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This study focuses on examining the effects of two different types of Korean Wave factors and the website characteristics on Malaysian consumers’ purchase attitude and intention toward two different types of Korean products(beauty and IT/electronics) in cross-border e-commerce(CBEC). Furthermore, this study seeks to investigate the role of attitude as a key mediator between the antecedents and purchase intention. The dada were analyzed using PROCESS macro by Hayes. The result revealed that, in general, the economic korean wave has more distinct and stronger effect on purchase attitude and intention than cultural korean wave. Also, Technology Acceptance Model still explains consumer’s acceptance of the use of CBEC platform and the role of attitude as a key mediator. Analyzing each of the two different kinds of products under two different consumer groups, This study helps Korean consumer goods companies and CBEC platform practitioners better understand the factors affecting purchase attitude and intentions toward Korean products through CBEC in the marketing aspect. Additionally, this study suggests that there also needs political efforts to support the economic and cultural Korean waves on a government level.

This study examines the structural changes in the trade patterns of high tech industries focusing on Korea China, and the USA. The analysis period covers 2010, 2015, and 2020, and the export market share was analyzed using the Constant Market Share(CMS) analysis. The high tech industries consist of 9 sub-industries according to the OECD classification, and a CMS analysis was conducted for each industry. In terms of the proportion of high tech industries in manufacturing exports, Korea has a relatively high share of 39.6% in 2020, compared to China’s 28.4% and the USA’s 25.8%. When examining the market share of the 9 high tech industries, China shows an increasing trend in its global market share over the period, while the those of the USA and Korea are decreasing. In terms of individual sub-industries within the high tech industries, all three countries have the highest proportion in the electronics and telecommunications industry. The decomposition of market share changes by factors indicates the changes in the supply factors are the main drivers of the market share changes.

This paper delves into the increasing importance of digital trade and the concurrent necessity to establish robust digital trade norms. Its primary objective is to shed light on the relatively understudied digital trade strategy employed by China within the ongoing academic and policy discourse surrounding digital trade norms. The study critically examines the approaches undertaken by key actors such as the United States, the European Union, and China, with a particular emphasis on their endeavors to shape digital trade norms through trade agreements and domestic policy frameworks. By offering in-depth insights, this research aims to inform South Korea’s future strategic considerations and contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the fragmented landscape of international norms governing digital trade.

This study aims to analyze various aspects of the foreign trade of the opening period in Joseon through the analysis of new port-opening era trade data, not previously used. The ‘various aspects’ in this study include (1) trends in foreign trade during the port-opening era, which encompass the value of imports and exports of the three Joseon trade bureaus, the tonnage of entered vessels, and trends of collected tax amounts; (2) port-specific trade volume analysis, which includes the import value of Western goods per port, the export v alue o f domestic p roducts, a nd t rends in imports/exports/ship tax per port; and (3) country-specific trade volume analysis, which includes the total export/import value ratio between Joseon and key foreign countries, and trends in the tonnage of vessels from major foreign countries entering Joseon. Therefore, this study has significance in that it expands our understanding of the opening period of Joseon by analyzing the foreign trade patterns of early opening period Joseon based on new trade data that were not utilized before. Through this research, it is expected to derive implications about the trade trends and characteristics of Joseon as shown in the opening era Joseon trade data.

This research paper aims to introduce a novel business model tailored for the Digital Document Intermediary Platform in terrestrial freight transport. Drawing insights from a comprehensive case study on maritime freight intermediary platforms, the study underscores the evolving incorporation of digital technology within the logistics sector. Leveraging the Business Model Canvas (BMC) framework, an integrative terrestrial freight intermediary platform imbued with advanced digital technology is presented. The proposed platform ingeniously exploits cutting-edge digital technologies, including IoT, Block Chain, AI, Cloud, and Big Data. This seamlessly integrates functionalities such as Cargo Tracking, Smart Contract, Smart Freight Matching, Cloud Logistics Platforms, and Programming Interfaces (APIs). Building upon extant literature and findings, the research advocates for the wider adoption of digital technologies in shaping the future of terrestrial transportation.

During the Trump administration and the recent Biden administration, the U.S. trade policy has primarily focused on national interests, leading to trade sanctions against China. However, with the outbreak of the war in Ukraine, the US trade policy shifted its focus from sanctions against China to imposing economic and trade sanctions on Russia. The deterioration of U.S. relations with Russia and China has prompted the United States to strengthen ties with its traditional allies, expanding its geopolitical position. In the wake of the war in Ukraine, the United States is adopting a strategy to safeguard core technologies, which are vital for future growth, and implementing trade policies that differentiate between hostile and friendly countries. This strategy is expected to persist in the future, necessitating objective analysis by Korea to align with the evolving US trade policy trends and safeguard its national interests. This paper examines the changes in US trade policy after the Ukraine War. Chapter II analyzes the shifts in US trade policy both before and after the war, focusing on war deterrence through economic sanctions (financial sanctions, export controls on specific goods, and trade sectors) , including the cancellation of most favored nation status for Russia, and the impact on sectors such as energy and agriculture. We also explore strategies such as enhancing advanced technology security and bolstering the domestic economy, which involve the enforcement of the CHIPS Act, implementation of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), strengthening cooperation with traditional allies, and promoting IPEF to secure supply chains. Chapter III highlights the differences from the pre-war US trade policy, and in the final chapter, Chapter IV, the policy implications of these changes in US trade policy for Korea are analyzed. The altered US trade policy after the Ukraine War has implications for Korea’s trade environment. Moreover, it significantly affects Korea’s cooperative reconstruction project with Poland in the aftermath of the war in Ukraine.

As digital technology advances and online transactions become more widespread, online exports are becoming increasingly important. Online exports can be a great way for small businesses to reach overseas markets. Therefore, to promote online exports of SMEs, the Online Export Support Plan is as follows: First, it is necessary to establish an online export ecosystem so that SMEs can obtain the human resources and the financing. Second, it should support training programs for SMEs to build online export capabilities. Third, it is necessary to build the infrastructure SMEs need to facilitate online exports and address their pain points. Fourth, it is to recognize that each country’s export certification system can act as a barrier to exporting. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive support service for export certification for SMEs. Finally, it is necessary to establish online import and export transaction practices and to prepare laws and regulations that can systematically support online export SMEs.

Today, global society is being faced a variety of large-scaled natural and man-made disasters. These disasters are occasionally external, unforeseeable, irresistible, and render performance under the contract impossible. As a traditional commercial doctrine, these kind of disasters are recognized as force majeure (FM), and performance of contractual obligation is excused as well as the related contract is terminated. Such a FM is very important especially in case of international long-term contracts in the context of risk allocation between the contracting parties. Normally, parties to a contract allocate their contractual risks by expressly defining what constitutes FM events. Although there are some essential elements in a FM clause, the FM definition clause including enumeration of FM events is the most important clause as a base and starting point to invoke the FM clause successfully. The main concern of this paper is to examine, in both practical and legal aspects, how to draft well the FM definition (requirements) clause and illustrate the related event lists in FM clauses in international long-term commercial contracts. As a result of this study, the author emphasizes some important considerations to take into when businessmen draft the FM definition clause and enumerate the lists of illustrative events. It includes thorough understanding of individual national law and international uniform contractual law, as a governing law, model (standard) FM clauses of international organizations such as ICC, FIDIC etc. And also, it is desirable for the parties in practical aspects to make good use of their tailor-made clauses and catch-all clauses for well-drafted FM events.

For a fluctuation in the exchange rate to cause a change in the trade balance, exports and imports must respond sufficiently. The sum of the exchange rate elasticity of exports and the exchange rate elasticity of imports must have a magnitude of at least one, i.e., the Marshall-Lerner-Robinson condition must be satisfied. In this study, we decompose exchange rate into depreciation and appreciation and analyze whether the MLR condition is satisfied in each case using cointegration, DOLS and FMOLS. In the case of Korea, both exports and imports respond to exchange rate depreciation, but not to exchange rate appreciation. This results suggests that exchange rate have asymmetric effects on the trade balance.

This study aims to analyze the mediating effect of organizational commitment on the relationship between ESG activities and business performance in Korean logistics companies. The results show that governance responsibility activities impact business performance while social responsibility undertakings influence organizational commitment, subsequently affecting business performance. Furthermore, organizational commitment plays a mediating role in the relationship between corporate social responsibility activities and business performance.

The purpose of this study is to survey and analyze the influence of trust upon dependence, satisfaction and long-term relationship. Despite the threat of the global business environment due to the COVID-19 incident, companies continue to make win-win efforts to produce positive results through interdependent and cooperative relationships. The recent environment facing businesses has unpredictable uncertainty and complexity. In order to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of the company in this environment, it is important to maintain a continuous and stable relationship between distributors and manufacturers who are members of the marketing channel. In order for distributors and manufacturers to coexist, a stable long-term cooperative relationship must be created above all else, as it is a source of competitiveness strengthening for companies to continue their business activities and an essential concept of distribution channel strategy. Trust in each other is of paramount importance in order to achieve a continuous and long-term cooperative relationship between distributors and manufacturers. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the variables of trust, dependence, and satisfaction with the long-term relationship between distributors and manufacturers for Korean, U.S., and Japanese companies.

This study is to analyze the moderating effect of subcontracting business in the relationship between the level of internationalization and performance of SMEs. Since SMEs account for a very large portion of the Korean economy, the internationalization of SMEs is an important research topic to secure the international competitiveness of SMEs. However, in the existing studies on the internationalization of SMEs, there are still insufficient studies that accurately limited only SMEs, and most of them are analysis without consideration of subcontracting business, a major business type of SMEs. As a result of the analysis, the effect of internationalization on the performance of SMEs was derived differently depending on whether the customer was a large company or a SMEs. In other words, it was found that subcontracting business with large firm had a positive effect on internationalization and performance, while businesses with SMEs had a negative effect. This result provides implications for a subcontracting business as a strategic means highly utilized for SMEs growth as a complementary asset to supplement the resources insufficient for SMEs.

This study aims to study the effect and role of OTT service user tendencies on satisfaction and intention to continue using them. An online survey was conducted to verify the research model and hypothesis set in this study, and 280 valid responses were collected, and the responses were used to verify the hypothesis. The analysis results showed that user propensity consisted of four dimensions, functional pursuit, pleasure pursuit, social value pursuit, and cost reduction pursuit, and user propensity had a positive effect on satisfaction and continuous use intention. Among user tendencies, function-seeking tendencies showed the greatest influence on satisfaction, while reduction-seeking showed the weakest influence. Research results provided strategic implications for academic contributions and video service competition in that they identified differences in user tendencies in the field of OTT service-related research.

Most-Favored Nation (MFN) is one of the two core pillars of the non-discrimination principle, which is foremost significant philosophy of the GATT⋅WTO multilateral trade system. However, it has hardly been free from the criticism regarding its side effect like free-riding, and numerous exception clauses filled with ambiguity and generosity. Moreover, the MFN treatment is now often misused as a means to sanction or suppress competitors with the recent trend of de-globalization. The original intent of the principle must be reconfirmed while the WTO members are expected to continue seeking for timely amendment of the related rules.

This study examines whether firms’ cash holdings affect their performance during the COVID-19 crisis, using Korean firm data. We find that COVID-19 had a negative impact on firm performance. Furthermore, firms with larger cash holdings performed better than those with smaller cash holdings during the pandemic. These results suggest that cash reserves mitigated the adverse impact of COVID-19 on firm performance. We also find that the positive effect of cash holdings on firm performance was more pronounced for firms heavily reliant on exports, whose performance was significantly disrupted due to demand and supply shocks from the pandemic.