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This study set out to identify problems with the paper examination system of the Japanology circles and propose their improvement measures by reflecting on the nature of research in the Japanology circles and analyzing the examination materials of five years at 『Japanese Language & Culture』 that is the journal of Japanese Language & Culture Association of Korea. Problems with the current paper examination system stem from the uniform research management system due to the lack of understanding of the academic area, which does not produce many papers. Since they have to present a good number of papers through abnormal academic activities, the examination system by the association that manages them is run in irrational methods that only meet the form requirement. Since the National Research Foundation of Korea established the society management system, the Japanology circles have distorted their paper presentations. The present study discussed the nature of research that the Japanology circles should pursue and the methods to implement it in order to promote normal academic activities and improve the research environment. Furthermore, the study reviewed whether the composition of the editorial committee that managed the publication of 『Japanese Language & Culture』 was effective for fair examinations along with the regulations of paper submission and edition and the overall aspects from examination to publication. By analyzing paper contributors and examiners in the paper examination materials of 『Japanese Language & Culture』 for five years, the study specified the irrationalities of paper examination in objective data and proposed a paper examination system to supplement it.

本論文は日本学界の論文審査制度の問題点と改善案を提示するために、まず、日 本学界の研究の本質について省察し、韓国日本言語文化学会の学会誌『日本言語文化』 の五年間の審査資料を分析した。 現行の論文審査制度の問題点は学問領域に対する理解不足からくる画一化した研 究管理制度のために発生する。論文が多く出にくい分野であるのに、非常識的な学会 活動をし、多数の論文を発表しなければならないため、この過程を管理する学会の審 査制度も形式のみを揃えた非合理的な方法で運営されている。 韓国研究財団の学会管理制度が構築されてから、日本学界の論文発表の在り方が 歪められ、正常な学術活動及び研究環境の再考のために、日本学界の追究するべき研 究の本質とその遂行方法について述べた。 さらに『日本言語文化』 の発行を管理する編集委員会の構成、論文の投稿･編集規 定、審査から掲載に至る諸事項が公正な審査に有効に働いているかを検討し、また『日本言語文化』 に投稿された五年間(2015年~2019年)の論文審査資料から論文の投稿 者と審査者に対する分析を行い、論文審査の不合理性を客観的なデータで具体化し、 これを改善する論文審査制度を提案した。

In this paper, in order to show Japanese language learners how to use ‘sagasu’, ‘saguru’ and ‘shiraberu’, I considered the relationship between meanings in each word from the perspective of semantic extension and compared the central and peripheral meanings of these three words. To summarize the main points from the viewpoint of the semantic distinction between ‘sagasu’, ‘saguru’ and ‘shiraberu’, ‘sagasu’ always has the meaning element of “trying to find a object”, and ‘saguru’ always includes the meaning element of the difficulty of the confirmation process, such as “using non-visual senses”, “secretly”, or “thinking and trying various means and methods”, and ‘shiraberu’ always has the meaning element of “trying to know more about a object”. These points became a criterion for using these three words properly, and if they could be replaced with each other, these points would be reflected in each word as a difference in nuance.

As seen in the usages of ‘Kare{ttara･tteba} mata chikoku?’(Is he late again?) and ‘Wakatteru{ttara･tteba}.’(I know that.), their usages are overlapping when “tara” and “teba” used as a topic particle or an final particle. The difference between the two expressions of “ttara” and “tteba” has been considered based on the nature of conjunctive particle “tara” and “ba” that constitute them in this paper. Although in most cases, “tara” and “teba” are interchangeable as in the above examples, there are some cases where “teba” can be more appropriately used than “tara” in consideration of the slightest difference of their meanings. It turned out that the cases has less affinity with the nature of “situation-specific”, “directness”, “suprisingness” or “one-time occurrence” that “tara” has. In addition, as “ttara” and “tteba” are compared, the former mainly has the role of the function as a topic particle, the latter as an final particle. This division of roles were also explained on the basis of the difference of the features between the nature of “tara” which puts the informative value in the principal clause and “ba” puts the informative value in the subordinate clause.

As a morphological category to understand “Aspect” seizing the moment in the flow of time alongside with “Tense” related to time , it is common that the aspect consists of 3 ternary aspects which are <perfective - imperfective - perfect> as a dedicated type to indicate the progressive and the resultative in general linguistics. From the general linguistic point of view, in Japanese, <スル─シテイル> forms “binary aspect” that is perfective-imperfective. <スル> as the perfective does not separate the situation but recognize an indivisible situation from beginning to end, whereas <シテイル> as the imperfective indicates the progressive and the resultative according to the lexical meaning of verb in one form. Furthermore, it is very unusual to have two different meanings depending on a lexical meaning under one linguistic form from other languages in the world. On the other hand Uwajima dialect is considered to be similar to general linguistic because the form of <スル─シヨル─シトル> makes “ternary aspect” of <perfective - imperfective - perfect>. The purpose of this research is to study the meaning of aspect as the perfective form. The study inquires the difference between standard language and Jeju dialect in Korean compared to Japanese having similarity between standard language and Uwajima dialect in terms of representing aspect as the perfective.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the frequency and intention of expression of laughing which is used ‘w’, ‘笑(wara)’, ‘草(kusa)’ in Japanese internet-based language. Usually laughing in Japanese internet-based language is expressed with ‘w’, ‘笑(wara)’, ‘草(kusa)’. But we have not clarified the frequency, and user’s intention using these three characters. Thus we carried out two investigation. One is analysis of examples in Twitter and Casphy.com which is big online youth bulletin in Japan, the other is survey targeting Japanese native speakers. As a result, we clarified the frequency of expression of laughing is ‘w(58.58%)> 笑(wara: 35.83%)>草(kusa: 3.33%)>mixed type(1.25%)’. And we also clarified the intentions of expression of laughing used ‘w’, ‘笑(wara)’, ‘草(kusa)’ are ‘laughing for fun(75.83%)’ and ‘social laughing(24.17%)’. It was similar with intention of Japanese native speakers through survey investigation. And it has no differences in genders, but has a differences in generation. We could perceive the ages group of 50 years has negative image on ‘w’ and ‘草(kusa)’.

In the rapidly changing situation of the future society, training talent with the ability to flexibly and creatively solve unpredictable complex problems and analyze them in a framework of thinking fused with other fields has become the central task of education. Communication and interaction between instructors and students are important in changing education, and it has become more important than anything else to enable communication between generations as well as communication between regions in globalization using various communication tools suitable for the digital era. In the educational field, flipped learning has been attempted as a new educational method, and it has been emphasized as a new university’s educational model as a learner-centered education and two-way interaction, not a traditional uniform and one-way knowledge transfer class. This study proposes a lecture improvement plan aimed at fostering autonomous and creative talent required by the future society by promoting changes in the educational field through the COVID-19 era and introducing new communication methods. Class progress is divided into five stages as follows, and Google, Padlet, and Mentimeter are used as SNS communication tools. 1. Preclass (1) Present the subject of the instructor, ask questions, and dig up the students’ thoughts (2) Students’ expression of their opinions, understanding others’ opinions, comparing, expanding information, reviewing their own ideas, and discussing among students 2. Inclass (3) Knowledge acquisition, and in-depth learning through analysis, analysis, and lectures on the trends of instructors’ presented contents (4) Coordinating, discussing, and refining students’ opinions 3. Postclass (5) Organize systematic content, check your understanding with quizzes In other words, at the introduction before class, students are stimulated to think with questions, creative thoughts are expanded, and schemas are activated. In-depth learning is conducted through lectures by professors and the contents are organized. The most important parts at this time are students’ expression of their own thoughts, comparison of thoughts with others, refining their thoughts through discussion, familiarizing and organizing the contents, and checking their understanding with quizzes.

未来社会の急変する状況の中で、予測不可能な複雑な問題について柔軟かつ創意的に解決していき、他の分野と融合した思考の枠組みの中で分析できる能力を兼ね備えた人材養成が教育の中心課題となった。 教育の変化において、教授者と学生間、学生と学生間の疎通および相互作用が重要視されており、これにはデジタル時代に適した多様な疎通ツールを使用してグローバル化の中の地域間疎通だけでなく世代間疎通、協業が可能になるようにすることは何より重要になった。教育現場でフリップラーニングは新しい教育方式で試みられ、これは伝統的な画一的で一方向的な知識伝達方式の教授中心の授業ではなく、学習者が中心となる教育、双方向相互作用という方式の教授法で新しい大学の教育モデルとして強調されてきている。 本研究では、COVID-19時代を経験しながら教育現場の変化を図り、新しいコミュニケーション方式を導入することで、未来社会が要求する自律的で創意的な人材養成を目標とする講義改善案を提案する。授業進行は次のように5段階に分け、SNS疎通ツールとしてグーグル、パドレット、メンティメータを活用する。 1.Preclass (1)教授者のテーマ提示、質問、学生たちの考えを探り出す (2)生徒たちの各自の意見表現、他人の意見理解、比較、情報拡張、自分の考え検討、生徒間の討議 2.Inclass (3)教授者の提示された内容に対する傾向把握、分析、講義による知識習得、深化学習 (4)学生たちの意見調整、討論、考え方整理 3.Postclass (5)体系的な内容の整理、クイズで理解度を確認する。 すなわち、授業前の導入部で学生たちに質問で思考を刺激し、創意的な考えを拡張し、スキーマを活性化する。 教授の講義を通じて深層学習が行われ、内容を整理する。この時、最も重要な部分は学生は自分の考えを表現し、他人との考えを比較し、討議を通じて考えの整え、最後に内容を熟知して完成していく順である。

This study compared and analyzed the discourse structure and expression when asking permission from native Japanese speakers and Japanese learners. The analysis results of this study are summarized as follows. First of all, in the discourse structure when requesting permission, the patterns of Japanese learners (10 patterns) were more diverse than those of Japanese native speakers (5 patterns). It turns out that Japanese have standardized expressions and that Japanese learners often use expressions of apology. Japanese native speakers often use expressions asking for permission [欠席させていただきます。][休ませていただきます。] Japanese learners [欠席させていただきたいと思います。] used a lot. Next, native Japanese speakers tended to refer to purpose with expressions of apology, while Japanese learners tended to refer only to apology. It is thought that Japanese native speakers value mitigation of the situation, and Japanese learners value politeness.

本研究は、日本語の母語話者と日本語学習者を対象に許可を求める際のEメールにおける談話構造と表現を比較分析した。本研究の分析結果をまとめると次のとおりである。まず、許可を求める際の談話構造は、日本語母語話者(5パターン)より日本語学習者(10パターン)のパターンが多様であった。次に、日本語母語話者の許可求めは定型化された表現があり、日本語学習者は謝罪表現を多用していることが分かった。日本語母語話者が多用するのは[欠席させていただきます。][休ませていただきます。]で定型化されているのにくらべ日本語学習者は[欠席させていただきたいと思います。]の表現を多用することがわかった。 次に謝罪する際、日本語母語話者は謝罪表現と共に用件を言及する傾向があり、日本語学習者は謝罪だけを言及する傾向が見られた。これは日本語母語話者は状況の緩和を重視し、日本語の学習者は丁寧さを重視するものと考えられる。

This paper analyzes the historical meaning of Yokomitsu Riichi’s novel 『Crest』 serialized in the January to September issue of 『kaizo』 in 1934 from the perspective of readers, media, economy, and women. The 『Crest』 is a novel that embodied ‘Theory of Pure Novel’ based on the ‘Rural Rehabilitation Movement’ in the 1930s. In this paper, the researcher reviewed the tone of the novel’s narrator, “I” and 『kaizo』 by analyzing First of all, the researcher looked at how the author and the readers interact. The author used the unique narrator “I” at the time to convey the author’s thoughts to the readers and allow the readers to understand the work on their own. In addition, in response to readers’ criticism, it aimed to be both a popular novel and a pure literature as a full-fledged novel. Secondly, the interaction with 『kaizo』, the medium in which 『Crest』 was serialized, was analyzed. The tone of 『kaizo』, which was critical of the situation at the time, influenced the readers of 『Crest』, and readers of 『Crest』 were able to comprehend the articles of 『kaizo』 more analytically. Thirdly, the researcher looked at how the economic reality of the time was reflected. The author showed a critical view of the government that only strives to prepare for war rather than the safety of the people.

In literary works, “death” plays an important role in causing conflicts between characters and driving the plot. Death has the irreversibility of being unable to return to life when it dies, and therefore the inalienable intelligence of not knowing about the afterlife. This causes people to feel pain and fear of death. The description and role of death in literary works can be said to be the result of using pain and fear. However, in literary works, there are cases where the two characteristics of death are contrary. The dramatic effect is maximized by reviving the dead. Therefore, this article focuses on classical Japanese and Korean performing arts based on prior research. It was because classical performing arts had a profoundly different faith from the ancient faith of life and death, and gained widespread popular support. First of all, we summarize the flow of Japanese resuscitation stories and analyze the resuscitation stories of modern joruri and kabuki. He then compared it with the Korean “Prince of Bali” and “Simcheongjeon”. In conclusion, the Japanese idea of resuscitation tended to seek medical causal relationships in entertainment. It can also be pointed out that the idea of resuscitation is used in a funny way. On the other hand, the idea of resuscitation in Korea was used to emphasize Confucian ethics such as filial piety. That’s why the story is so far from reality.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the aspects of transformation of the Sanno Faith(山王信仰), particularly focusing on the Literary Arts in Ancient Japan and the Chapter 1･2 of Heike Monogatari. In ancient literary arts, Sanno was described as Oyamakui no Kami, which is enshrined on Mt. Hiei in Kojiki and Sendaikujihongi, and represented the deity as the guardian deity of Mt. Hiei. In addition, it can be seen that the two gods, Miwa Myojin and Oyamakui no Kami were enshrined on Mt. Hiei. And the divinity of Mt. Hiei as Kamiyama can be seen in Kaifuuso, and it shows the deity as the guardian deity of the Tendai sect in Shuchusho. In the Chapter 1･2 Heike Monogatari, Hiyoshi Gongen is depicted as the object of prayer for healing of illness, possession, mercy and upaya. And it is also depicted as the god of punishment and a miraculous god. Sanno which was considered the guardian deity of Mt. Hiei, when Gongen faith actively led Heian period from the mid to the end, was referred to as Hiyoshi Gongen, people sought worldly benefits such as recovery from illness. In the background of this, Sanno Shrine was always built as a guardian deity of the temples of the Tendai sect, and Sanno faith spread throughout the country along with the prosperity of the Tendai sect. A simple example of this is that Sanno underwent various transformations as a god seeking worldly benefits.