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This paper estimates a new coincident composite index. using a dynamic factor model and mixed frequency data that adds quarterly GDP to the seven monthly time series used by Statistics Korea to calculate the coincident composite index. As you may recall, GDP serves as a proxy for all economic activity in a country, so the information about business conditions contained in this variable is important in measuring monthly economic change. To estimate the coincident composite index, this paper adopts the methodology of Aruoba et al(2009) in their dynamic factor model. We then indirectly evaluate the validity of the index estimated in this study by comparing it with the non-statistical method of the National Bureau of Statistics(NBER method). This paper can be particularly helpful in measuring economic fluctuations in regions where monthly data are often scarce.

This is an empirical study about employees in multinational enterprises subsidiaries in Korea. For this study, questionnaires were collected from 216 employees, 24 MNE subsidiaries, 9 countries and analyzed. This study focused on positive psychological capital(PsyCap). The field of positive psychology is currently being actively studied in business administration. In particular, PsyCap is an active research topic in the field of organizational behavior. This study investigates the positive impact of PsyCap on organizational performance in international business. The results of this study are as follows. All Independent variables had a significant impact on the mediating variable and also the PsyCap influenced a significant effect on the dependent variable. This research method is to verify the mediation effect. Specifically, all independent variables showed mediating and indirect effects on perceived work performance through positive psychological capital. The hypotheses test using structural equation modeling(SEM), Baron & Kenny’s analysis method, Process Macro(No. 4), and Sobel-test and then these analysis methods were compared. The following is a comparison of mediating and indirect effects. SEM verified animosity and personal-organizational fit. Sobel-test proved individual consideration, personal-organizational fit. Process Macro influenced a ll a ntecedents o n indirect e ffect. B aron & K enny e stablished that individual consideration and personal-organizational fit were partially mediated, animosity was fully mediated. Therefore, there were micro differences in the results of each analysis method.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of Korean wanghong’s characteristics on consumer t rust, shopping f low, p roduct a ttitude a nd p urchase intention of K orean products i n depth. Relationships among the study concepts are predicted based on existing literature and tested through the online survey from Chinese Beijing consumer who have watched live commerce broadcasts featuring Korean Wanghong. The results obtained b y actual a nalysis are as f ollows. First, a mong t he K orean wanghong’s characteristics, only professionality has a positive effect on consumer trust and purchase intention. And professionality, attractiveness, and familiarity all have a positive effect on shopping flow. Second, consumer trust has a positive effect on shopping flow, and consumer trust and shopping flow have a positive effect on product attitude, respectively. Finally, product attitude has a positive effect on purchase intention.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the attributes Korean automobiles, satisfaction and repurchase intention in Chinese automobiles market. Therefore, this paper examines how the cost efficiency, design, convenience, and functionality of Korean automobiles affect satisfaction, and then examines how this satisfaction affects repurchase intentions. First, Hypothesis 1a and 1d that cost efficiency and functionality has a positive influence on satisfaction was accepted. Second, when looking at the link between overall satisfaction and repurchase intention among Chinese customers, Hypothesis 2 states that contentment has a positive impact on repurchase intention. Third, the characteristics of Korean automobiles and customer satisfaction according to the gender of Chinese consumers, the result of analyzing the difference between convenience, design, functionality and satisfaction according to gender, Hypothesis 3b, 3c, 3d was also accepted. Fourth, after assessing the difference between Chinese consumers’ satisfaction with after-sales service and repurchase intention, Hypothesis 4 was accepted.

Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have contributed to expanding trade among member countries, but the challenges companies face in proving origin remain significant. Recently, the origin verification of Peruvian green beans became a major issue. This arose from criticisms over the excessive demand for documentation for origin verification. In this context, this study aims to re-examine the difficulties faced by importers by reviewing the laws and administrative tribunal cases related to origin verification required by FTAs. The analysis revealed that the complexity due to differences in origin verification clauses across FTAs, issues of non-application of preferential tariffs due to formal errors, and problems of non-compliance with origin due to the exporter’s malfeasance all lead to detriment for the importers. For FTAs to positively impact all domestic enterprises engaged in production activities, it is essential to develop support measures for importers who actively seek to utilize FTAs.

This study analyze the effects of FTA, K-move, and firm type on the export of cultural goods using Korea trade data over 2012-22. The empirical results show that FTA has no effects on the export of cultural goods, but negative effects on the export of art products. This is due to the low level of FTA utilization caused by zero tariff or small rates of tariff from major export partners. However, Kmove has statistically positive signs on the export, implying that Kmove has a critical role in increasing the export. On the other hand, the large firms have positive effects on the export, but the SME has positively affected on only the export of printing industries. Mid-large firms are insignificantly related with the export. Other firms are not found to have no competitiveness in the export market. Based on these results, this study present policy implications to improve the export of cultural products.

This study examines the impact of economic policy uncertainty on Korean firms’ f oreig n direct investment(FDI). From 2007 to 2018, FDI is classified into investment balance, number of affiliates, average investment balance, and number of affiliates per country. The results of the fixed-effects model show that economic policy uncertainty affects firms’ investment activities. Global economic policy uncertainty hurts the number of affiliates per country. In contrast, Korean economic policy uncertainty positively affects the investment balance and the number of affiliates per country. A higher wage level of the parent firm increases a firm’s FDI, and a higher capital intensity positively affects FDI. Higher labor productivity i n SMEs a nd l ow-tech manufacturing harms FDI. This sugg ests g overnments s hould support firms’ FDI activities by providing a stable policy environment.

Due to the deepening of climate change, the international community has recently concluded an international environmental agreement to reduce greenhouse gases, and the carbon pricing system have begu to be introduced in various forms. In this study, we compared and analyzed the operation status of ETS, a representative form of the carbon pricing system that is currently being introduced, in each major country. In addition, in this study, the operational status of ETS in major countries were compared and analyzed for each major item. As a result of the analysis, first, it was confirmed that all major countries are gradually expanding the proportion of paid quotas and planning to abolish free allocation. Second, it was found that all major countries are expanding their greenhouse gases and sectors to which they apply, and the standards for the application are also different for each country. Third, it can be seen that ETS-centered carbon markets are being introduced and operated at the national and regional levels in the form of mandatory carbon market and a voluntary carbon market. Based on a comparative analysis of the operation of ETS in major countries, this study made the following policy recommendations to improve the operation of Korea's ETS. First, there is a need to gradually expand ETS’s paid allocation method and awcion participation targets. Second, the greenhouse gas subject to ETS must be expanded. Third, the Voluntary Carbon Market must be activated. If this happens, various participants should be active in Korean carbon market, and as a result, Korea’s ETS will become more stabe and active.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the relationship between experience economy and experience satisfaction for tourists who experienced tourism using artificial intelligence (AI) based tourism product platform. The survey was conducted for November 1st to December 31st, 2023, and an empirical analysis was conducted using 235 valid samples. Statistical processing of the data collected in this survey was analyzed using the AMOS 21.0 nd SPSS 21.0 statistical package program. First, As a result of the <Hypothesis 1> verification, it was analyzed that all four sub-dimensions of the experience economy which were educational experience, entertainment experience, escapist experience, and esthetic experience, had a positive effect on experience satisfaction. Therefore <Hypothesis 1> was fully adopted. Through this study, we intended to provide theoretical implications for tourism institutions. The practical implications are, first, that the artificial intelligence tourism product platform should be continuously updated. Second, various efforts are needed to find new tourism experience contents. Third, the public and private sectors should cooperate to combine existing tourism resources or find new tourist attractions and provide officially certified tourism products.

As opposed to the remarkable trend of globalization in the last a few decades, the world economy has recently witnessed the increase in international conflicts and trade protectionism. The de-globalization of the world economy could disrupt the inter-firm partnership along the global value chain, weakening the integration and interdependence of firms beyond the national borders. Specifically, this paper investigates how the disruption of a global value chain affects the use of non-market strategies through strategic patenting by high-tech firms that have previously operated in the upstream of the value chain. Predictions of a stylized model are applied to examine the impact of the 2019 Korea-Japan trade disputes on the strategic use of intellectual properties in the semiconductor industry.

This s tudy a nalyzes the effects of t echnolog y diffusion a nd t echnolog ical p rog ress t hroug h trade openness o n income i nequality using panel d ata from countries a round the world. The a nalysis was conducted separately into developed and developing countries to examine the asymmetric effects depending on the stage of economic development. In developed countries, the income distribution effect of technology diffusion and technological progress due to trade openness improves income inequality. Technolog ical d iffusion a nd t echnolog ical p rogress d ecreased t he i ncome share of t he t op 1 %, b ut increased the share of the top 10%. We can also see that technology diffusion has a negative impact on income i nequality without s tatistical s ig nificance in t he mid t o long t erm. I n developing countries, the technology diffusion and technological progress through trade openness have increased inequality in income distribution. In addition, the share of income share of the top 1 % and top 10 % has also increased. It can be seen that the impact of technology diffusion and technological progress through economic openness on income distribution cannot be uniformly generalized, and may differ from each other depending on various conditions and situations, such as the stage of economic development of each country. Contrary to the theory that skill-biased technological progress increase the productivity of skilled workers and thus increase income inequality, as seen in the case of developed countries, it suggests that income inequality can be alleviated by equitable income distribution systems and structures.

This study analyzes the multifaceted impact of foreign product recalls on local market consumers’ brand reliability evaluations. By examining recall and consumer brand rating data for 26 auto brands held by 13 companies of various nationalities sold in the US market between 2006 and 2016, six hypotheses were tested to understand the complex effects of recalls. The results show that a brand’s own recalls generally decrease consumer brand trust, with more negative effects for foreign brands. Unexpectedly, for foreign brands, recalls from other brands from their home country positively impacted reliability perception in that brand, although this positive spillover effect only occurred when brand visibility or market share were low. For companies with already high brand visibility or market dominance, negative spillover effects were detected. As foreign brands can be impacted by country-of-origin effects, understanding the multifaceted implications of not only their own recalls but recalls from domestic sister brands is important.

This study collected annual global EV import and export statistics from 2017 to 2022 to analyze the changes in the export competitiveness of major EV-producing countries in the European market. The data of 32 European countries, including EU member states, were recalculated, and the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Comparative Advantage by Country (CAC), and Trade Specialization Index (TSI) were derived to analyze changes in the export competitiveness of major EV-exporting countries. After reviewing the r esults o f this s tudy, we f ound that Germany and Korea maintained h ig h competitiveness in the European market. However, the United States and France, which had high export competitiveness, showed a significant decline in export performance. In contrast, China, Belgium, and Japan showed improved export performance compared with 2017, and China and Belgium showed very high growth. When examining the strategies of competing EV countries, it is judged that, for Korea’s EV industry to improve its competitiveness, it is necessary to develop low-priced models that can compete with Chinese EV companies and pursue a more active export market diversification strategy. In addition, Korean automobile companies need to expand their production bases in Europe, such as the major global automobile companies that utilize Belgium and Germany as their main production bases, to actively target the European market.