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Korean and Japanese have a common point of having a Chinese character verb. Not only lexical aspects of having Chinese character verb, both languages ​​show a similarity in morphological and syntactic aspects of the derivation patterns. In this paper, it is shown that the result of Chinese character verb also has specific meaning categories as few specific meaning categories of Pure Japanese word verb and Pure Korean word verb are accepted. It was also indicated that the derivation pattern varies in connection with their meaning. Derivation pattern of Chinese character verb of Korean is as follows. 1) Type of [K-A-1]：｢doeda←hada→sikida｣2) Type of [K-A-2-1]：｢doeda→sikida｣3) Type of [K-A-2-2]：｢hada/sikida→doeda｣A characteristic point in Korean, is existence of 2 types of Chinese character verb; which basic form becomes “doeda” form, and “hada” form. ([K-A-2-1] type). Derivation pattern of Chinese character verb of Japanese is as follows. 1) Type of [J-A-1]：｢サレル←スル→サセル｣2) Type of [J-A-2-1]：｢スル→サセル｣3) Type of [J-A-2-2]：｢スル/サセル→サレル｣In Japanese, [J-A-2-1] type show a feature “Sareru” form is not derived. In the case of this type, both languages have features that basic verb takes on spontaneity.

The goal of this study is to examine argument-adjunct asymmetry in Japanese. It is well known that there is an asymmetry between wh-arguments and wh-adjuncts in Japanese. So are classifier constructions. In these constructions, arguments are grammatical, whereas adjuncts are not. However, this paper introduces quite a different type of argument-adjunct asymmetry in Japanese, that is, multiple negative sensitive item constructions. These constructions are very reverse to the wh-constructions and classifier constructions. Interesting enough, in these constructions, adjuncts are grammatical, whereas arguments are not. This paper holds that phonology-syntax interface could be one of effective theological implications to clarify argument-adjunct asymmetry in Japanese.

This paper analyzes several meanings and functions of “mae” connected with a noun. In the paper, the usages of “mae” are mainly focused by comparing the two periods between Meiji-era and the present. Regarding the meanings and functions of “mae” connected with a noun, the four different cases in the study are described as follows. ① The first case of “mae” represents the concrete place where a front noun exists. In this case, “N+mae” plays an important role as a hogo in the sentence, and the predicate controls the “N+mae”. ② The second case of “mae” represents the abstract place in which a front noun exists. Similar to the first case, “N+mae” has a function of a hogo in the sentence, and the predicate controls the “N+mae”. ③ The third case represents the reason which a front noun implies, and it has the unique cause and effect relationship. “N+mae” functions as a jyokyogo in the sentence, and the predicate excludes the “N+mae”. ④ The last case represents the time which a front noun indicates. This usage was not shown in Meiji-era, but it is occasionally observed in the present. “N+mae” does function as a jyokyogo in the sentence, and the predicate excludes the “N+mae”. Summarizing the above four cases, we can conclude that the pseudo noun “mae” connected to a noun preserves the historical changes up to Meiji-era, while it gets gradual changes from Meiji-era to the present.

This study aims at investigating the usage of｢~(sa)seteitadaku｣in the Budget Deliberation Committee of the National Assembly of Japan to determine the extent of it’s over-use. The research results show that this expression has been extended from its “original usage” for gratitude or permission or humbling oneself to “extended usage”, and also to “usage requiring further analysis” which is termed mis-use. This study specifies two factors as the causes for the extended usage of ｢~(sa)seteitadaku｣. Firstly, the peculiarity of the National Assembly as the place of articulation, where consideration of listeners counts important. Secondly, the confusion of ｢~(sa)seteitadaku｣with ｢itasu｣or with other more formal honorifics. In short, the over-use of ｢~(sa)seteitadaku｣is ascribed to the psychological attitude of the speaker to show his/her politeness by speaking as if he/she needs permission from the listener when the permission is not necessary.

A lot of studies have focused on the classification of animate subject causative sentence, but relatively little attention was paid to differences in animate subject and inanimate subject. In this paper, It is analyzed animate subject causative and inanimate subject causative in concerned with causee’s volition and event types. This paper draws on a number of statistical sources and based on distribution investigationIn the data of same range, It is observed 809 examples of animate subject and 419 examples of inanimate subject. In the animate subject sentences there were 611 sentences of volitional verb derivation and 198　sentences of non-volitional verb derivation. And in the inanimate subject sentences there were 35 sentences of volitional verb derivation and 384 sentences of non-volitional verb derivation. Next it was investigated what kind of situation a volitional verb sentence and a non-volitional verb sentence expresses, and how the causee participates in the situation. In such a process I showed two sides of volition type, such as mental side and physical side. In the sentence of volitional verb derivation, the mental side to realize action, and the physical side to act are put together, so was not needed to distinguish the two sides. However, in the causative sentence which causee’ volition is weak and the sentence of non-volitional verb derivation, one of side becomes clearer among two sides, and it correlates with the meaning of the situation to express.

The purpose of this study to consider that “~te sasiageru” in talking under this perspective is being used in what intentions of the discourse. As a result, using “~te sasiageru”, showed the plus kindness has a honorific language rather than “~te ageru” in order to reinforce the relative honorification and it is emphasized itself less than plus-intentions of the discourse to receiver. Futhermore, minus-intentions of the discourse as “~te sasingeru” rather than “~te ageru”, feeling to treat receiver with disdain and twit. This means, Using “~te yaru” is only look down on receiver, to address “~te sasiageru” is in contrast with that, and is considered grateful for the kindness have favored because it is represented by looking down on the receiver, by regarding greatly for himself to give or with his ability. In other words, It seems like it has a amplification function that to be more plus in the plus-meaning discourse and to be more minus in the minus-meaning discourse, using the word, “~te sasiageru”. And then, The reason that the “~te sasiageru” is represented its own dignity function in spite of that’s traditional usage as honorific language, it is thought that it is a traditional usage, of course, and general awareness of difficulty expression that is needed to pay attention to use. In addition, that is a honorific not most often used, showing he for one who is possible to use the expression “~te sasiageru”. To the exclusion of its properties of honorific language that has represented plus-meaning of kindness, there are very interesting another function of honorific language showing its own dignity, using minor-expression as opposed to its properties that look down on the receiver and is represented by jeer or unpleasantry. In this thesis did consider usage as assistant verb thus, I’m willing to research about the usage as a main verb or use aspect of other giving and receiving expressions as thesis topics to come.

The conditional form of a verb is the form taken by the predication of the subordinate sentence mainly to indicate that the event suggested in the subordinate sentence is the ‘condition (causal relationship in a broad meaning)’ involved with the establishment of the event suggested in the main sentence. However, ageruto and agereba among the conditional forms of ageru, the transfer verb which indicates the motion of changing the spatial position of an object or a person, have the derivational usage that lost the features of the verb. The development from the conditional form of the main verb into the derivational usage involves lexical and grammatical changes such as ageruto and agereba. In lexical aspect, the specific meaning, ‘lift up’, which changes the spatial position of an object or a person, becomes abstract and bleached. In the grammatical aspect, the sentence construction changes from a complex sentence to a simple one, and ageruto and agereba do not function as the predication of the subordination sentence and do not undergo inflection corresponding to voice, aspect, or polarity. And these forms lose its independence as a word, and is instead attached to other specific words. The derivational usage includes postposition, connective particle, and sentence adverb. As a postposition, it is used to listing items belonging to a certain category. As a connective particle, it is used to introduce another sentence that illustrates the contents of the preceding sentence. As a sentence adverb, it is used to describe how the speaker lists some events or objects; that is the attitude of the speaker. One of the factors that promoted the derivational usage is the subjective act of the speaker intending to achieve the purpose of communication which is called the ‘exemplification’ such as the ‘act of choosing specific items from objects or situations of the same kind and in a large number’ and the ‘act of relating an object or a situation to another object or situation’.

This paper studies how to distinguishingly use Zibun-Zisin and Zisin (second person pronoun). For the purpose, first examples are extracted from the Corpus materials and classified in accordance with whether a speaker/target is a specific person, the combinations of which are then divided into four items. The figures tallied based on those four items go through discussions while an individual discussion is also conducted using a viewpoint theory and the meaning of Zibun-Zisin. No or few examples to use Zibun-Zisin are observed for an unspecific speaker, and for the combination of a specific speaker and a specific target, respectively. In this sense, it is surveyed in which case Zibun-Zisn appears. Consequently, it is affirmed that Zibun-Zisin appears when a speaker adjust his/her viewpoint to a target and when it is used in the same meaning as for body or essence. And it is also affirmed that a speaker should be possibly specified in order to adjust his/her viewpoint. Since the number of examples to use Zibun-Zisin from a second person’s viewpoint and Zibun (second person pronoun) is limited, however, it is necessary to conduct further studies.

In “V1 tokorowo V2,” the phenomenon that “V2” expresses is referred to by “simultaneous time relations” “V1”. This “synchronism” is divided into the case that ② overlaps catalytically when the phenomenon that “V2” expresses in terms of time completely,① with “V1” coming at the same time. ①The perception activity verbs “to hear,” and “to look” express “now” and the concrete phenomenon of “here,” and thus can easily be used as “V2” in the form of the verb “shiteiru” in は “V1”. The “shita” form of “suru” in “V1” is replaced with the form of “shiteiru”. ②When “suru, shita,” in capturing movement, is used for は “V1,” and uses the “suru” form, the movement of “V1” expresses non-completion, and stage and “V2” are simultaneous. In this case, when “V1” verbs with meanings like “to kill,” “to help,” “to escape,” etc. which prevent the directionality in “V2,” are employed, there were many instances in which the operation failed. On the other hand, when the “shita” form was used, the movement of “V1” expressed completion, and this stage and “V2” occur simultaneously. In this case,when the thing that indicates a new operation of “V2” is performed in response to the operation itself, in many cases “V1” can be completed. However, in the “V1” and “V2” of “V1 tokorowo V2,” time characteristics are not always established. When thought verbs such as “to think” and “to imagine” are employed in the role of “V2,” time relationships are not always represented. Additionally,in the instance in which the “tokoro” in “tokorowo” indicates a concrete space, because “V1” takes on an adjective-like role in identifying location, the inability to express a time relationship has also been pointed out.

This paper explored how ‘acceptance’ and ‘refusal’ in Japanese language were presented through the type of expressions and the type of semantic classifications by analyzing examples from scenario series. In about 60% of the total combinations, ‘acceptance’ adopted ‘conveyance of emotion and will’ as the type of expression and mostly delivered the ‘clarification of acceptance’ as the semantic classifications. The refusal expressed as ‘statement that assumes acceptance’ through ‘conveyance of knowledge and information’ was a form of requesting information about specific behaviors to be taken after refusal, hence a more proactive form of ‘acceptance’ than ‘clarification of acceptance’. The results further indicated that the ‘conveyance of forms of expression’ was an ambivalent answer for an ‘acceptance’, confirming the possibility of misunderstandings depending on how words of appreciation or ambiguous expressions were interpreted. Some degree of bias was also found for ‘refusal’, where the main types of expressions were ‘conveyance of emotion and will’ and ‘conveyance of knowledge and information’. Delivering the same type of semantic classification using these two types of expressions resulted in different effects. Refusal predominantly employed ‘reason’, ‘resistance’, and ‘persuasion’ as the type of semantic classifications. However, using ‘conveyance of knowledge and information’ rather than ‘conveyance of emotion and will’ was seen as more proactive and indicative of a higher degree of refusal, particularly when accounting for the strength of justification in ‘reason’, the degree of defense versus aggression in ‘resistance’, and the convincbility in ‘persuasion’. The characteristics of less frequent combinations will be investigated in future studies.

This paper analyzes assimilation and its blocking (i.e., coda reduction) in Kagoshima Japanese consonant clusters. Kagoshima Japanese exhibits deletion of non-initial high vowels. Word final consonants caused by apocope are reduced in systematic fashion: That is (i) stops and affricates are reduced to glottal stop, (ii) fricatives neutralize to voiceless, (iii) nasals change to placeless moraic nasal, (iv) flap becomes nonsyllabic high front vowel. Consonant clusters (i.e., C1C2) created by syncope are assimilated or reduced depending on the combinations of consonants. Especially if C1 is stop, there occurs assimilation or coda reduction depending on the type of C2 (i.e., trigger manner treated in Jun (1995)): (i) stops entirely assimilate to following obstruents (e.g., stops and fricatives), but (ii) stops reduce to glottal stops before sonorants (e.g., nasals and glides), that is, assimilation is blocked. Jun (1995) proposes implicational statement about trigger manner from investigating 17 languages: (a) if nonnasal sonorants trigger place assimilation, so do nasals and fricatives, (b) if nasals or fricatives trigger place assimilation, so do stops. And he formalizes these implicational relation to preservation hierarchy on trigger manner. Our empirical surveys on Kagoshima Japanese, however, shows that there is also an implicational relation between fricatives and nasals: if nasals trigger place assimilation, so do fricatives, but not vice versa. This result can lead us to elaborate the preservation hierarchy on trigger manner.

The aim of this paper is to compare and contrast moyoda in Japanese with moyangita in Korean, focusing on the discourse situation and the discourse attitude, the degree of modality. Analysis results are as follows. (1) With reference to the discourse situation, moyoda in Japanese is mainly used in the situation of ‘public report’, whereas moyangita in Korean is used in the situation of ‘report non-public as well as public’. (2) In regard to the discourse attitude, moyoda in Japanese is mainly used in the manner of ‘objective report’. However moyangita in Korean is used in the manner of ‘report subjecitve as well as objective’. (3) moyoda in Japanese almost takes no past tense and no interrogation, no negation. But moyangita in Korean can take past tense easily and limited interrogation, no negation. As a result, the degree of modality in the former is high, whereas the degree of modality in the latter is not as high as the former.

In this paper, I make several suggestions about Japanese Kanji education in Korea while introducing an example that I have made in the field of Japanese Kanji education. When the learners learn Japanese kanji, they find kanji difficult to understand. Because teachers try to teach “reading” and “writing” of kanji at once. So I proposed to teach “reading” and “writing” of kanji separately. There are “On-yomi(chinese style reading)” and “Kun-yomi(native Japanese reading)” in “reading” of Japanese kanji. In “On-yomi”, it is similar to “reading” of Korean kanji. Therefore, I proposed to teach “On-yomi” by using the similarity. In “writing” of kanji, I proposed to select the appropriate kanji that are output by typing the computer or smart phone keyboard than to write kanji by hand.

This study analyzes what qualities and abilities are required for Japanese language teachers in the education environment of real time type of only class from a teacher’s standpoint, by reviewing the class which has been so far practiced by authors in the Cyber Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. Thus, it is found that the qualities and abilities the Japanese language teachers should have, who proceed the real time type of online class are ‘multi-spatial leadership’, ‘flexibility’ and ‘curiosity on functions of remote educational system’.

This project work is aimed to encourage Japanese learners to be conscious of their audience in order to convey their message effectively. In this project, each group of 2-3 Japanese learners created a video on ‘The Image of Korea that I Want to Convey’. By uploading the videos on Google drive and allowing students and acquaintances in Japan to watch it, the learners were able to receive comments and share opinions through Skype. Compared to face to face conversations, through the video exercise, the Japanese learners could assess their own Japanese objectively and had to put in more effort since they could not simply read through the manuscripts. There were several reasons why the theme of ‘The Image of Korea that I Want to Convey’ was chosen. It allowed the learners not only to be able to actually produce videos but also to have easy access to the materials and references needed. Moreover, it permitted them to learn the relativization of values and information of their own country. Audiences were limited to specific groups because if the learners knew the audience in advance, they might have been conscious of the audience while they developed the video. In addition, more effective learning resulted since the learners had opportunities to ask questions and receive more specific comments. Some elements of the learners’ satisfaction on the project were the independent nature of choosing specific themes and specific comments received from the audiences. However, there are further elements, such as refining pronunciation and specifying the roles throughout the project, which should be considered in the future project work.

Through this study, we could identify email communication development method and characteristics of conversational strategies of Japanese and the review on language expression behaviors in hierarchical relationship can be used in business scenes in hierarchical relationship or relation of gain and loss. If you understand different characteristics of written language conversation according to sex, it will reduce misunderstanding between sexes because of the difference in conversation developmentAdditionally, it can be applied to Japanese language learning in educational way. The review on honorific expressions will help us to learn language expression behaviors more effectively, if appropriate honorific patterns and vocabularies are selected and presented.

In this study, through Korean and Japanese 3rd grade language textbooks comparison of the vocabulary words that appear in both books the most frequently used words by part of speech of the study was to reveal similarities and differences. To sum up briefly study results are as follows. 1) In the case of noun, form nouns which relevant to the most frequently used words in both korean and Japanese textbooks show similar trend. 2) In the case of the pronoun, in korean textbook, personal pronoun, demonstrative pronoun and name of the main character highly used. On the other hand, in Japanese textbook, the main character’s name and demonstrative pronouns are frequently used. 3) In the case of the verb, in Korean textbook consists of various words and the frequency of use of individual control is also remarkably high. In korean textbook, representing the behavior words like ‘하다(132), 가다(65)’ are used overwhelmingly high. In the case of Japanese textbooks, ‘する(47)’ corresponding to Korean ‘하다(132)’ used many times and words which indicating presence or absence ‘ある(49)’ identified as the most frequently used words. 4) In the case of adjective, in Korean textbook, words like ‘없다(92), 좋다(30), 같다(15), 많다(15), 둥글다(11), 희다(11), 빨갛다(10), 아름답다(10)’ are high-frequency words which used more than 10 times. In the case of Japanese textbooks, ‘いい(18), しろい(13)’ only these two words are used more than 10 times. 5) In the case of adverbs, both textbooks show similar but a little different forms all aspects of the textbook group. In Korean textbook words of reason or cause like ‘이렇게(29), 어떻게(16), 왜(16)’ frequently used, whereas in Japan textbook, words representing the quantity and frequency like ‘よく(12), すこし(8), たくさん(7)’ are used many times.

In this study, the uses of hedge with respect to the relationship between interlocutors in conversations with first-meeting persons or friends, are investigated. The results are summarized as follows. Irrespective of the relationship between interlocutors, the overall use ratio of hedge in Japanese is higher than that in Korean. For both Korean and Japanese, the use ratio of hedge is higher when they are talking with elder interlocutor, and this tendency is stronger in Korean conversations and much stronger in conversations between Korean male interlocutors. For both Koran and Japanese, the use ratio of hedge is higher in conversations between first-meeting persons than that between friends. The influence of gender on the use of hedge is more significant in Japanese than that in Korea. For the coincidence of hedge and speech level, its ratio is higher at low politeness forms (sentence-final speech level) in both languages, which implies that hedge can be used strategically in conversations.

The Diontic modality in this study, “nakutewaikenai” “beki” “ya handa” for the translation of the novel translate materials analyzed. Evaluation of modaliy expressed a high degree of compulsion which is classified as “nakutewaikenai” and “ya handa” is simply a speaker and a listener for a high degree of force does not mean only obligation. In particular, the Korean “ya handa” implies the use of a high percentage of Japanese in the area of ​​semantic “nakutewaikenai” wider than the side. Thus, when translated work “nakutewaikenai” translations “ya handa” for the phenomenon is mainly translation is not a big issue, but “nakutewaikenai” most “ya handa” as a translation for the expression of a little more translation is needed to see the advantage of diversity. In this study, the Japanese non-translated text, appearing in the Japanese novel “nakutewaikenai” appeared than in the translate novel “nakutewaikenai” and suggested various expressions by replacing the various translation alternatives. Translation is not only a character-by-character conversion but a means-by-means conversion. The same is true for translation of modality. Target language (Target Language) readers should be familiar with the forms of expression. Non-translation text corpus analysis to compare with the translation text translation-oriented readers should be easy to read.

This research mainly focused on 1) developing the foreign language education program by integrating cultural context into foreign language education, called FOLMEP(Foreign Language & Multi-cultural Education Program), and 2) examining effects of this program on the foreign language learning and multicultural attitude of Korean college students. Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design was employed. Students in experimental group (n = 36) participated in Japanese language class which FOLMEP was implemented and students in control group (n = 31) took the traditional Japanese language class without FOLMEP. All students conducted pre- and posttest using Multicultural Attitude for College Students at the beginning and end of semester. To collect qualitative data, FGI were conducted and students’ reflection notes and self-evaluation were additionally collected. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and the results of this investigation demonstrated that FOLMEP did impact students’ milticultural attitude, specifically recognition and behavior. From the quantitative analyses, 2 themes emerged: (1) mature multicultural attitude, and (2) foreign language proficiency and competency. Based on the results of the research, some recommendations were suggested for further studies.

Result for the Gakutei Ⅱ　of many mysteries, it was discussed in pick up the works around the person, Robun’s work Gokan and works of Meiji era publication, about the Author and the establishment of work, items such as the following could be elucidated. The first, BaiteiKinga who is called best friend by Gakutei Ⅱ and HeiteiGinkei who wrote a preface about Gakutei Ⅰ’s Kokeibon were a common acquaintance of Gakutei Ⅰ and Gakutei Ⅱ. The second, as the result I analyzed the bibliographies of Gokan “SakurazosiGonichiBundan” that was revised by Robun, it was the publication order, such as the following. In other words, it was the order “SakurazosiGonichiBundan” Yamadaya was published →“SakurazosiGonichiBundan” Moriya was published → “SakurasogoIchidaiki” Shinagawaya was published. The third, I can guess the Gakutei Ⅱ fell in unfortunate circumstances “Nanui”　system is according to be abolished in 1872(= 5th year of Meiji). It seems the results of investigation of “TakasimachoGankiro”,　“EirisinbunZatuwa” and “TokyoRyukouSaikennki” published in the Meiji era, he died in 1885(=18th year in Meiji) or earlier.

Tadano Makuzu was to explain the concept of a country called “the whole of a country” with the concept “the rhythm between heaven and earth”, and “number of day and night”. Such two concepts were influenced by the concept of the county, boundary and territory in the trade theory of her father Kudo Heisuke. In the age when Makuzu lived, goods distribution economy reached not only the trade with foreign countries but also the entire area in Japan. In the market, economy depended on the distributed goods and the amount of current money, and it was thought that there was periodical rhythm in it. That is the concept called “the rhythm between heaven and earth”. With such a rhythm “the whole of a country” was understood and equal trade with the foreign countries located in the geographical world was discussed. In addition, an argument that there exist run of Sun and Moon suitable for geographical location of the individual countries is “number of day and night”. Like this “the whole of a country” was the general phenomenon in the foreign countries as well where periodical change of goods distribution economy called “the rhythm between heaven and earth” occurred and economy was developed. On the contrary “number of day and night” shows that in the foreign countries of the geographical world there exist independent culture and life according to their own climate and natural characteristics. Makuzu thought that such differences were universal equal relation between the countries and did not perceive it as discrimination.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the aspects of Tenjin(天神) in “Kitano Tenjin Engi(北野天神縁起)” by focusing on a divine message and a profit scene. In a divine message scene of “Kitano Tenjin Engi”, Tenjin(Michizane) showed an aspects as (1)vindictive spirit, (2)vindictive spiritㆍgod of the mercy, (3)god that clarifies reward and punishment. Tenjin also showed an aspects as (1)household gods of regents and the chief adviser to the Emperor(摂関家), (2)Temmano Dajizai Tenjin(天満大自在天神), (3)god of the poetry sentence, (4)guardian deity of the basis of the Empire, (5)god that clears himself from innocence, (6)representative of god ㆍgod that take away his disgrace, (7)vindictive spirit in a profit scene. Tenjin accomplishes various changes in a divine message and a profit scene of “Kitano Tenjin Engi”. In particular, Tenjin showed power of god as the “Archery” ㆍ “Temmano Dajizai Tenjin”ㆍvindictive spiritㆍ“Dajouitokuten(大政威徳天)” in the text, while keeping as for the aspects of the “Temmano Dajizai Tenjin”ㆍvindictive spirit, and it transforms as an object of faith for this world profit in the function and role to more concretely in a divine message and a profit scene.

As described above, I was examined for deer appearing in Japanese classical literature. Description of the deer be varied indeed, description consisting mainly of ritual is transmitted in ancient times, such as the tradition of the white deer that is sacred and entertainment, the deer dance and divination that Shikaboku is transmitted. And According to the “Harima Fudoki” is used the blood of deer in rice cultivation rituals of ancient Japan, research results in various have been hammered out what they mean, but another thing which I believe Juryoku to dwell in blood of deer will not. And, in the “Manyoshu”, deer are sung as an animal that represents wife love, divorce, vermin, and hunting, but are poems by causing with Hagi as Keibutsu of fall mainly, if you appear as stir lovesickness and often. By the way, poetic sentiment of the people of that time are stimulated in a harrowing sound of the cry of the deer, most of the songs on the deer is in the song Wing in the fall, but in the representation with the authority to “The Shijing” and “Rokumei” Yes, you have the meanings champions Gusuru the honored guests at a party also is certain. Era as the down, change seems to have occurred also in the sense of people about deer, As you look at the story and “Yamato Monogatari” and “Konjaku Monogatarishuu” and “UjiShui Monogatari”, more than one for flowers and deer it is believed that there is a way of feeling, even in the same period, the “City”, “chick”, that it is is associated with values ​​as “excellent”, “poor” and “new” and “old”. It began to gain a position as a “Sacred Beast” If you look and lore that appeared as God and example, of white deer and Shinji variety is obvious that the deer, but on the other hand, as vermin to devour the crops field it was also the subject of hunting. Therefore, for vermin extermination, it is because you can develop also culture eating deer that is caught, up to the Edo period from the Heian period, to confirm its mark.

This article is about the Gocheonwonje(高天原祭) in Goryeong. Goryeong was postulated as Imnailbonbu(任那日本府) during the Japan colonial period and also, several memorials were built by the Japan. As the descendants of the resplendent culture of the Gaya’s dynasty, it was a humiliating incident for the Goryeong people. In the way of recovering their pride, they used Japanese myth for the attacking theory. According to their theory, the location of the Gocheonwon is the Goryeong, therefore Japanese royal family is the descendants of the Goryeong. By theorizing and ritualizing, they wanted to advertise Goryeong as the national pride. In a bid to these movement Gocheonwon was built in the Gaya university and holding Gocheonwonje every spring. They are holding conference with Korean-Japanese co-ceremony during the Gocheonwonje. Therefore, Gochenwonje is the newly created tradition by the Goryeong residents. In addition, the fact that Goryeong continuously mentions connection between Japanese myth and Goryeong region, some parts of the myth settled local society. But, their statement of the Gocheonwon theory has little objectivity. And Gocheonwon movement has tendency on led by the one person. This is why we cannot predict how this movement changes. Therefore, we need to observe closely on the changes.

Wani was the first man to transmit Chinese character and the teachings of Confucius and wrote the lyrics for song which was called “Naniwazu no uta” when the imperial Prince Osazaki’s throne succession. By the way, in Wani’s transmission in ancient times shows not only his academic activity but also his political sufferings. He achieved recognition from people, because of his academic activity in Japan. But before then, he was sent to Japan as human tribute. And more over, the imperial Prince Uji, the student of his, who was expected to be the Japanese Imperor was dead without succession to the throne. Therefore, Wani should had entrusted his life to the imperial Prince Osazaki instead. In that meaning, Wani was an unlucky man in the political view point. His sending to Japan and transmission of Chinese character, the teachings of Confucius and writing the lyrics for song which was called “Naniwazu no uta” shows his academic activity in Japan, but it also suggests his political sufferings. In these multiplex awareness of awareness of Wani in ancient times affected a lot to Wani’s transmission in historical record and literary description in process of extension.

During the Imjin War, the war between Chosun Dynasty and Japan that broke out in 1592, Japan had experienced victories after victories in land but could not avoid consecutive losses to Chosun fleet lead by the navy hero Admiral Yi Sun-Shin. During the 7 year span of the war, the only victory that the Japanese Navy had enjoyed was the battle of Chilcheollyang(1597). After the Imjin War had ended, there were many literatures published in Japan about the war. Only after one century after the end of the war, Japan had published ‘the History of the Imjin War’ by collecting many historical records. In order to understand Japan’s current recognition about the Imjin war, it is critical to research about how did Japanese describe the naval warfare where they had to experience consecutive losses over the land battles where they were overwhelming and how they have been describing Admiral Yi Sun-Shin. The main objective of this research paper is to contemplate on how Admiral Yi Sun-Shin is portrayed in Japanese modern Publication collections. Admiral Yi Sun-Shin was not well known to Japan in the beginning of the modern age until 「 The two trips to Pyongyang」 was flew in from Ming Dynasty to Japan, where Admiral Yi had first appeared. Admiral Yi had became the hero of Chosun Navy forces after 「Jingbi-rok」 wad revealed in Japan from Chosun Dynasty. The above process and aspects were closely considered in this research paper.

Following Japan’s defeat in 1950 there was a ‘circle movement’ began in Japan and the key to understanding the mindset of the generation could be found within the publications of the time. The Osaka Joseon Poets Association’s publication “Jin Dal Rae” was responsible for uniting the young literature buffs in 1953, during a time when Korean Japanese movement was most difficult for those who had witnessed the war in their motherland from Japan. However, the conflict between the awakening of people wanting to study literature and their main opinion and The Jochonryeon in Japan, saw the end the publication’s political influence. For the youths who had never written poetry before, their participation in ‘Jin Dae Rae’ allowed them to obtain poetry as a form of expression. Although culturally and artistically immature, the impact of proclaiming one’s life was extremely significant and the crude publication, printed on a copying press, began a remarkable chain reaction. From very Korean scenes of horror and anti-American propaganda to personal life experiences, events, family and neighbours, the scope and range of content in their poetry allowed them to find exposure as ‘Korean Japanese’. The most marginalized Korean Japanese women were able to give voice to their lives in a public forum through ‘Jin Dal Rae’.

In this paper, I considered the process in which folk songs, a typical genre of provincial art, was discovered in Korea, and the feature which the hometown in Korea was used as the principal theme of Korean folk songs. Even now, when a Japanese interlocutor who has lived in Korea discusses a Korean folk song, the concept of hometown does not arise. However, when discussing Korean folk songs, the concept of hometown is a very important element that exudes ethnicity and history. Nanba Sentarou (1894-?) describes the strong connectivity of ethnicity, folk songs, and hometown, and expressed the peculiar difference of folk songs of Korea in contrast to those of Japan. Since this connectivity is not recognized by Noguchi Ujyo (1882-1945), a paragon of Japanese folk songs, Nanba and Noguchi clashed in the paper about a folk song respectively. Nanba’s recognition resonated with the Japanese poets of the Tanka (poem of 31 syllables) genre who lived on the Korean Peninsula and critics supporting folk arts such as Asakawa Noritaka (1884-1964). That is, the Korean folk song was positioned as Korean hometown poetry, and as a treasure that can reveal Korean ethnic traits. We can read an understanding about culture and ethnic traits peculiar to Korea from the perspective of Japanese folklorists. The position of other Japanese who deemed Koreans and Korean culture as inferior and accordingly discriminated against them differs in this attitude.

The study pays attentions to the process in which the literary world overlooked pro-Japanese authors and their works focusing on Kim Sang-duk, a pro-Japanese author. During the Japanese colonial period, Kim was capable of publishing numerous books; he deserve attention for his literary activities. However, for his career goes hand in hand with the movement of children’s literature in colonial period, his works have been neglected for a long time. The literary world used to point out his being pro-Japanese author only, blaming the time for his pro-Japanese activities. Colonial literature contains elements that cannot be just explained by histories; such parts will be given attention in this study. This article gives careful consideration to Kim’s fairy tale for children, The Adventures of Taro; the tale as pro-Japanese work is explored by analyzing the book’s cover and illustration. The boy in the cover reveals that he is but a citizen of a small country. In comparison with the boy in the illustration, it is evident what these visual aids imply: It is a Korean boy who plays the leading role though Kim never intended.