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This study investigated the impacts of economic growth and trade openness on CO2 emissions embodied in manufacture’s exports in China. In order to analyze the nexus of growth-trade-CO2 emissions, this study constructed the economic growth and trade on CO2 emissions models, which is based on the traditional EKC hypothesis, and utilized the decoupling index, which explores the co-movements between two variables. The main findings are as follows. First, the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions has the inverted U shaped curve, while the relationship between trade openness has the U shaped curve. Second, some fields of manufacture have the coupled trend with respect to trade openness and CO2 emissions embodied in exports. Therefore, exporting countries are responsible for not only CO2 emissions in production process, but also CO2 emissions embodied in trade.

The objective of this study is to analyze international trade relation between Korea and China using text mining and SNA(Social Network Analysis) for the three Covid 19 years from 2019 to 2021. For the analysis, text mining analysis was conducted through keywords ‘China Export’ and ‘China Import’. And then, key issues were analyzed by using keyword frequency analysis. Finally, we analyzed centrality tests such as the degree centrality, eigenvector centrality, and the convergence of iteration correlation (CONCOR) using the social network analysis. As a result, Korea seems to show the most interest in internal and external trade risks in relation to Chinese imports and exports as it is highly dependent on China.

The purpose of this study is to explore the independent impacts of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking on speed to market. Based on a dataset of 217 Korean manufacturers, our findings reveal that a firm’s strategic posture on innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking increases the firm’s pace of activities between idea generation and market introduction. The linear relationships from the findings contribute to a better understanding of how individual dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation help firms to improve speed to market.

China’s economy is r apidly d eveloping, but e nvironmental p roblems are becoming m ore serious. Recently, Chinese government and companies are actively developing pro-environmental strategies in many ways. In addition, Chinese consumers also show lots of interests in pro-environmental products such as green cars due to the environmental concerns. Therefore, the s tudy aims to f ind determinants of green car purchase behavior for Chinese consumers. The study especially focuses on the relationship between zhongyong(中庸) values, materialism, new ecological paradigm(NEP), and green consumption behavior for Chinese MZ consumers. As a result, we found that zhongyong values, materialism and NEP showed significant positive(+) effects on the green car purchase intention for Gen Z consumers, while, for Millennial consumers, zhongyong values and NEP showed significant positive(+) effects on the green car purchase intention. The study results can provide managerial and academic implications on green marketing for MZ generation consumers in China and help to formulate effective green marketing strategies.

Purpose of This study is to investigate the role of corruption in Foreign Direct Investment. To achieve this objective, this study analyzed the impact of corruption on Korea’s foreign direct investment in 10 ASEAN countries from 2000 to 2019 using 200 observations (country-year) using panel analysis. As a result, it was confirmed that the FDI inward of ASEAN member countries is s teadily increasing. This indirectly supports the evidence for the importance of FDI inflows from ASEAN member states. Furthermore, among the determinants of Korea’s foreign direct investment, corruption in ASEAN member countries was found to have a rather positive effect. It was found that the major foreign direct investment inflows currently being made in ASEAN member countries is a form of vertical investment resulting from the reduction of production costs, and the country has a positional advantage. It is recognized that the country’s low transparency makes it possible to easily attract foreign direct investment. Besides, ASEAN member countries need to change their outward FDI type to an advanced country type in the long term, and it is judged that the low level of corruption will not be helpful in the long term to attract FDI. Corruption factors are contributing to overseas direct investment as a factor of the current l ocation advantage, but i t is j udged that improvement i s needed g radually i n social a nd economic aspects.

In the event of fraud using weaknesses in the principle of independence of the letter of credit (L/C), the bank is not responsible for the authenticity, forgery, or legal effect of the presented document. In addition, if the bank deems that there is no reason to doubt the validity of the document, it shall pay for the L/C. However, even if a bank is obligated to pay a consistent presentation in accordance with the principle of independence of the L/C, if it recognizes that there has been fraud by the beneficiary in advance, it must comply with the principle of good faith to issue clients and refuse payment. This fraud rule has a problem of making banks bear the burden of proof of fraud and undermining the independence, which is an essential characteristic of the L/C. This problem is expected to be largely solved by applying the blockchain technology to L/C transactions, because the blockchain has characteristics such as stability, economy, and transparency in that it discloses information to all parties. If L/C transactions using blockchain are popularized, problems arising from the application of the fraud rule to the examination of L/C documents can be fundamentally solved. Therefore, this study attempts to find problems caused by the application of the fraud rule in the document review of L/C and solutions to problems through L/C transactions based on blockchain technology.