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This research explores the role of exhibitions as platforms for knowledge sharing and acquisition in a knowledge-based society where knowledge holds a competitive advantage. It investigates the motives of exhibition visitors from a knowledge-oriented perspective, categorizing their reasons for participating in face-to-face interactive exhibition spaces as primarily driven by tacit knowledge acquisition, classified into ‘tacit knowledge of information and knowledge,’ ‘experience and participation,’ and ‘networking.’ A survey was conducted with ‘G-Star’ game show attendees(n=244) in Busan, and principal component analysis was employed to validate the three underlying factors of tacit knowledge. Additionally, differences in the pursuit of tacit knowledge were examined based on the characteristics of G-Star exhibition visitors(B2B, B2C). This study contributes to a better understanding of the significance of exhibitions in a knowledge- based society and offers essential insights into the goals and interests of exhibition participants.

This study sought to examine whether customer empathy for Vietnamese hotel services influences the formation of rapport between customers and employees and improves customer citizenship behavior. Accordingly, in this study, customer empathy includes sub-elements such as cognitive empathy and emotional empathy, and Rapport viewed enjoyable relationship and personal commitment as inherent. For verification, an empirical analysis was conducted on a total of 447 samples. As a result of the verification, among the sub-elements of customer empathy for Vietnamese hotel services, emotional empathy had a positive effect on both enjoyable relationship and personal commitment, which are sub-elements of Rapport. On the other hand, cognitive empathy was found to have a positive effect only on enjoyable relationship. Additionally, rapport between customers and Vietnamese hotel employees was found to have a significant impact on customer citizenship behavior. The results of this study point out the limitations of cognitive empathy in building rapport because rapport between employees and customers plays an important role in the Vietnamese hotel industry, and suggest strategic implications for improving emotional empathy.

RMB internationalization improved in 2013 with the “Belt and Road” initiative. The scheme first regionaliz ed t he R MB i n Belt a nd R oad nations, t hen globalized i t. Chinese c ompanies’ worldwide development and foreign direct investment have increased due to the “One Belt, One Road” policy. This paper examines how Chinese OFDI affects RMB internationalization under the “Belt and Road” program. The analysis uses ARIMA and combines theoretical and empirical methodologies. The research targets Belt and Road ASEAN nations. The empirical research found that outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) may boost RMB recognition and ASEAN-China economic and financial relations. Thus, it would promote RMB acceptance and globalization in these locations.

We employ a time-variant parameter structure vector auto-regression model with stochastic volatility. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo method estimates a TVP-VAR model with stochastic volatility. We also employ different lag periods and time points to investigate the impact of economic policy uncertainty and the stock market on Korea’s trade. First, we find that the stock markets exert a positive impact on Korea’s imports and exports. Second, we find that the global economic policy uncertainty index has a negative impact on Korea’s imports. Third, we find that global economic policy uncertainty has a negative impact on Korea’s exports in the short-term, but a positive impact persists in the medium- to long-term. These findings reveal that the global economic policy uncertainty index will have an impact on the demand-side economy for Korea’s export trade. Since Korea is one of the major exporters of high-tech and high value-added products in the world, changes in global economic policies will directly impact the demand for commodities, thereby affecting Korea’s export trade. On the contrary, the uncertainty of Korea’s economic policy will impact the operation of exporting companies, namely, the supply-side economy.

This study analyzes the case of TSMC placed the dominant position in the foundry in the semiconductor industry but exposed to the political risks stemming from the US-China trade disputes. Based on the findings of the study, TSMC has strategically reacted to the political risks due to semiconductor nationalism and sanctions against trade and investment by the dispersion of production facilities, structural integration, and organizational capabilities to minimize the transaction costs. In particular, TSMC attempts to implement both compliance and challenge against the sanctions imposed by the US government and the effectiveness of this strategy is based on technological capacity, customer relations, and the prevailing position in the semiconductor supply chain. The case of TSMC shed a light on companies exposed to a political risk by indicating potential strategies to avoid possible risks as well as the importance of dynamic strategy to grasp opportunities. In addition, it also implied that structural integration and organizational capabilities were critical factors to immune from the potential political risks and to disperse the negative consequences.

The emergence of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1994 allows to reduce borders through openness, and facilitate the free trade movement, which drives foreign direct investment. This study investigates the effects of FDI on economic growth and the effects of the mediating effect of governmental institutions in the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and economic growth in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations spanning 2010 to 2021. Results reveal: firstly, FDI has a positive impact on economic development, secondly, governmental plays a pivotal mediating role in the relationship between FDI and economic growth. Thus governments should implement strategies to attract FDI for economic growth. Especially, governmental institutions as pathway of this relationship can boost a positive effect of FDI, which can lead to economic development.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the relationship between shopping value, shopping satisfaction, and behavioral intention for Vietnamese tourists visiting Korea. The survey was conducted for 30 days from August 15 to September 14, 2023, and an empirical analysis was conducted using 268 valid samples. Statistical processing of the data collected in this survey was analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 statistical package program. First, as a result of regression analysis on the effect of shopping value on shopping satisfaction, functional, emotional, exploratory, and situational factors were found to have a positive (+) effect on shopping satisfaction, so <Hypothesis 1> was partially adopted. Second, shopping satisfaction factor has a positive (+) effect on behavioral intention, and <Hypothesis 2> was adopted. Third, exploratory and situational factors were found to have a positive (+) effect on the behavioral intention, and <Hypothesis 3> was partially adopted. Through this study, we intend to provide practical implications for tourism institutions and practitioners in securing not only Vietnamese tourists but also other foreign tourists.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between perceived environmental uncertainty, social capital and performance of firm. And we also analyze the impacts of social capital under perceived environmental uncertainty on the performance of firm. As empirical results of analysis through structural equation modeling, there is a significant positive relationship between perceived environmental uncertainty and structural capital among the components of social capital. The social capitals have positive impacts on the improvement of performance of a firm such as customer, time and quality performance. These results show that forming and use of social capital as a strategy to overcome environmental uncertainty plays a major role in improving performance of firms.

The study addresses one of the contemporary and essential topics in modern finance, examining the financial determinants of corporate capital structure, the impact of which can be essential for a company to continue operating as a going concern. Domestic companies have been continuously implementing policies to control or adjust for target capital structure to maximize profits at the macro or corporate level. In the Korean capital market, there is relatively little research to compare one another for financial characteristics of the leverage ratio, based on firms headquartered in each separate province. In the study, KOSDAQ-listed sample firms in two particular regions such as Chungcheong province and Busan-Kyoungsang province are empirically compared with the counterparts in Seoul-Metropolitan area as control group. As with the other regions in the domestic market, the former province (Chungcheong) is actively transitioning to a new socioeconomic environments inclusive of financial area. The latter province (Busan-Kyoungsang), as the second largest provincial area, has traditionally hosted large economic and financial activities. As for the empirical research setting of the study, extensive econometric methodologies are applied to test three hypotheses over the sample period from 2011 to 2020 (a 10-year period). In comparison with those in Seoul Metropolitan area, profitability, the proportion of tangible assets to total assets and the establishment history of KOSDAQ-listed firms in the high-tech sector in Chungcheong Province are found to be high, while companies in Busan-Kyoungsang province are detected to be large in firm size, growth potential and dividend payout. Even if futher extended research is warranted to investigate financial components of corporate leverage in the other regions, the results may be used as a financial catalyst to control or adjust capital structure, which will maximize firm value from the perspective of corporate shareholders.

This study examined through empirical analysis to determine how the ratio of female executives in companies affects foreign direct investment. As a result of the analysis, first, it was found that the higher the ratio of female executives in a company, the greater the foreign direct investment. Second, it was found that the impact of the female executive ratio on foreign direct investment decreases as the CEO age (AGE) increases. Third, the impact of the female executive ratio on foreign direct investment was found to increase in larger companies. Fourth, it was confirmed that the impact of the female executive ratio on foreign direct investment increases as corporate performance (ROA) improves. The implications of this study are that governance (G) can be a factor in investment decisions for foreign investors at the present time. Therefore, it is expected that companies can consider this advantage for foreign investors when investing and learn from the impact of having no or few female executives in the governance structure to make improvements in the future. In addition, I believe that the ratio of female executives in corporate governance should be dealt with in depth, and that it presents specific and effective aspects on what direction efforts should be pursued.

Due to the absence in discipline mechanism for the start-ups, the start-ups in China show a low rate of survival. This study, drawn upon corporate governance theory, examines the relationship between ownership concentration and the firm value, reflecting the country uniqueness. While the reported relationships are inconsistent, we propose that, following the theory, at a lower level of ownership concentration, owners share vision and protect minority shareholders. However, beyond a threshold, concentrated ownership misaligns interests among large shareholders and infringe smaller shareholders under absence of discipline mechanism. Also, we propose that the state ownership constrains this effect of ownership concentration because state controls the firm to satisfy the political goal. Our dataset consists of 217 firms listed in CHASDAQ, with 1,085 firm-year observations during 2017-2021. The fixed-effect analysis supports our hypotheses. Overall, the statistical findings confirm the hypothesized inverted U-shaped relationship and the moderating effects of state ownership. Our study contributes to the corporate governance theory and the business-state relationship literature, by identifying the behaviors of shareholders.

We need to remind ourselves of the momentous values that should not be taken for granted although we live in a flood of earthly and transitory issues. One of examples is freedom. This motivates us to link the freedom with economy after exploring its philosophical and practical significances in history and contemporary issues. Further, this study pinpoints and measures inter-regime externality for the first time, which is caused by the regime, with the lack of freedom, but with the sizable participation in global value chain. Overlooking suppression of freedom for the reason that it is not in our backyard, would bring a cost reduction in the first place, but would end up with technology theft, illegal immigration, crimes, and harming free democracy in the end. It is dubbed as inter-regime externality by this study. The amount of externality received from the world is mostly found to be significant in explaining economic pains and performances.

The purpose of a treaty or agreement between countries should be its active use, not the conclusion itself. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the contents of the agreement increase the convenience of use for the parties. In particular, trade-related agreements aimed at expanding economic exchange and investment between contracting countries, such as FTAs, must be operated so that companies can actively utilize the given environment and receive benefits. However, many of FTA agreements in effect in Korea have limitation on the use of the already established global value chain, preventing efficient use of given resources. In addition, there are limitation in utilizing the FTA network established with many countries over the past 20 years. Accordingly, this study proposes a plan to revitalize the use of FTAs through expanded application of preferential production areas and cumulative regulations.

This study analyzed the impact of strengthening environmental policy stringency on Korea’s exports. A generaliz ed gravity model was used for analysis. Merchandise exports and service exports are used as dependent variables for Korean exports, and OECD’s environmental policy stringency index and its three sub-indexes are used as the strengthening of environmental regulations. The analysis period is from 1990 to 2020 for merchandise exports, and from 2005 to 2020 for service exports due to limitations in data usage. The analysis results are as follows. First, it was found that as the environmental regulations of trading partners become stronger, Korea’s merchandise exports increase. Second, as the market-based environmental regulations of trading partners become stronger, Korea’s exports of goods and services appear to increase. These two results support the pollution haven hypothesis. Third, Korea’s merchandise exports can be explained through the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson model. Fourth, the results of Korea’s service exports support Linder’s hypothesis when controlling for the effect of the market-based EPS gap.

This s tudy a nalyz es t he relationship between a verage c areer o f registered executives and R&D expenditure for firms listed on the Korea Exchange(KRX). As a result of empirical analysis, the lower the average career of registered executives, the higher the R&D expenditure. To prove the robustness of research model, we employ several sophisticated models and find that our resutls are rubust throughout different models. We apply additional analyses, in that we divide the sample into two groups: the age of CEO under 50 vs. over 50, and under 60 vs. over 60. The results show that R&D expenditures increase in firms whose average career of registered executives is under 50 and over 60. Additionally we test whether chaebol and non-chaebol firms exhibit different behaviors in R&D expenditure and the results support for non-chaebol firms. In conclusion, the lower the experience of executives of firms, the higher their R&D expenditures because of their future career concerns. The results imply that firms in R&D heavy industry should not shy away from hiring relatively yound executives.

In 2018, Musk and IBM jointly launched TradeLens, a blockchain platform. This system was the subject of global attention even before its development and was applied to the logistics field, which incurs the most costs in international commerce transactions. However, the service was discontinued due to lack of profitability compared to the enormous development costs. This study identified problems with commercialized blockchain trading platforms through a review of development and failure cases of blockchain trading platforms. In addition, the need to introduce blockchain middleware to link blockchain platforms developed with other technologies was suggested to be considered in order to solve the problems identified as a result of the research.

This study investigates how Green Country Image (GCI) of foreign vegan certificate influence purchasing behavior for vegan cosmetics. Three central questions guided the research: Does a strong GCI of foreign vegan certificate boost vegan cosmetics purchases? Does skepticism towards foreign vegan certificate weaken vegan cosmetics purchases? Does skepticism of vegan certificate weaken the GCI-purchase link? We surveyed 400 female consumers who frequently purchase vegan cosmetics and employed hierarchical regression analysis to empirically examine the study model. Our analysis confirmed that a strong environmental GCI of foreign vegan certificate indeed encouraged vegan cosmetics purchases. However, skepticism towards vegan certification marks counteracted this positive effect, highlighting the need to address consumer skepticism. This paper concludes by analyzing the theoretical underpinnings and practical implications of our research on GCI of foreign vegan certificate and vegan cosmetics.

This paper did comparative study on the role of central bank in gross faster fund transfer system between EU and USA. The paper is organized as fellows. In Section Ⅰ, The necessity and the purpose of research of this paper is outlined. The Section Ⅱ outlines previous research in domestic and foreign literature and the development process in gross faster fund transfer system of EU and USA. The Section Ⅲ contains a comparative explain about polices and payment process of central banks of both contries. In Section Ⅳ, I did comparative analysis polices of central bank including account management participation method, reserve requirement system, liquidity support system and inter-account liquidity transfer between the TIPS and the FedNow. In Section Ⅴ, I summarized the result and the contents of research and would like to suggest examination assignment to consider If the gross faster fund transfer system builds in Korea.

The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of companies’ efforts to search for innovation Knowledge, utilization for innovation knowledge and firm size on export participation. The additional purpose is to examine whether this relationship is moderated by industry. To achieve the purpose of this study, the analysis was conducted using the raw data of the ‘2020 Korean Innovation Survey: Manufacturing sector’ conducted by the Science and Technology Policy Institute. According to the results of raw data analysis, it was found that companies that more search for innovation knowledge are more likely to participate in exports. Second, companies that more utilization for innovation information are more likely to participate in exports. Third, the size of the firm influenced the firms’export participation. Large(and mid-sized) companies showed higher export participation than SMEs. However, this effect was not seen in some industries according to the results of dividing this effect by industry.

This study empirically analyzes the impact of ESG management on business performance of foreign subsidiaries. The results indicate ESG of local subsidiaries improve business performance measured by financial and non-financial performance in the perspective of multinational corporation. Intriguingly, social management has a significant influence in the relationship with financial performance as governance has similar influence in the relationship with non-financial performance. The results of this study suggests it is indispensable to establish a transparent decision-making process by disclosing company information to improve non-financial performance of local subsidiaries. The fact that the significance of environmental management is relatively low compared to social or governance means that environmental regulations of Korea do not reach the global level yet. Thus, efforts should be made for preemptive response measure in preparation for strengthened environmental regulations in the future.