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The decomposition of the exports of individual ports shows different patterns of performance. Some ports have a mediocre performance and experience a decrease in their share of exports, but other ports record a good export performance. This paper applies constant market share model and shift share model to export variation of individual ports. The constant market shares analysis shows that Incheon Port and Pyeongtaek Port suffering from poor export performance have negative value for the competitiveness effect, while the ports composed of Gwangyang Port, Busan Port, Ulsan Port, and Daesan Port experiencing export increase have positive values for the competitiveness effect between 2016 and 2018. The competitiveness effect has asymmetric effects on export variation since the competitiveness effect has a strong impact on the export decrease but exerts very weak influence for export increase. The shift share analysis also shows that Busan Port, Gwangyang Port, and Ulsan Port have comparative competitive advantage over the other three ports but their export increase is owing to world growth effect rather than their competitiveness.

The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of the export performance of small & medium enterprises in the export incubator support project. For this purpose, this study adopts resource-based view and network theory as the theoretical background, conducts literature research on related research, examines reliability of 51 samples of companies in export incubator among Korean small & medium enterprises, Confirmatory factor analysis, and regression analysis. The results of the empirical analysis are as follows. First, most of the factors except resource capacity factor (product differentiation, low cost, overseas marketing and information gathering capacity) based on resource - based theory have no significant relationship with export performance. Second, factors related to small & medium enterprises export incubation support project have a positive effect on export performance. Third, the intensity of cooperation use affects export performance positively. Third, under the control variable, firm size is a significant factor.

Organizational identification is a well-known topic in the field of human resources, but it has not commanded much research in the context of multinational corporations. Subsidiary managers act as boundary spanners and are, thus, likely to develop a dual organizational identification. This study aimed to examine the pattern of Chinese subsidiary managers’ organization identification and test how dual organizational identification affect the degree and direction of knowledge flow. A survey was conducted on China subsidiary managers. Managers were grouped into high comparable, disparate with subsidiary-oriented identification, disparate with MNC-oriented identification, and low comparable levels of dual organizational identification. Results confirmed the dual organizational identification of Chinese subsidiary managers and its effect on the degree and direction of knowledge flow. Results provided critical insight to international human resources management.

This paper aims to provide an analysis of WTO DSB Panel Report in China-Certain Measures Affecting Electronic Payment Services (DS413). In 2010, the United States initiated the case alleging that China had violated its market access and national treatment commitments under the GATS. The main issues include classification of the services, scope of China’s GATS commitments, and measures inconsistent with China’s market access obligation and national treatment obligation. This paper proceeds as follows. After the introduction in ChapterⅠ, ChapterⅡ provides the background of the dispute and procedural history. ChapterⅢ presents legal claims and major issues raised by the United States. ChapterⅣdiscusses the key findings in the panel report. The panel found that certain Chinese measures violated its GATS obligations by restricting foreign EPS suppliers. After adoption of the panel report, measures at issue were repealed or invalidated by the relevant Chinese government agencies.

This article relates the understanding electronic Bill of Lading, hereafter e-B/L. and The aim of this paper is to evaluate the possibilities of e-B/L. and this paper analyzes the paper B/L document's nature and evolution of its customary legal functions. The first function of B/L is that B/L attest to the nature and condition of the goods received for shipment by the carrier. B/L functions as receipt of cargo. and B/L functions not only as a function of estimating prima evidence of contract of carriage by sea but also as a document of title. The implementation of e-B/L is difficult because of the function of document of title in B/L. The real e-B/L should be capable of being transferred from one party to another through endorsement and delivery. The use of e-B/L decreases due to the wider use of the Delivery Order and Letter of Guarantee. also, The use of Surrender B/L hinders the diffusion of e-B/L.

This study analyzed the effects of the WTO's trade technology barrier and the free trade agreement's trade technology barrier on Korean companies. The analysis results are as follows. First, it was found that Korea received many TBT notices before the conclusion of the FTA, but it declined sharply after signing the agreement. Second, the analysis of the export effect of Korean companies shows that in the case of the Korea-US FTA, after the agreement was concluded, the export volume of the manufacturing industry increased, and the export volume had a positive effect on the management performance of Korean companies.