Earticle

The main purpose of this paper, hence, is to determine the reduced form impact of the economic variables on the foreign demand for soju. This is accomplished by modelling the export demand for soju as industrial production and exchange rate or exchange-rate- adjusted soju price. All series span the period January 1995 to November 2009. I first examine the univariate ime-series properties of the series by testing whether the series are stationary or not. The number of lags is determined on the performance of the Lagrange multiplier test for serial correlation. I cannot reject the null hypothesis of a unit root in each of the level variables at the 5 percent significance level. Based on this result, I test whether there is an equilibrium relationship between them using Engle-Granger cointegration procedure. The results show that the null hypothesis of a unit root for the residuals from the cointegration cannot be rejected at the 5 percent level. This paper hitherto makes use of historical decompositions and variance decomposition of forecast error , both of which have now been widely used to examine how much movement in one variable can be explained by innovations in different variables and how rapidly these fluctuations in one variable can be transmitted to another. The former shows that three variables move close to the actual consumption path, indicating the model used here be appropriate in explaining and forecasting the soju exports. This study suggests that the exchange rate is likely to have a higher effect on the soju export than the industrial production and exchange-rate-adjusted soju price.

Data Envelopment Analysis is an operations research-based method for measuring the performance efficiency of decision units that are characterized by multiple inputs and outputs. DEA converts multiple inputs and outputs of a decision unit into a single measure of performance, generally referred to as relative efficiency. DEA has been applied successfully as a performance evaluation tool in many fields including manufacturing, banks, pharmacies, and hospitals to name a few. This paper applies the input-oriented DEA model, DEA/Window analysis, and Malmquist indices to the 9 countries to measure the efficiency and productivity. The Malmquist indices will be decomposed into three components such as pure efficiency change, scale efficiency change, and technical change. The empirical results show the following findings. First, the DEA findings indicate that main source of inefficiency is both pure technical and scale. Second, the Malmquist indices show that an overall increase in productivity. Third, DEA/Window rusults show that the stable dissimilarity by standard deviation and LDP of CCR.

Data Envelopment Analysis is an operations research-based method for measuring the performance efficiency of decision units that are characterized by multiple inputs and outputs. DEA converts multiple inputs and outputs of a decision unit into a single measure of performance, generally referred to as relative efficiency. DEA has been applied successfully as a performance evaluation tool in many fields including manufacturing, banks, pharmacies, and hospitals to name a few. However, it has not been extensively applied in junior college. This paper applies the input-oriented DEA model to the 16 cities and provinces to measure the efficiencies for the junior colleges in Korea. Input factors consist of the number of junior colleges, professors and staffs. Output factor is the entrants, which may be uncontrollable factor, instead of the students enrolled. The results show that main source of inefficiency is pure technical rather than scale.

This study applies the nonparametric DEA method to the commercial and local banks and then employs Tobit analysis technique to identify the factors affecting the efficiency and productivity changes during the period of 2003 to 2008. Efficiency analysis measured various efficiency component such as technology efficiency, purity technology efficiency and efficiency of scale, slack. Through DEA analysis, know on period until 2003-2008 year that inefficiency of management is higher than inefficiency of scale. Technological efficiency of Shinhan bank, Hanabank, Korea Exchange Bank and city bank was high from city bank, and Knbank did the most efficient management from local bank. Scale efficiency is showing high improvement factor in occasion of city bank on the whole and local bank is falling scale efficiency generally whereas but Jbbank and Kjbank were expose that show improvement advantageously among this. Super efficiency analysis citibank appeared until 2004-2008 so that efficiency was highest. The Tobit analysis shows Model Ⅰ securities/assets with tobit Ⅰ tobit Ⅱ from two patterns to efficiency increase factor appear. Explanatory variable that assets also keeps in minds for 5% and affects to TE. Dummy variable of city bank was expose as increase factor of efficiency in 2007 in 2006 in Tobit Ⅱ matrix. Deposit received/assets, assets is from two patterns to efficiency promotion factor in Model2. City bank is higher than local bank, but do not keep in mind for 5% and expose by thing which difference is not. BIS by positive sign BIS rise could know that is lowered TE.

Exchange rate misalignment tends to disrupt the economic growth of developing countries, and persistent overvaluation may even lead to currency crises. Since the Asian financial crises in 1998, economists and policy makers have been concerned with whether or not the China currency, renminbi yuan (RMB) is undervalued. The supposed undervaluation of the RMB has been the subject of intensive academic research over the past few years. Based on the development in the equilibrium exchange rate theory this study develops real equilibrium exchange rates and behavioral equilibrium exchange rate (BEER) models for RMB by using cointegration analysis. The empirical results show that the RMB real exchange rate has been under-valued during the most part the sample period, but the misalignment has a trend to become small, and during the after reform period from 2005q3 to 2006q4, a small degree of over-valuation replaced undervaluation. But this trend stopped in 2007, from the end of 2006, the RMB exchange rate began to under-valued again, moreover, in the current financial crisis period, the undervalued misalignment seems to become bigger.