Earticle

This study was conducted to analyze to compare the survival rate according to the factors affecting the survival of foreign direct investment companies in Korea between 2013 to 2017. In addition, the survival rate of foreign direct investment companies classified according to the Korean standard industry classification is compared. As a result of impact factors on the survival duration of foreign direct investment companies the characteristics of the firm which the Investment Ratio(IR), firm age(FA), and the number of employees(NE) had positive effects. Return on Assets(ROA) of the financial characteristics had positive effects. But other factors did not produce significant results. In the empirical analysis of the survival rate of companies according to industry classification, the survival rate of companies in the real estate industry and financial insurance industry was relatively lower than that of companies in the manufacturing, wholesale & retail business, specialized science & technology service. And the real estate industry and financial insurance industry was investigated with a relatively short survival rate due to the high possibility of risk exposure.

This paper selects central parity rate of RMB against US dollar on each trading day from January 2, 1995 to December 31, 2020 as empirical research data, takes the logarithm and then differentiates the data to obtain return series for a stable RMB exchange rate against US dollar. Descriptive statistical analysis is performed on the series, and it is concluded that distribution of the serious had obvious characteristics of "leptokurtosis and heavy tails”, compared with normal distribution. Through test of stationarity, autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity, it is confirmed that there is a phenomenon of fluctuation clustering in return series, so it is reasonable and feasible to use GARCH model to fit the return model of RMB exchange rate against US dollar. In this paper, ARMA model is established to obtain the mean equation to eliminate autocorrelation of the series. At the same time, TGARCH and EGARCH models are used to fit the asymmetric effects in return series. By comparison, it is concluded that the model with the best fitting effect is ARMA (2,1)-EGARCH (1,2) model. At the same time, it is concluded that RMB depreciation will cause a larger fluctuation in RMB exchange rate compared with RMB appreciation, which also indicates that RMB exchange rate has characteristics of volatility clustering and asymmetric effects. The feasibility of model is tested by in-sample prediction of results of the constructed EGARCH model. Finally, based on volatility of RMB exchange rate, policy recommendations such as controlling rhythm of exchange rate changes, improving RMB exchange rate system and exchange rate derivatives market are put forward.

This paper analyzes a case study on returnable pallet pooling systems based on the ESG Economic Analysis. ESG management is a key direction in the value-based services for sustainable business as well as to improve competitiveness. The success of the pallet pooling system as a case study for value-based services in sustainable business and ESGs is the most important factor of competitiveness in the export and logistics industry. As ESG is a mega trend in the business world, the export of returnable pallet pooling systems in ESG should provide us with useful insights into valued-based services for sustainable businesses and their environments. The successful case study of company “A”, which proved its economic feasibility by introducing a returnable pallet pooling system that can be reused, is empirically analysed. In this paper, Section II analyzes the literature reviews of the export returnable pallet pooling system. While Section III examines ESG analysis of the export returnable pallet pooling system. Lastly, Section IV analyzes the successful case study of the corporation “A”. In closing, conclusions about the paper are provided in Section V.

In operating the Emission Trading System(ETS), the EU conducted MRV(Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification) to identify the amount of greenhouse gas generated from all causes of greenhouse gas generation and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Korea is also setting the initial policy goal of the Emission Trading System as the establishment of a system of MRV(Measure, Reporting, Verification), and preparing and implementing legal mechanisms for this. MRV for ships aims to continuously inspect and verify greenhouse gas emissions for incoming ships, and IMO’s DCS is operated for the same purpose. However, MRV is currently applied dualistically in developed and developing countries, and DCS also only provides m inimum standards f or controlling p ollutant emissions. Therefore, when MRV and D CS a re applied at the same time, there is a problem of what takes precedence. From the perspective of shipping companies, MRV and DCS are institutional compulsory policies, so they must be observed. Therefore, this study intends to propose measures such as unifying MRV and DCS from an institutional perspective, introducing eco-friendly technologies from a practical perspective, and preparing government support measures from a policy perspective.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and analyze the duty of the demurrage and the scope of damages in the K Line Pte Limited v. Priminds Shipping (HK) Co Limited (The Eternal Bliss) [2021] EWCA Civ 1712. In The Eternal Bliss, the Court of Appeal has ruled that, unless otherwise provided in the charterparty, demurrage at the agreed rate is the only remedy available to an owner in the event of losses arising from a voyage charterer’s failure to complete loading and/or discharging of cargo within the permitted laytime. The Court of Appeal acknowledged that demurrage is an exclusive remedy for all consequences of a failure to complete cargo operations within laytime. This paper studies meaning, nature, application, requirements of the demurrage claim and the scope of damages in voyge charter by analyzing common law theories and especially The Eternal Bliss court decision.

As non-face-to-face transactions become routine due to the global pandemic, the scale of cross-border e-commerce is also increasing. Despite the expansion of e-commerce scale and online trade, online exports in the agro-food sector are insignificant. Therefore, in this study, to support the increase in added value of the weak agro-food SMEs and the growth into a sustainable global company, the online export revitalization plan of the agro-food SMEs is presented as follows. First, it is necessary to establish an online export s trategy for e ach type o f sales. Second, i t is n ecessary t o strengthen t he digital technology utilization capabilities of related workers, including agro-food SMEs. Third, it is necessary to diversify the product lineup for overseas sales. Lastly, it is about securing price competitiveness through organization and scale-up.