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This study applies investment development path theory to a recent successful FDI attraction case of Vietnam. The fixed effect panal data estimations for a total of 20 sample countries including Vietnam were applied initially and further for a subset of 11 Asian countries. In the regression of net outward investment(NOI) for the sample period of 2000 to 2018 on the level of economic development as proxied b y GDP per capita and t he s quared G DP p er c apita, t he i nvestment development path t heory was generally confirmed. Significant country specific effects were found especially in the analysis for the subset of 11 Asian countries in the panel regression analysis.

This study investigates asymmetric relationship from exchange rate fluctuation to the stock market. To investigate the extended factor in the existing framework empirical analysis were conducted in terms of following two aspects. Firstly, based on the analytical results of the existing linear approaches such as co-integration test, we extend the model to the asymmetric nonlinear model. Secondly, we analyse the predictive performance on VAR, ECM, asymmetric NARDL models. From the empirical analysis, it is shown that the foreign exchange rates dynamics has non-linearities to the stock market and asymmetric model shows more predictive performance. The above empirical result implies that it is necessary to consider the non-linear and asymmetric dynamics to properly capture the exchange rate effect on the stock market.

After the WTO was notified of the Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) between Mongolia and Japan in June 2016, all WTO members have implemented RTAs. As such, FTA preferential trade is becoming more common, and the importance of certificate of origin has come to force. The goal of this study is to examine the validity of various forms and to propose the applicability of swift preferential tariffs focused on scanned-certificates of origin. It is difficult to completely replace paper documents with electronic documents. However, when the paper documents are converted into sanned-documents, it allows not only prompt transmission but also reduction of document storage cost. As for Korea, application and issuance of the certificate of origin are being processed electronically. Therefore, the confirmation of authenticity is not necessary. However, when it was processed to other countries where Electronic Origin Date Exchange System (EODES) has not established, there are still many c hallenges f or s wift c learance b ecause d igital o ne i s converted b ack to t he p aper o ne. This requires the confirmation of authenticity. As a solution for this issue, this paper suggest the system that electronically issued scanned-certificate of origin c an b e verified b y the issuing agency d irectly. Under t his proposed s ystem, swift c ustoms clearance and preferential tariffs would be possible even if EODES is not established.

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of additional tax by the customs law and tax law. Tax Administration can impose extra additional tax, in addition to the ordinary rate. Extra additional tax is payable at the rate of 20 per cent, meaning that the total additional tax payable is 40 per cent in serious cases. In particularly serious cases, the additional tax administration can impose extra additional tax at the rate of 40 per cent, in addition to the ordinary rate. To identify whether the additional tax will exist if the original tax rate is invalid or illegal. We will investigate the precedent case of supreme court and tribunal judge what they make decisions in the disputes of tax collection between tax authority and claimant for adjudgment. The results shows that if there is no original tax rate, additional tax rate will not exist.

Prior to 2 010, C hinese c ourts allowed parties to u se i nternational a rb itration t hrough a rb itration agreements o nly if t here w ere internationality f actors o n the sub ject, ob ject a nd l egal f acts o f the contract. However, due to the rapid economic growth and internationalization, various types of contracts and transactions have emerged, so it is no longer possible to judge the internationality of related contracts based on existing criterion. Accordingly, the Supreme People’s Court of China enacted judicial interpretations such as ‘Interpretation of the Law on the Application of the International Civil Relations’ in 2012, ‘Interpretation on the Application of the Civil Procedure Act’ in 2015, and ‘Opinion on the Guarantee of Free Trade Zones’ in 2016, and the acceptance scope of internationality factors is expanded. As a result, the extent to which Chinese parties can resolve disputes through international arbitration has been expanded, and if the subject, object, and legal facts of the contract are consistently related to foreign countries, it is recognized that there is a factor of internationality and disputes can be settled through international arbitration. Therefore, when Korean investment companies in China attempts to s ettle disputes b y arb itration u sing an arb itration i nstitute o ther than China, the c ompanies s hould make arbitration agreements considering that a factor of a Korean investment company is not recognized as an internationality factor but it is recognized as a factor of internationality when the foreign goods are traded in China.

At present, the home-stay sharing industry all over the world is developing rapidly. Take the home-stay sharing industry in The Chinese market as an example, there are not only multinational companies like Airbnb, but also many local brands. This paper hopes to make an empirical study on the operation of the home-stay sharing industry platform in the Chinese market and draw a conclusion worthy of reference. Compared with traditional e-commerce, there are more obvious tripartite relationships among sellers, platforms and buyers in the Sharing business ecology. Among them, the intermediary and regulating role of Sharing business platform for the relationship between buyers and sellers becomes the core to ensure the sound operation of Sharing business. In this paper, users of the four leading platforms in the Chinese market, Airbnb, Tujia Home Stay and Xiaozhu Home Stay, are selected as research samples. The research model was validated by questionnaire survey and factor analysis. By studying the influence of the two core functions of Shared commercial platforms, “platform credit mechanism” and “platform personalized recommendation”, on the purchase intention of Sharing Home Stay tenant, effective Suggestions are proposed for the further improvement of the operation of Sharing accommodation platform.

In this study, This study analyzed the determinants of K-Food export through a spatial effect model. There is a s patial e ffect that K -Food export h as a p ositive effect o n K-Food e xport to n eighb oring countries. It is important to develop a K-Food export strategy in consideration of these spatial effects. Governments and corporations need to develop aggressive strategies using ICT. An industrial foundation to create good content in Korea should be formed, and an environment in which to consume Korean content should be prepared. As this process shares new Korean Wave, K-Food’s market will expand. Exports of Korean products, excluding K-Food and Korean cultural content products, have a positive impact on K-Food exports. There is a need for segmentation target marketing for K-Food by various consumption classes. The increase in the number of foreigners entering the country is having a positive effect on K-Food exports in all regions. Therefore, it will be necessary to establish a thorough strategy by the government and companies for Korean tourism, study abroad, and business expansion.

It is a matter of controversy whether the appearance of the red capitalist can be seen as a characteristic of Chinese entrepreneurship or as a variant of national capitalism. There is a disagreement between the view that the combination of red capitalist state capitalism was the basis for the founding of a Schumpeterian Model of Chinese innovation, and the corrupt combination of bureaucracy. This study attempted to analyze the existing Chinese regional development model from the perspective of Chinese entrepreneurship, which combines traditional Chinese regional merchant spirit and national capitalism. This study aims to understand the origin of the growth of the Chinese economic growth model resulting from technological advancement and innovation in China, and to understand the establishment of the modern Chinese economic development mechanism, the entrepreneurial innovation strategy, and its growth background. This study analyzed Chinese entrepreneurship by dividing it into three types of three periods by period and type. After Deng Xiaoping’s southern tour, development of entrepreneurship appeared as three entrepreneurship models. China entered a new normal economy after the global financial crisis in 2008 and has evolved into a model of mass innovation.

The purpose of this study is to survey and analyze the influence of collectivism upon influence strategies and long-term orientation. The effect on the influence strategies and the long-term orientation will be varied depending on cultural environment in each country to which manufacturing firms and distributors belong. That is because a marketing channel in a country is changed according to historical, social and cultural environments of the country, resulting in being able to be mentioned to have a unique characteristic of each country. Unusual background and situation in a marketing channel system have an important influence upon the relationship between manufacturing firms and distributors that are channel members. Thus, there is a need to consider cultural environment even in the impact of the influence strategies. Collectivism and individualism correspond to the dimension that has been noted steadily in many researches. Hence, the analysis on which influence the collectivism in manufacturing firms and distributors corresponding to the members of marketing channel has upon the influence strategies and the long-term orientation will become a very crucial research. With regard to this, this study is comparatively analyzing the relationship among marketing channel members depending on collectivism as for manufacturing f irms a nd d istrib utors in 3 countries o f South Korea, America a nd Japan. This study is consistent even with the recent tendency of academic survey on cultural environment, and has a practical implication from the perspective of affecting the influence strategies and long-term orientation.

This s tudy i s b ased on the assumption that mutual engagement and motivation a re induced in the strategic alliances among SMEs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of mutual reciprocity strategy on cooperation between partner companies, conflict adjustment effort, opportunistic behavior, and influence on sustainable will in terms of cooperation strategy after the conclusion of strategic partnership. The results show that the value-sharing adjustment effort, the agreement adjustment effort, and the friendship adjustment effort have a statistically significant positive effect on strengthening cooperation behavior. The value-shared adjustment effort and the friendship adjustment effort have a statistically significant positive effect on strengthening conflict resolution efforts. The results of this s tudy a re as follows. First, i t is shown that cooperative b ehaviors and conflict resolution efforts have a statistically significant positive effect on suppressing opportunistic behavior. However, it was found that cooperative behavior and opportunistic suppression did not strengthen the will to continue the transaction. However, the results showed that it is possible to increase the will to continue trading through conflict resolution efforts.

Since TBT dispute resolution is fundamentally difficult and is often resolved by consultation in most cases, it is necessary to use STC or respond with other member states to proceed with consultation. At the same time, since the TBT dispute does not only deal with the TBT agreement, it is necessary to establish a strategy for linking with other WTO agreements and to prepare a countermeasure to enhance access and expertise in the level of comprehensive trade policy. Second, CPTPP is already officially formulating the international certification system for conformity assessment related to the TBT agreement, and it is judged that the preemptive preparation and review plan for the international certification system should be quickly promoted under the premise that Korea will pursue membership in the future. Lastly, since the CPTPP will continue to challenge new fields that Korea has not experienced in the past, it is necessary to prepare for a cooperative system and countermeasures through preparation for this or collecting opinions from the field.