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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between human resource development (HRD) investment and organizational effectiveness in foreign-invested enterprises in South Korea. For this purpose, we established hypotheses regarding the relationships among per capita training expenditures, the number of HRD systems, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. To verify these hypotheses, we conducted regression analysis on data from the Human Capital Corporate Panel (HCCP) of the Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training. The results showed that while the effect of per capita training expenditures on job satisfaction was not statistically significant, a greater number of HRD systems positively moderated this effect, enhancing the impact of training expenditures on job satisfaction. Additionally, it was found that the positive effect of per capita training expenditures on organizational commitment was strengthened when the number of HRD systems increased. The contributions of this study are twofold. First, it analyzes the interaction effects between training expenditures and the number of HRD systems, providing insights into maximizing the effectiveness of HRD investments. Second, it offers valuable academic and practical implications, guiding companies in optimizing their HRD investments.

Rapid demographic changes and labor shortages in South Korea present new challenges for domestic companies in attracting and retaining foreign talent. With the increasing number of Chinese students transitioning to the domestic workforce, their successful settlement has significant implications for the composition of human resources within Korean companies. Moreover, their stable integration can contribute to Korean companies’ expansion into the Chinese market and enhance their multicultural human resource management capabilities. In this context, this study examines the impact of cultural adaptation, job satisfaction, and Workplace familism on the retention intention of 136 Chinese office workers in South Korea. Results indicate that behavioral cultural adaptation and Workplace familism positively influence job satisfaction and retention intention, with familism being a strong predictor of both. This study suggests that companies should facilitate behavioral acculturation and foster a family-friendly organizational culture to enhance the long-term retention of Chinese office workers.

In recent years, South Korea’s small and medium-sized areas have faced escalating challenges of aging populations and out-migration, heightening the risk of regional depopulation. This study investigates the relationship between quality of life (QoL) and population movement through cluster analysis of 67 areas. The findings reveal that factors such as employment opportunities, income levels, and residential environments significantly influence QoL and population movement. By analyzing these QoL-related determinants, the research proposes innovative solutions to the population decline crisis from a trade and commerce perspective. The study highlights the importance of establishing new trade networks and fostering trade-based industries in regions at risk of depopulation

Digital technology is being used in all industries and has also had an impact on trade, ushering in the era of digital trade. In particular, digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and big data are building a quick and safe digital trade ecosystem in trade transactions involving multiple trading parties. Our country, which is highly dependent on the external economy, must actively respond to the expansion of digital trade and secure international leadership. Therefore, this study examines the digital technologies being used in each trade transaction process and presents opinions on what is needed to revitalize digital trade.

This paper is a study on cargo and cargo claims carried by Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) adopted AI in marine transportation. This also focus on view of cargo owner not view of ocean carrier in order to complete interantional trade. Our country, Shouth Korea should make a legislation of signficant AI laws and should mitigate complex regulations of several AI laws as Shouth Korea suould be a global leader of standardization and unification of the AI technology and Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), before commercialization MASS. In views of the MASS owner and the cargo owner, assigning responsibility of Level 4 MASS is a highly and entirely difficcult at present. With a view to overcoming assigning responsibility of Level 4 MASS, every cargo owner must purchase of marine cargo insurance in international trade. Hence both the exporter and importer must in any cases be the assured to marine cargo insurance for the sake of exporter and importer.

With the rapid development of the artificial intelligence era, household appliances have gradually developed while adapting to various lifestyles. In particular, smart home appliances are being promoted at a rapid pace by enabling automation, remote control, and personalization services. In addition, the popularization and generational change of related products are expected to accelerate due to changes in consumer behavior following the improvement of the Chinese consumer market and the expansion of the Chinese smart device market. Therefore, research is needed to understand the satisfaction, repurchase intention, and word-of-mouth intention for Chinese smart home appliances. This study applied the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, and the analysis was conducted by inputting the selection attribute as an additional variable. The main research results of this study are as follows. Firstly, it was found that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions, which are the core variables of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, had a positive effect on the satisfaction with smart home appliances. Secondly, it is shown that price, function and brand, which are the selection attributes for smart home appliances, have positive influence on the satisfaction of smart home appliances. Finally, it is shown that satisfaction with smart home appliances has positive influence on repurchase intention and word-of-mouth intention.

This study offers a novel contribution to the literature on taxation and corporate finance by integrating the insights of Jacob and Jacob (2013) and Bonaimé et al. (2014) to examine the impact of the dividend tax penalty (taxation of dividends relative to capital gains) on investor valuation of corporate investments. While Jacob and Jacob (2013) establish that higher dividend taxes incentivize stock repurchases, and Bonaimé et al. (2014) demonstrate that a higher ratio of stock repurchases to total payout increases financial flexibility due to the greater flexibility of stock repurchases compared to dividends, this study bridges these findings to demonstrate how tax-induced shifts in payout policy differentially affect investor perceptions of capital expenditure and R&D. The findings reveal that tax policies favoring stock repurchases do not influence the former but positively correlate with the latter. This suggests that tax policies favoring stock repurchases may foster innovation by increasing financial flexibility for R&D investment, leading to higher valuations from investors. This study clarifies the link between taxes and the value of corporate investments, showing that the impact is significant.

This paper aims to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises by analyzing the relationship between platform quality and customer loyalty in the Vietnamese e-commerce market. It is based on data collected from 322 consumers who have used major e-commerce platforms, including Shopee, Lazada, TikTok, Tiki, and Sendo. The study identified several factors of platform quality, such as pricing, product variety, logistics services, security, and web design. The results indicated that web design and logistics services had the most significant impact on customer satisfaction and trust, which are crucial for increasing customer loyalty. Notably, customer satisfaction plays a vital role in building trust, and both customer satisfaction and trust were found to be key drivers of customer loyalty. This study recommends practical strategies, including the design of an intuitive and user-friendly interface, improvement of security measures, optimization of logistics efficiency, and the implementation of competitive pricing policies. These findings not only contribute academically but also provide practical guidance for enterprises looking to enter the Vietnamese e-commerce market.

This study examines the seafood export efficiency of 11 Asian countries using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist Productivity Index(MPI), incorporating multiple inputs to address both economic and environmental factors. The inputs include the Ocean Health Index (OHI)’s sustainable fisheries score to account for environmental sustainability, along with the number of fishing vessels, the number of workers in fisheries, and the number of workers in aquaculture to reflect the industry's operational capacity. The output is the value of seafood exports. Results show that Indonesia, India, and Korea maintained high efficiency, while China and Thailand faced inefficiencies due to scale expansion. Vietnam and Japan demonstrated potential for improving pure technical efficiency despite low overall efficiency. The Malmquist analysis revealed productivity gains through technological innovation in India and Japan, while Korea and the Philippines experienced declines. This study underscores the need for policies balancing economic performance with environmental sustainability.

Chinese cross-border e-commerce(CBEC) has grown rapidly in recent years. With the increasing use of mobile applications for CBEC shopping, this study explores customers’ overall perception and service quality(SQ) attributes of AliExpress, a China-based cross-border e-commerce platform. We analyzed user reviews from the Apple App Store to identify the service quality attributes that Korean customers consider important when shopping through the app. A text mining technique was applied to analyze the data using Python, followed by further empirical analysis using R, a statistical software package, to examine the effect of service quality attributes on customers’ overall satisfaction. Based on previous studies, review data were classified into six service quality attributes (topics): ease-of-use, trust, economy, responsiveness, information, and convenience. The effect of these service quality attributes on overall satisfaction was examined using a Tobit regression model. The result showed that the ease-of-use, economy, information and convenience are significant factors in assessing overall satisfaction with the app service, while trust is not. This study not only offers valuable insights for developingservice quality management strategies to enhance customer satisfaction in Korea-China e-commerce but also provides fundamental data to help e-commerce platform companies strengthen their competitiveness. Additionally, it broadens mobile shopping-related research methodologically by incorporating text mining techniques to analyze customers’ actual opinions from both linguistic and emotional perspectives.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of consumer animosity toward Japan on participation in the Japanese fisheries boycott and to analyze the moderating effects of consumer participatory role recognition and media exposure. To test the hypotheses, surveys were conducted among Korean and Chinese consumers in their 20s and 30s, followed by multiple regression analysis. The empirical analysis revealed that personal animosity among Korean and Chinese consumers toward Japan significantly influenced their boycott intentions. Additionally, the moderating effects of consumer participatory role recognition and media exposure varied in their influence on the relationship between personal animosity, national animosity, and boycott participation. This study provides meaningful insights into consumer animosity, participatory role perception, media influence, and consumer boycott behavior, contributing to a deeper understanding of the factors shaping consumer decision-making in international market dynamics.

In this study, we differentiate corporate brand activism from a brand communication perspective, analyzing the characteristics of brand activism and its effects on brand attitude and brand image. To achieve this, we produced brand activism videos tailored to different brand contexts and conducted surveys among the general public who viewed these videos. The key findings are as follows: First, we classified brand contexts into Activist Brands (AB) and Brand Activism of Brands (BAB) based on their innate characteristics and voluntary participation in social issues, respectively. The analysis revealed significant differences in the characteristics of brand activism between these contexts. Specifically, differences were noted in consistency, relevance, involvement, impact, and uniqueness, with Activist Brand Patagonia scoring higher in all characteristics except consistency. Second, it was found that brand attitude and brand image showed significant differences based on the characteristics of brand activism, with Activist Brands displaying higher average values. Third, the analysis of the influence of brand activism on brand attitude revealed that relevance, involvement, uniqueness, impact, and uniqueness significantly affected brand attitude. Finally, the relationship between brand activism characteristics and brand image indicated that consistency, involvement, and uniqueness had a significant impact on brand image. These findings are expected to serve as foundational data for future research on brand activism, given the increasing interest in this area among researchers today.

Product standardization versus adaptation (customization) strategy is a key issue in international marketing strategy. Product standardization versus adaptation strategy is not a concept that is only applicable to international marketing. In other words, standardization versus adaptation is a strategy that can be implemented within a country. Therefore, this study analyzed how companies that conduct business targeting the domestic market only (non-global marketing-performed firm) versus companies with global marketing-performed firms utilize the standardization versus customization strategy, considering the size of the company. And this study analyzed the relationship between product standardization versus adaptation (customization) strategy and global performance using data from STEPI's Korea Enterprise Innovation Survey: Manufacturing in 2022 and 2020. The findings of this study are as follows. First, global marketing-performed companies were found to have relatively higher rate in their marketing product strategies (product standardization or customization strategy) compared to non-global marketing-performed companies. Second, in terms of global marketing product strategy, in general, product customization was found to produce better performance in terms of overseas sales amount than product standardization, but the results were mixed in terms of overseas sales growth rate depending on the time. In terms of overseas sales share, the results were mixed in that standardization was negative and customization was positive. Third, the relationship between international marketing product strategy (standardization versus customization) and global performance (overseas sales amount, overseas sales share, overseas sales growth rate) was partially moderated by company size, and these results seemed to vary depending on the time.

This study analyzed the general equilibrium effect of KAFTA on the automobile industry using the PPML gravity model with 3-way fixed effects. As a result, the partial equilibrium analysis showed that KAFTA had a trade expansion effect of 0.41%∼8.94% for member countries, while the conditional general equilibrium analysis in which changes in multilateral resistance occurred showed that both the inward and outward multilateral resistances of member countries decreased, which caused the trade diversion effect to be over, and this partially offset the initial trade expansion effect. In addition, among non-regional countries, the trade diversion effect was the largest in countries such as India, ROW, Ecuador, and Japan. Furthermore, in the full endowment general equilibrium analysis considering changes in factory-gates prices, production value, and total expenditure, most KAFTA member countries enjoyed the effects of improving product prices, consumer utility, and real output levels through the net trade expansion effect, but Myanmar, Laos, and Korea showed a greater trade diversion effect than trade creation, and in particular, Korea was found to be negatively affected in other indicators.