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Our study examined the effect of the ESG rating provided by KCGS on financial performance. The samples included in this study are 429 manufacturing companies listed on the Korea Exchange for which KCGS rated ESG scores, and the period is from 2017 to 2021. The empirical result is shown that the ESG integration rating, environment, social, and governance rating have a significant positive effect on ROA as the accounting-based variable, and that the ESG integration rating and social rating have a significant positive effect on Tobin’s Q the market-based variable. The implication of this study is that it has provided evidence on the impact of ESG on performance academically, and in practice it informs that managers need more attention to ESG as it is an operational activity that can have a positive impact on financial performance.

Nowadays, international freight forwarder can important roles in the international air cargo transportation. The purpose of this study is present on the legal relationship of the party of contract of international carriage of cargo by air which focused on the legal status of the international freight forwarder. An international freight forwarder has four different kinds of legal status in korea. First, they can role as the pure definition of the freight forwarder which they have status of a shipper as a party to the carriage contract in this cases. Second, they are acts an agent of the shipper, which they are no relation to air carrier and not as a party of the contract. The party of contract of carriage are the shipper, and the international freight forwarders will according to order of shipper in this case. Third, they are acts an agent of the air carrier, and which called forwarder consolidation who perform all the service such as arranging for consolidation or relation of logistics and delivery of the goods. They are not immediately a party to the contract of carriage but they have as the status of air carrier and plays from the receipt of the goods to delivery with a consignee. Fourth, they are acts as the contracting carrier who as a party to the contract of carriage, undertaking the responsibility for the period of carriage upon issuing AWB as the air carrier. They are issuing the HAWB to an actual shipper and they are receives the MAWB from an actual carrier, therefore they have must a break bulk agent to delivery of carriage goods by air in the arrives area. In conclusion, they are must considering to the different of duty and liability of the legal status not only as the freight forwarder but also as the contracting carrier.

With the unpromising drift of now both legislative and judiciary functions of the WTO, FTA has long been emerging not only as a substitute, but also as a reliable system of international trade. Particularly at this juncture of the elevating international competition, the TBT regulations in the FTAs provide meaningful guide for ideal development of trade regulations focusing on the principle of transparency. In many cases, the FTA TBT chapters have constantly enhanced transparency, by making the principle legally omnipresent throughout the chapter, engaging with specific industries and products, and reifying some formally-vague concepts like reasonable lengths of certain period. The future TBT rules will likely follow these directions, and prevent unnecessary trade conflicts and disputes.

It is clear that the current conflict between environmental regulation and trade liberalization will continue. In the best case scenario, WTO agreements resolve these conflicts and unify and regulate environmental regulations within the international trade system. One of the prominent policy goals in recent decades is to promote trade policies that benefit developing countries. Article 12(3) of the TBT Agreement is one provision that reflects this objective, and is intended to ensure that as countries promulgate more complex and far-reaching regulations, the concerns of developing countries are not ignored and that such regulations do not create unnecessary barriers to trade. For other countries enacting similar regulations as Europe, it is important to communicate proactively with trading partners in developing countries who are most likely to be affected by the regulation. Such communication will not only serve to document compliance with Article 12(3), but also foster a spirit of international cooperation and negotiation as regulating States “take into account” the needs of developing countries.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of sustainable management strategies on non-financial performance as a sustainable competitive advantage, and to examine the moderating effects of organizational factors on sustainable management strategies and performance. To collect appropriate data for the study, we selected companies to survey based on panel data from small and medium-sized enterprises nationwide collected by the Small and Medium Business Administration in 2022. The survey was conducted on manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises with 100 or more employees and total sales of 5 billion or more. Empirical analysis shows that organizational factors (innovative organizational culture, SMCS system) have a significant moderating effect on sustainable management strategies and performance.

The transition of China’s economy to high-quality development has put forward new requirements for vocational education and Upgrade of Chinese Human Capital. Since the 1990s, vocational education has gone through two stages. The first one focused on scale expansion and the improvement of school running conditions. The second one was about strengthening the connotation construction as well as improving the level of running schools, which served as a milestone for entering a new stage of transformation to high-quality development. To better prepare the high-quality vocational talents for the transformation of economic development, this paper analyzes the main existing problems in vocational education based on the historical review of the thirty years development of vocational education of China. These problems are as follows. The hierarchical structure of vocational education needs to be perfected. The professional structure of vocational education needs to be optimized. The characteristics and brand advantages of vocational education are not obvious. The power for school-enterprise cooperation and integration of industry and education is far from strong. On this basis, this paper puts forward the ideas of promoting the high-quality development of vocational education: connecting with industries and constructing the dynamic adjustment mechanism of the profession; to meet the needs of society and promote the higher level of vocational education; adhere to innovative development, strengthen the construction of characteristic brand; improving the impetus of school-enterprise cooperation and promoting the deep integration of industry and education.

China’s strategy of “One Belt, One Road” brings considerable development opportunities to the Beibu Gulf in Guangxi Province. With considerations to development situations of the Beibu Gulf, influencing factors of logistics development in the Beibu Gulf were analyzed and an evaluation system of logistics competitiveness of ports was established in the present study. Moreover, competitiveness of ports was investigated using the entropy weight method. Some strategies to improve logistics competitiveness of ports in the Beibu Gulf in Guangxi Province were proposed according to analysis results. first, Ports in the Beibu Gulf shall take the initiative to expand capacities, increase berths, develop importance of basic functions, further increase cargo passing capacity, realize multi-mode cooperation of “railway, highway and waterway”, shorten transport mileage, save operating cost, and thereby increase cargo handling capacity. second, A port logistics center with industrial clusters and integrated functions is built up by centering at modernized ports. Ports shall set up waterway, highway and railway combined transport center to match with modern logistics system. Moreover, traffic facilities shall be perfected to relieve traffic pressure at ports and increase their collecting and distribution efficiencies. third, Facing with new economic situations, the Beibu Gulf spares no effort to promote structural reform and take stable growth and promoting structural reform as the principal line of economic work of the year. Centered at the goal of economic development, it is adjusting industrial structures, changing development mode, improving people’s living standards and perfect social insurance system. Under the premise of perfecting and consolidating agricultural economic and stable development of industrial economy, the Beibu Gulf shall develop service industry vigorously and further optimize the economic structure. Forth, After successful settlement of the Guangxi FAZ, the Qinzhou Port area can drive foreign trade economy to some extent and stimulate development of logistics service industry and relevant industries indirectly. The importance of FAZ to port logistics lies in its freedom and convenience. Hence, freedom and convenience of ports shall be concerned fully to strengthen logistics competitiveness of ports. In addition, impacts and challenges from other ports will surely intensify the resource competition of port logistics in future. Hence, it has to further improve freedom and convenience of the Beibu Gulf to cope with increasing challenges and threats.

In this study, an empirical analysis was conducted using SEM(Structural Equation Modeling) to analyze the influencing factors that affect the causal relationship between the quality of life and economic growth. As an independent variables for economic development, the World Governance Index, the Sustainable Development Goals Index, Trade and Foreign Direct Investment ware chosen to characterize the factors such as political, social and environmental, and economic factors, respectively. According to the result of the study, economic growth has a statistically positive effect on the Human Development Index, which is an objective criterion for quality of life, and does not directly affect subjective quality of life, but it is significant in analysis through the Human Development Index. In addition, the World Governance Index and the Sustainable Development Goals Index were found to have direct and indirect effects on both economic growth and subjective and objective quality of life.