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This study conducted profitability and contribution analysis for each variable such as exchange rate and ripple effect of dynamic exchange fluctuations. Subject groups were 6 industry groups which hold large proportion in their industry, showing high simple regression analysis response result value against exchange fluctuations, and 5 business groups for each characteristics such as loan possession in manufacturing industry. Following results were obtained. In case of market fluctuation, company with high debt proportion or low scale of current assets appeared to be more sensitive to exchange rate and also the influence on profitability grew larger gradually as the time passed on. The exchange rate volatility was relatively more influencing issue, and in all companies the shock of exchange rate volatility on each time progress stage appeared to have negative effect on profitability. Dollar exchange rate volatility turned out to have weaker influence compared to Yen in OLS simple regression analysis estimation, yet the impulse response function analysis showed strong influence of dollar indicating that in long-term perspective, management on dollar exchange rate volatility is important in profit improvement. In company performance analysis on each variable of exchange fluctuations, more than 90% of the subject groups appeared to have the influence of individual capability difference in creation of outcome as the most critical influence.

Exchange rate volatility estimation is considered as an important concept in many economic and financial applications like currency rate risk management, asset pricing, and portfolio allocation. This paper attempts to explore the comparative ability of different statistical and econometric volatility forecasting models in the context of Korean won against US dollar, using 1,677 daily observations over a period of 7 years from June 1, 2009 to February 19, 2016. These data series are obtained from one of the most reliable sources in Korea, i.e., BOK online database. In this study, daily returns are the first difference in logarithm of closing prices of won exchange rate of successive days. This paper uses the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (GARCH) models to estimate volatility (conditional variance) in the daily log won value. Three different models are considered in this study. The volatility of the won exchange rate returns is modeled by using univariate GARCH models. These models are GARCH(1, 1), EGARCH(1, 1) and GJR(1, 1) for log difference of won exchange rate return series against US dollar. The models include both symmetric and asymmetric that capture the most common stylized facts about won exchange returns such as volatility clustering and leverage effect. In addition to the issues associated with the volatility itself, there is also the matter of the asymmetric nature of it, where the downward movements in the foreign exchange markets are marked by a higher volatility than upward movements of the same amplitude. It is evident from the findings that asymmetric models are superior to symmetric models in providing a better fit for the exchange rate volatility because of leverage effect.

Korea-China free trade agreement was come into effect on Dec 20 2015. We worry about damage on the our agricultural sector in spite of tariff protection. If first processed foods of the low tariff rates is imported from China, domestics growers will be damaged enormously. This study is the purpose of having to research the following points in Korea-China FTA. First is to calculate tariff protection index for the agricultural sector. Second is to look into effect on Korea's customs tariff system and flexible tariff other then the effect on the agricultural sector. And Korea Customs revenue may decrease significantly. The agricultural sector is traditional industry. Therefore require continuous interest and support of state.

UIP theory has been quoted as a theoretical framework to explain globalization process of the small and medium sized enterprise, new venture, and a big company. However, because of the environmental change, such as, development of the Internet and decreasing the meaning of national territory, the traditional theories have some difficulties to explain current globalization phenomena. So, the new theoretical perspectives, such as International New Venture(INV) theory and Born-Global firm, are emerged to explain current globalization, instead of traditional theories. The purpose of this study is to investigate the globalization phenomena of Busan-Kyongnam regional firms with the comparison between traditional theoretical perspective(UIP) and new theoretical perspective(INV). For a empirical study, questionnaire survey was used, and 207 copies are used for analysis. The analytical results show that some important factors which affect significantly to the globalization speed of firms, are exposed. These factors are technological level of firms, global orientation of top management teams, support from home country, and psychic distance to target market.

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of the economical relationship between China and Korea. In order to accomplish this goal, the dynamic pattern of international trade, so called international dynamic general equilibrium between Korea and China has to be constructed through the system dynamics approach. Based on macroeconomic data (Korea's GDP and China's GDP and Korea's export and import with China) from 1992 to 2014, quantitative analysis is done, and the long term effect of China's economy on the Korea's economy predicted. This research predicts the explicit deterioration of China's growth rate. Therefore, it is predictable that Korea's economy will be faced an economic difficulty because Korea's export relies heavily on the China's economy. Therefore, it is very important for Korea’s economy to have the right shield policy against the risk from China.

In this study, 12 factors were extracted in the results of analyzing the interaction of each workspace based on operation conditions of the container terminal. And this study discovered positioning of productivity improvement factors on by the benchmarking model using Delphi, AHP and IPA method. In the result of Fuzzy-AHP analysis, the weight between productivity elements of container terminal was the highest in equipment capacity and number. This study came to a conclusion that the productivity improvement factors that belonged to the quadrant Ⅳ were the equipment capacity and number, the berth size and the skill of operator. This result also concluded that these productivity improvement factors that requires intensive improvement.

It is being expanded to the budget and systematic support for startups and venture enterprises. However, they fail to climb over Death Valley, which is attributed to less investment of banks, angel investors and venture capitals. They are reluctant to invest in start-ups and venture companies because of the uncertainty and asymmetric information. Therefore, crowdfunding could be considered an alternative financing to cross Death Valley and swiftly raise funds for startups and venture enterprises. This study found out the financing ecosystem and staus of startups and venture enterprises as well as crowdfundig’s ecosystem and status. This study looked to find a crowdfunding activation measures.

The purpose of this study is to identify the important role of physical environment of duty-free shops in downtown in Korea. For this, it focused on knowing some influences of physical environment on Chinese tourists' emotional response. Then, it also figured out whether Chinese tourists' emotional response had significant effects on their behavioral intention. The results of the study were as follow: first, it appeared that physical environment of duty-free shops in downtown had a strong influence on Chinese tourists' emotional response. Second, it also indicated that Chinese tourists' emotional response caused by physical environments increased their behavioral intention.

Mongolian luxury brand market has been recording a high growth rate in last ten years. Global luxury brands have been designed and produced limited edition products specifically to stress the unavailability of products. Scarcity appeals have been known for some time to be a very important and widely used marketing strategies. Scarcity strategies are employed by sellers to influence consumer’s decision making. This study verify the influences of perceived scarcity on purchase intention through mediating variables perceived quality, assumed expensiveness, perceived symbolic benefits, uniqueness and perceived value. This study aimed to determine how luxury brand bags can cope with Mongolian consumer’s increasing interest in the scarcity.

We analyzes the relationship between stock returns and inflation in Korea using OLS, Markov-switching(MS-OLS) and IGARCH models. We measure the stock returns and the inflations by the monthly variations of the KOSPI price indexes and the consumer price indexes, respectively. Through the empirical evidence, we suggest that inflation have the negative effects of the real stock returns in bull markets, but have not any effects of it in bear markets during 1980.1-1999.12. and 1980.1-2016.6. Also we see that inflation have not any relations of the real stock returns during 2000.1-2016.6. Furthermore, we suggest that the unexpected inflation and expected inflation both have not influences on real stock returns during 2000.1-2016.6. However, our results show that unexpected inflation have the strong negative effects of the real stock returns in bull markets during 1980.1-1999.12 and 1980.1-2016.6. Therefore we conclude that the real stock returns have not the neutrality of inflation during 1980.1-1999.12, but have it and so hedge inflation during 2000.1-2016.6.

For strategies to develop Gwangyang Port as a green port, this study went through an Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). This study measured the relative importance of environmental control evaluation indicators with the aim of developing strategies to construct a green port that makes use of the advantages of Gwangyang Port. The results are summarized: The importance of the living environment was 0.833 while that of the natural environment was 0.107. That of the marine environment in the living environment was 0.614 while that of water quality in the natural environment was 0.525 which was the most significant. The final importance in the overall evaluation of items was: 0.437 for water quality, 0.240 for water quality and vibration, 0.103 for the marine environment, and 0.092 for the air quality. To develop a green port that makes use of the advantages of Gwangyang Port, efforts to increase eco-friendly infrastructure in more diverse ways should be made, and the port should be reborn in consideration of eco-friendliness and sustainability as well as efficiency in logistics.

세계무역의 흐름은 WTO를 중심으로 추진되고 있는 다자간 무역자유화와 지 역 중심으로 자유무역을 추진하는 지역무역협정(RTA)에 의해 이루어지고 있 다. 본 연구는 2002~2012년까지 아시아-태평양 무역협정(APTA)내 무역 패턴 의 결정요인을 분석하였다. 특히 관세와 비관세 장벽이 APTA회원국의 무역에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구모형으로 중력모형을 기반으로 이루어졌으며 무역의 흐름과 관세와 비관세장벽의 패널자료를 구축하여 무역의 패턴을 분석 하였다. 분석결과 관세 및 비관세장벽 모두 APTA회원국에 영향을 미치는 것 으로 분석되었다. 특히 비관세장벽의 영향력이 관세장벽보다 더 큰 것으로 나 타났다. 따라서 지역무역협정으로 무역의 확대와 효율성의 개선을 위해서는 비관세장벽을 제거하는 데 초점을 맞출 필요가 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

The formation of regional trade agreements (RTAs) are changing the international trade, especially in terms of reduction and removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers. The Asia and the Pacific is not untouched with this phenomenon and the number of RTAs in the region has seen an increase since early 1990s. Asia-Pacific economies have turned now into major contributors to a global build-up of RTAs. Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA) as the oldest RTAs in this region. However do not have any studies focus on its tariff and non-tariff measure issues. Thus in this paper, we are using the gravity model, evaluates the impact of elimination of non-tariff related trade cost on intra-APTA exports keeping in view the future negotiating prospects of FTA. And evaluated that nowadays NTMs becoming much stronger determination factors in bilateral trade than the traditional tariff barrier measures which could provide restrict market access. The NTMs represent a challenge for exporters as well as importers and raise the price of goods traded.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the characteristics and problems of the anti-dumping measures and system of India on Korean exporters, and to provide policy implications how to address these problems. The main result of research can be summarized as follows. First of all, the anti-dumping system of India seems to be, at least apparently, consistent with that of WTO anti-dumping agreement. However, when considering the actual application of its system to Korean exporters, it seems to have the lack of transparency, clarity and concreteness. Moreover, it has the characteristics of non-application and double application, thus resulting in the atmosphere of protectionism. From the perspective of Korean government, she must pay more attention to deal with these problems. After identifying all the problems laid in anti-dumping system and measures in India, Korean government should set up a special task force composed of firms, KOTRA and KITA, and related officials to deal with India’s continuous anti-dumping measures. Most important thing is to devise some special ways of cooperation between this task force and DGAD of India. Finally, Korean government should pay more attention to on-going international trade environments such as Mega FTA in order to change and clarify India’s Anti-Dumping system.

This study tests whether the level of foreign ownership in a firm is inversely related to information asymmetry between firm and market. Since information asymmetry is nor directly observable and is difficult to measure, it is used ERC(Earning Response Coefficient) to measure information asymmetry indirectly. And we investigate trading behavior and investment performance of foreign investors in 100 large-size firms listed on the Korea Stock Exchange. Strong evidence is found that foreign investors employ momentum strategies of buying past winners and selling past losers , while no evidence is found that foreign investors herd on market consensus. Findings show that foreign investors are short-term superior performers.

The Foreign Direct Investment to enhance the competitiveness of companies and countries will be an important factor. Korea, China and Japan are competing in foreign direct investment. The purpose of this paper is to find the determinants of Korean, Chinese and Japanese Companies’ FDIs using the spatial autoregressive model. Most previous studies ignored spatial interdependence to analyze the determinants of outward FDI. Empirical results of Korean FDIs shows per POP, IM and spatial effects are positive and significant variables. Results of Chinese FDIs show per GNI, POP, EX, IM and spatial effects are positive and significant variables. But Results of Japanese FDIs reveal that spatial effects are insignificant.

The impact of integration on performance is one of main issues in the Supply Chain Management literature. Many studies showed that integrative supply chain framework positively affect firm and supply chain performance. However, only few studies have analysed underlying constructs of supply chain integration and the impact of each construct on the supply chain performance. The main objectives of this paper are: to analyze the different underlying dimensions of the supply chain integration construct and to analyze the impacts of the underlying constructs of supply chain integration(practices, patterns and attitudes) on supply chain relationship performance. The survey conducted among Korean manufacturing firms. The results showed that the three underlying constructs of supply chain integration have significant direct impacts on supply chain relationship performance. However, interdependence(one of integration pattern variables) doesn’t have significant direct impact on supply chain relationship performance. In the conclusion, research directions and limitations are also discussed.