress) will have a significant effect on major suitability showed that it has a significant negative effect. Second, the hypothesis that Job-seeking Anxiety will have a significant effect on career preparation behavior showed that it has a significant positive effect. The results of verifying that major suitability will have a significant effect on career preparation behavior showed that it is not significant. Fourth, the major suitability had a partial mediating effect on the effect of job insecurity on career preparation behavior. As a practical implication, non-face-to-face classes due to COVID-19 are a way to relieve the deterioration of learning ability and anxiety about the future. It should be encouraged to provide various opportunities outside of class to promote the improvement of practical skills. As a theoretical implication, job insecurity and major suitability of tourism majors at two-year colleges in the metropolitan area were meaningfully derived to increase their career preparation behavior. In particular, two-year universities are considered to be basic research for effective career education and counseling despite the characteristics of admission and graduation during the COVID-19 outbreak.

This study conducted an empirical analysis on the influence relationship between tourism motivation, perceived values and satisfaction for tourists with experience in island travel. Tourism motivations were divided into Push and Pull factors by referring to Dann and Crompton's theory, and perceived values were divided into emotional and economic values. The results of the study were as follows. First, Push and Pull factors were found to have a significant impact on emotional values, and intrinsic tourist motivations such as relaxation, new experiences, and social gathering had a greater impact on emotional values than on attractions such as scenery, experiences, and approaches. Second, both Push and Pull factors were shown to have a significant impact on economic value, and external motivation factors had a greater impact on economic value than intrinsic motivation. Third, it has been shown that emotional values, perceived values, and their impact on economic values and satisfaction, have a significant impact on satisfaction, but economic values do not significantly affect satisfaction. Furthermore, we have identified the mediating effect of perceived values and found that driving factors and attractors affect satisfaction by mediating emotional values, especially when mediating emotional values, but positively affect satisfaction. Economic value has not significantly affected satisfaction and therefore has been identified as having no intermediary effect. Although this study is meaningful in that it provided a specialized marketing perspective for island travel using tourism motivations and perceived value variables, it failed to segment the Push and Pull factors of tourism motivation and failed to reveal what influences perceived value and satisfaction. Therefore, in subsequent studies, we believe that closely examining motivational factors and conducting empirical studies by segmenting them will have greater implications for academic and practical perspectives.