Earticle

우리나라 가계가 주류 구입에 지출하는 비용은 글로벌 금융위기 이후 빠르게 증가하고 있으며, 특히 수 입 주류에 대한 소비가 큰 폭으로 증가하여 가계의 소득 증가율을 두 배 이상 초과하고 있다. 그런데 수 입주류에 대한 소비패턴은 수입주류에 따라 크게 다르게 나타나고 있다. 이에 본고는 포도주, 브랜디, 맥 주, 위스키와 같은 수입 주류가 각기 다른 행태를 보이는 원인을 밝힌다. 여기에는 예측오차의 분산분해, 충격반응함수, 전향적 이동회귀, BCG 매트릭스가 이용된다. 수입 주류가 내생적인가를 밝히기 위해 분산 분해를 실시하여 포도주 수입량과 브랜디 수입량은 내생적인데 비해 맥주 수입량과 위스키 수입량은 외생 적임을 보인다. 또한 GDP 충격에 대한 반응이 환율충격에 대한 반응보다 크고 오래 지속된다는 것과 양의 경제성장 충격과 환율충격에 대해 주류수입이 양의 반응과 음의 반응을 보임을 밝힌다. 전향적 이동회귀분 석을 실시하여 GDP 계수가 4개 주류 모두에서 시간의 경과와 더불어 하락하며, 포도주와 브랜드의 소득계 수 감소는 느리게 이루어지는데 비해 맥주와 위스키의 감소는 빠른 속도로 이루어진다는 것을 보인다.

Korean households' expense for alcoholic beverage is on the steady increase and this causes imported liquor to grow continuously. The import behavior, however, depends greatly on liquor items, which are wine, brandy, beer and whisky. This paper, hence, aims to analyse the import demand for liquor. The import demand for liquor is modelled as a function of gross domestic product and exchange rate and then estimated using econometric methods such as variance decomposition of forecast error, impulse response function and rolling regression. The variance decomposition shows that the import quantities are endogenous to the economic variables for of wine and brandy, while the exogeneity is very strong for beer and whisky. The rolling regression shows that the income coefficients are on the fall for all items, but the decrease margins of beer and whisky are much greater than those of wine and brandy. The impulse responses indicate that import to the shocks in exchange rate dampens quickly to its pre-shock level, while the shocks in the GDP last very long. The accumulative responses to the GDP increase of 10 trillion won are the increase of 2,643 ton, 104 ton, 5,514 ton, and 372 ton for respectively, amounting to 7.3 percent, 8.6 percent, 1.7 percent and 1.8 percent of its import volume as of 2017.

Recently, the B2C cross-border e-commerce has been rapidly increasing. According to this trend, the laws and regulations related B2C cross-border e-commerce should be prepared to clarify the concepts and areas between e-trade and B2C cross-border e-commerce. First, B2C cross-border e-commerce laws and regulations should be prepared to improve the laws related to B2C cross-border e-commerce. Second, it is urgent to unify the terms related to B2C cross-border e-commerce, which is used variously in relation to B2C cross-border e-commerce. Third, it is necessary to revise various support systems for e-commerce and e-trade infrastructure according to the characteristics of B2C cross-border e-commerce. Fourth, B2C cross-border e-commerce professional support center and committee for dispute settlement are necessary. Also, in order to efficiently support and manage B2C cross-border e-commerce, it is necessary to unify management institutions.

In this study, an empirical analysis of the purchasing power parity(PPP) was conducted through the movement of the real exchange rate of the Korean won against the US dollar, Japanese yen, and Euro. To consider the effect of structural change two analytical nonlinear and asymmetric approaches are constructed. In particular, specific nonlinear framework is able to cover asymmetry but no consistent conclusions have been drawn on the support of the purchasing power paradigm. In case of the real exchange rate for the Korean won against US dollar, the purchasing power parity is supported in both models. As the analysis that includes the period of the global financial crisis from the US was carried out, there is a high possibility that the structural change of the data was implied. The empirics for the purchasing power appraisal is consistent with the hypothesis based on nonlinear and asymmetric frameworks.

In this study, we analyzed the determinants of Korean cultural contents imports for Korean Wave expansion. As a result of analyzing the whole country, the exports of Korean cultural contents have a positive effect on the export of Korean cultural contents to neighboring countries. Exports and income levels of Korean products, whether to join the WTO, and intellectual property royalties seem to have a positive impact. However, it has been analyzed that the variables of participation in the Convention on the Protection of Cultural Diversity are negatively affected. There is a spatial effect in Asia, Europe, America and Africa, but there is no spatial effect in the Middle East and Oceania due to relatively heterogeneous cultural acceptability and geographical barriers. Strategies should be developed to expand Korean Wave culture through Asia (FDI, FTA), Europe (GDP, intellectual property rights), America and Oceania (export), Africa (FDI) and Middle East (export and FDI).

This study intends to contribute to established the coherent document examination standards and to prevent of disputes resulted from the discrepancies of the commercial invoice(C/I). It is designed to look over disputes about C/I between the parties and opinions given by ICC, classifying into formal and description requirements. The case analysis showed that the trend of documents examination have been being changed to substantial compliance from strict compliacne. The C/I is the most important document among presented documents and fulfills functions of statement of performance and billing statement. So, The examiner and presenter of documents should make efforts to mitigate mutual cognitive inconsistencies based on an misunderstanding of accurate criteria for examinations of documents.

Since Hanjin filed for receivership by the Korean Court in 2016, her vessels were arrested at some ports by creditors and they could not have carried out their voyages to the destination ports in the schedule. The contract of carriage was terminated at a place other than the destination. Hanjin would liable for their breach and tort liability of carriage contract to cargo owners, but the claim against them was significantly costed due to their bankruptcy. The marine cargo insurance sometimes cover the forwarding charges and sometimes not. Two marine cargo insurances,“old policy”(ICC, 1963) and “new policy”(ICC, 1982), have mostly been using in Korea. This study analyses and compares all relevant clauses of two policies and suggest solutions for the bona-fide cargo owner.

Although many studies have reported meaningful research on the acceptance of foreign brand, they have been focused on the effect of country of origin or Korean wave. Country of origin is significant as external information cue in evaluating foreign products by consumers, and Korean wave is also considered to be a major tool in explaining acceptance of cross-cultural studies. However, it seems somewhat lacking in explaining the excessive acceptance of particular brands in some countries in recent years. This study focused on the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) phenomenon as a tool to explain this, and tried to mature the argument about the acceptance of foreign brand. The results of this study show that FoMO has a strong influence on brand evaluation similar to preference on country of origin. In addition, this study was able to verify that FoMO is a useful tool for measuring consumer psychology in explaining offline cultural follow up phenomenon. This study aims to suggest strategic implications for Korean firms seeking to enter the Chinese market.

This paper is focused on how to utilize Change in Tariff Classification (CTC) criterion to improve the utilization of FTAs. CTC criterion is widely used due to high preference of companies and merits of its own, but sometimes, it causes unintended results because of item classification method of the Harmonized System(HS) table. In order to avoid this problem, a set of products were divided into two groups: a group that can easily meet CTC criterion and; the other with relative difficulties to satisfy the required criterion. This study has proven that for industrial products like machinery and electronic devices, the restrictiveness of CTC criterion is dependent on the parts classification on the HS table. This paper implies that it is useful to assess the impact of parts classification on the restrictiveness of CTC criterion in order to make it sure to set appropriate product-specific rules of origin in FTAs, and thereby to ensure the impact of FTAs to be applied across all industries. Moreover, this paper may be a reference in upgrading the rules of origin in existing FTAs as well as negotiating new FTAs in future.