Earticle

This paper studies the correspondence relationship between copular sentences ofpolite form in Japanese and Korean. desu, copula of polite form in Japanese can correspond to yeyo and yo, (quasi)copula of polite form in Korean. The issue in this paper is to reveal the differencebetween the condition that desu in Japanese corresponds to yeyo in Korean and thecondition that desu in Japanese corresponds to yo in Korean. For this purpose, in the first place, we must examine the difference between yeyoand yo in Korean. Analysis results about yeyo and yo in Korean are as follows. (1) yeyo has the usage of predicational sentence, specificational sentence and'eel' sentence. On the contrary, yo has only the usage of specificationalsentence in the form of cleft sentence. (2) In iew of the discourse function, yo designates the information in sentenceis the one hearer must know or understand sufficiently. As a result, from the perspective of usage and discourse function, yeyo and yoin Korean are used distinguishing the differences in usage and discourse functionabove. However, desu in Japanese are used not distinguishing the differences above.

Although research clarifying the requirements for the teachers in connection withlanguage education is being realized by various trials, accumulation of subdividedresearch about overseas educational environment is a future subject like Hirahata(2009:117)“mentions that it is necessary to accumulate research about the qualificationwhich is required in each domain of varied Japanese language education.”Equally, development and suggestion the supportive method for the teacher toacquire the required abilities based on the clear qualification of the teacher are alsovery important subjects. In this research, as a trial to meet the subject stated above, the qualificationswhich Korean universities demand for the Japanese native teacher are clarified andit suggests the way focused on the comprehension of Korean culture and languageto support pre-service teachers who have the possibility to perform Japaneselanguage education in Korea. The supportive method is to provide the informationwhich is specifically developed about communication gap between Korea and Japan.

The study introduces an overview on the awareness of Japanese tourists regardingChinese characters used in tourist guidebooks translated from Korean into Japanese. Japanese tourists experience difficulty in pronouncing, and possibly, understandingthe exact meaning of the Chinese characters used for names of people, cultural assetsand other terms describing cultural aspects in tourist guidebooks translated intoJapanese. Unlike Chinese characters used in Korean language, Chinese charactersin Japanese language are often read and understood with different pronunciations. Japanese tourists answered that they would appreciate the use of Katakanatransliterations along with Chinese characters in said texts, in order to avoidconfusion and improve readability. If translations are limited by space within touristguidebooks, using Katakana instead of Chinese characters could be a bold alternativethat would enhance readability for all Japanese age groups. Such matter should alsobe considered when translating public institution websites, since a lot of foreignersgather information about Korea using the internet in this era. And as this could betheir first step towards knowing Korea, names and terms containing culturalelements should be transliterated carefully and accurately following a consistent,purpose oriented method for positive reader　response.

This thesis is about the usage of evaluation among various usages of sentencefinalparticle ｢ne｣ and ｢yone｣ in view of politeness. As a result of the research,sentence-final particle ｢ne｣ and ｢yone｣ have the function of consideration forlisteners in common; however, there are subtle differences between them. In case of <compliment>, the usage of sentence-final particle ｢ne｣ is preferredover ｢yone｣. It has something to do with the fact that the usage of ｢yone｣ is restrictedin the same way found in the example sentence (2). In some cases, it is found that｢yone｣ is used when the speaker re-evaluates the listener, which makes differencewith the usage of ｢ne｣. In case of <condemnation>, ｢yona｣ is used instead of ｢yone｣. When eitherpostposition ｢ne｣ or ｢yone｣ is used with adverb ｢yoku｣ (which is an ironicalexpression), or adverb ｢mo｣ (which is a euphemistic expression), the negativeevaluation can be delivered in a roundabout way. This is associated with Leech'stheory ｢approbation maxim｣.

This thesis is a study about the differences of idiomatic expressions related tothe different types of grain in Korean and Japanese language. These idiomatic expressions are normally used for simple descriptions and metaphors. Similarly in both the Korean and Japanese languages, these expressions are notrelated to feelings but to actions and situation. But it is believed that these idiomaticexpressions have been developed independently because there is rarely a sharedmeaning between them. Among the grains ｢Mame/Kong｣ are the most unique. In both Korean andJapanese the word ｢Mame/Kong｣ is used to illustrate small abstract and concretenouns. However, ｢Mame｣have a positive meaning in Japanese but in Korean ｢Kong｣their meaning is mostly negative because they are seen as being small and notspecial. Nonetheless, the Korean language uses ｢TtangKong｣ (peanuts) in a positivemanner because they are seen as being practical and extraordinary even though theyare so small. In Japanese, ｢Nuka｣ has a slight negative meaning. Interestingly, theonly grains that the Korean language associates positively are peanuts and sesames. Among the Korean language beans have been used as an exaggeration of the truth,a criticism of other people and a way of describing poverty and impatience.

This study endeavors to show the sentential(construction) tendency(characteristic)and meaning function of ‘takusan(たくさん)’ ‘ippai(いっぱい)’ ‘tappuri(たっぷり)’ inthe amount adverbs what has limited quantities function. First of all, it is the result of studying for compatibility and construction levelat the sentential tendency in amount adverbs. It is possible to use the amount adverbwith verbs and nouns. In this case, the condition of compatibility is decided by theexistence of vocabulary quantity. This result confirmed that the amount adverb isimpossible to use together with relative degreed nouns. In other words, amountadverbs are impossible to use with degreed vocabulary. Also, the amount adverbs in level of structure are to have propositional characteristicsand descriptive characteristics because it presents itself many times in group B. Next, in inner propositional characteristics the amount adverb has the amountmeaning function for numbers, endeavor, contents, information about entity, numbersof people, and classifications. Also the surplus of ‘takusan(たくさん)’ ‘ippai(いっぱい)’ in quantity of excess isunderstood that the external of propositional meaning function that suggests themental attitude of the speaker according to the premise.

The “Aozora Bunko” is the Japanese electronic text archives via Internet, andit contains mass electronic text by wide and diverse authors. For that reason, the“Aozora Bunko” is a rich repository of Japanese electronic text resources. The purpose of this paper is to develop and introduce the ｢AJ-Aozora Tool｣. AndIt is a program for building “Aozora Bunko database”. We will be able to used“Aozora Bunko” more widely and efficiently for the study of Japanese by using the｢AJ-Aozora Tool｣. Its main functions and features are as in the following. 1) The ｢AJ-Aozora Tool｣ allows to download all the Japanese electronic text of“Aozora Bunko” at once, and automatically handle or change all the text youdownloaded too. (e.g. Plain test，XHTML text)2) And we can automatically analysis morpheme of all the electronic text of“Aozora Bunko” as well as other electronic text. 3) Moreover it allows us to build our own database of “Aozora Bunko” by usingthe electronic text you downloaded or analysis morpheme before. (e.g. MSACCESS/MS-SQL)

This paper is aimed at exploring and analyzing the use aspect and correspondingrelation of Korean and Japanese transitive and intransitive verb expression, clearlyuncovering the similar and different points of verb predicative sentence expressionstructure in both languages, furthermore, reviewing and analyzing in correlation withpragmatic level. As a result of looking into Korean and Japanese corresponding relation of total1,570 examples of transitive and intransitive verb expression in total 522 transitiveverb and intransitive verbs, it was clarified that setting total 6 types with 3 consistentcorresponding types and 3 inconsistent corresponding types is possible. I-C type of both use for transitive and intransitive verb is a type having greatimplications in that significant difference is observed in both Korean and Japaneselanguages. As case may be, Japanese selects an intransitive verb expression to implya speaker's politeness to a listener, and selects a transitive verb to express occurrenceof an aspect is under the speaker's responsibility, while Korean is indifferent orneutral to such selection factors, which shows difference. This paper started from predicting the similarity of intransitive and transitive verbexpression structure due to structural similarity both Korean and Japanese languageshave, seen from the 92.8% perfect consistent (Ⅰ-A type, Ⅰ-B type) correspondingratio, that can be said to be a correct judgement to some extent. However, this paperfound it important to perceive the difference of transitive and intransitive verbexpression structure between both Korean and Japanese languages in the typeshowing 3.6% actual inconsistent(I-C type) or 3.6% complete insistent (Ⅱ-A type,Ⅱ-B type, Ⅱ-D type) corresponding ratio, the significance of this paper can be foundin that aspect.

This paper is regarding Katakana learning by association method for Koreanlearners. With this method, cards were created to associate Katakana character withstories and images. The effect of the Katakana character acquisition through theuse of the cards was examined from an experiment lesson, and then Katakanalearning-materials development was proposed. First, creation of the Katakana study card was given as a subject to seventy-fourcollege students who received instruction using the teaching materials of IS Hiraganaassociation method by Quackenbush (2007). For each card, the students drew picturesthat associated the Korean letter with the Katakana character. The Katakana imageswords had similar sounds to the beginning sounds of the Korean words. Over a thousandcards were submitted; the cards that best associated the sounds were selected. In Seoul in October 2012, ten high school sophomores with no prior knowledgeof Japanese attended the experiment class. After being exposed to the Koreanrepresentative of the Katakana characters, the students were able to identify 41.4characters out of 46. A questionnaire survey was conducted in order to improvethe study cards. Results showed that confusion remained for the characters whichwere very similar, such as “セ” and “ヤ”, “チ”, “テ” and “ナ”, and that to ease theburden of learning each individual character, it was more effective to relate thosecharacters together with one connecting story. Thus, the challenge of discerning thedifferences among the similar cards was alleviated. Students commented on the experimental class that through this activity, theynow had an interest in studying Japanese and because they learned the newinformation so quickly, they felt a sense of accomplishment. Furthermore, thestudents felt that they would retain the knowledge long-term. In the future, the fewineffective cards will be improved and trialed again. Eventually, a smart phoneapplication will be developed.

The verb “miseru” means “showing”, and it can be used in the following sentencestructure: "AがBにCを見せる." Here, A represents an Agent, B represents a Patient,and C represents an Object. Unlike an agent and a patient, who are always humans,various things can serve as an object, such as a human (e.g., hanayome wo miseru(花嫁を見せる), a thing (e.g., denbunn wo miseru (電文を見せる)), or an event (e.g.,ittchi wo miseru (一致を見せる)). However, not all nouns (or noun phrases) can serve as an object of the verb“miseru,” as shown by the following examples that are inappropriate: “jiyuu wo miseru(自由を見せる)”, “mendo wo miseru (面倒を見せる)”. In this paper, we examined empirical data to address the question: what servethe object of the verb “miseru” as in the sentence structure “AがBにCを見せる”?The results showed that the things that have concrete forms, such as a thing, partsof the body (mono (モノ)), were most often used as objects. In addition, things thathave less concrete forms, such as human figure, appearance, reaction, facialexpression, and motion (koto (コト)) also found to serve as objects. Furthermore,ideas that do not have concrete forms nor can be visualized, such as inner feelings,status, will, physical condition, abstract concepts also served as objects. All thesedifferent kinds of objects had one common characteristic; they all belonged to theagent. Finally, the verb “miseru” can be also used when the patient notices the object,as opposed to when the agent shows an object. In such a case, non-volitional objectsof the verb “miseru”, such as “suki(隙)”,“kehai(気配)”,“iro(色)”were used.

This study pointed out problems about Japanese adjective conjugation. To bespecific, this paper checked the problems about adjective conjugation in Japaneseschool grammar and conjugation in Japanese education, and studied how to proposeit. School grammar proposes adjective conjugation's system just as verbal conjugation's. For example, the system of adjective conjugation, having 6 conjugated forms includingimperative form which is not for adjective, does not reflect features of the adjectiveproperly. In addition, the system of adjective conjugation in Japanese educationsuggests different forms to meet the goal for Japanese education. However, therehas limits to explain all the forms of adjectives. Moreover, there has been only fewattempts to criticize the system of adjective conjugation as well, unlike the systemof verbal conjugation has been studied a lot through conventional studies. Therefore, this study pointed out a problem about the discordance between theusage and name for the conjugation in school grammar. Besides, this study alsopointed out that it is not able to explain all the conjugation by the system of theJapanese education. To settle these problems, this study suggested a conjugationsystem by predicative function and modifier's function, considering adjective'sfunctional features. This attempt is meaningful in that how adjectives work in thetext was considered, not to simply learn the pattern of adjectives.

This study looked at differences in meanings and usages of the complex cases｢nituite｣｢nitaisite｣ and ｢nitotte｣that are not specifically dealt in advanced researchesby mainly reviewing the comparisons of the features of preceding nouns and thefollowing verbsand case replacement phenomenon. Results of the analysis are asfollows. First of all, for the differences between ｢nituite｣ ｢nitaisite｣ and ｢nitotte｣, ｢nituite｣has a broad range of subjects, mainly senses and recognitions such as ｢language⋅thoughtsㆍrecognition⋅investigation｣, and the specific subjects are presented as atheme. ｢nitaisite｣ strongly works for ｢direct human actions, attitude-like feelingsor languages｣for the subjects and furthermore is defined to be capable of showingadient effects. Also, ｢nitotte｣ can be said to show ｢relative standards of evaluationfor the subject｣ and ｢the subject that feels emotions｣. Based on the results of the above research the utilization method for KoreanJapanese learners are suggested as below. First, as a means of grammar education the features of meanings of precedingnouns and following verbs for ｢nituite｣ ｢nitaisite｣ and ｢nitotte｣can be suggested toclearly explain the differences of each complex case’s meaning⋅usage. Second, after learning the grammar various example sentences can be suggestedwith blanks so that the students can choose from ｢nituite｣ ｢nitaisite｣ and ｢nitotte｣and learn about the possibilities of misusing them through feedback, as a resultclearly understanding the differences between ｢nituite｣ ｢nitaisite｣ and ｢nitotte｣. Third, when the cause of misuses involve mother tongue interferences such as thecase of ｢Korean ｢∼ e daehaeseo ｣reacts to both ｢nituite｣ and ｢nitaisite｣ of Japanese｣shall be pointed out in class. Fourth, it would be vital to grasp the subtle meaning⋅usage of ｢nituite｣ ｢nitaisite｣ and ｢nitotte｣actual situations in discourses can be taken as examples, focusing ondistinguished uses to learn about each case. Fifth, coming up with example sentences using grammar structures of ｢nituite｣｢nitaisite｣ and ｢nitotte｣ and reading them and using them in conversations wouldhelp learn natural acquisition of meaning⋅usage as well as real life conversations.

This study will focus on the use of ｢ni｣ and ｢kara｣ which is incorporated to anoun of agent in Japanese passive voice. Since ｢ni｣ is used in both indirect passive and direct passive, it is most frequentlyused with respect to quantitative aspects and with various transtive verbs. Incontrast, ｢kara｣ is not used in indirect passive. But, ｢kara｣is used with more varioustranstive verbs than ｢ni｣. ｢ni｣has a relatively large number of cases that a subjectand an agent are animate object (have life or movement). So, it has a large numberof cases of Actional Passive, what Hosokawa said. However, since it also has abite large number of the cases of an inanimate object, it is considered that the numberof Statal Passive is not small. ｢kara｣has a large number of cases that subject andan agent are animate object. So, it is likely to be considered that it has characterof Actional Passive, what Hosokawa said( more frequently used than ｢ni｣). From the argument that when a subject is animated object, the feeling of gettingbenefits or harms is especially strong, we can feel the difference with a degree｢kara｣(83%) >｢ni｣(81%). Also, since ｢ni｣has both a directional aspect (~to) and positionalaspect(in~), it is most frequently used with respect to quantitative aspects. However,｢kara｣only has a directional aspect(from~) and from the perspective of an agent,it has a directional aspect which moves away from the agent.

If you think of recognizing the similarities and differences of certain linguisticitems as ‘associating’, and call the associated groups of the items ‘Sets of RelatedWords (SRW)’, it’s safe to say that both SRW like ‘ト・バ・タラ・ナラ’ andassociating the sets are already being given to learners in current Japanese languageeducation. However, what kind of SRW the learners are recognizing and how theyare associating SRW themselves does not seem to have been proved ever. For thisreason, the purpose of this study is to reveal the process of associating SRW inlearner’s language use. In Noda(2001) points out that ‘able to use’ means ‘acquiring the opposition’(103p),and ‘acquiring the opposition’ means ‘acquiring the co-occurrence relationship’(104p). In this study, ‘opposition’ is treated as SRW, and ‘co-occurrence relationship istreated as a set of condition’s similarities and differences inside and outside thesentences using each form of SRW. Therefore, the point of view of this study islearning a language means acquiring the co-occurrence relationship of SRW. Basedon previous researches that have been limited to the subject of discussion aboutSRW given morphological and functional similarities, it’s the starting point ofdescribing SRW itself as a subject of this study which has been presented as apremise of this argument. Following is the method of the research performed with 7 intermediate learners. 1. Asking them to fill out blanks of the sentence “What is the difference between( ) and ( )?2. Interviewing the learners face to face with the SRW they wrote themselves. As a result of this research, 96 groups of SRW from 7 learners were all different,and could see the fact that each learner has various kinds of SRW. As well, someof the SRW were associated based on co-occurrence relationship, but the others werenot. Whether the associating was based on co-occurrence relationship or not was due to the learner’s actual language use, and had nothing to do with his mothertongue or language level. In conclusion, first, the SRW of learners is not the samebut various. Second, learners can associate words based on co-occurrence relationshiponly when they are related to the learners’ actual language use. If it is true thatlearning words means associating words and words, you should consider eachsituation of learners’ language use in studying words.

The present paper analyzes some hiatus resolution strategies of dialects in Japaneseand Korean within the framework of Optimality Theory. The Shuri dialect ofJapanese and the Gangneung dialect of Korean, which have far different vowelsystems show the same patterns of vowel coalescence regardless of linear orderof V1V2 (i.e., symmetric coalescence). I will explain some type of coalescences withfixed ranking of some constraints, then analyze two dialects by different rankingsof the same set of constraints.

The name in the lives sensitively reflects on periodical, social, and culturalinfluences that are appropriate as an object of diachronic, synchronic, and linguisticstudy. This study examines various linguistic words by research of their names. The names of Korean and Japanese consider as linguistic aspects: the initiative ofproducts recently have changed to consumers, developed importance of the brandnamethroughout symbolism and worth of products. The brand-name is available to communicate between products and consumersand influences on an image of products and psychological satisfaction of consumers. It becomes an important role to determine attempt of products. In this case, the imageof products through the brand-name is highly able to determine from constitutewords of the brand name, thus, this study considers importance and influence ofthem and approaches on linguistic aspects. The brand-name of various products in this study classifies high involvementto low involvement’s products, analyzing high involvement : apartment houses andautomobiles and low involvement: confectioneries and cigarettes. Especially each of product’s brand-names analyzed those common words thatdiversely interoperated in symbolic aspects. Linguistic elements can be explainedworth, criticism, and hope, analyzing emphasized value of products that arrangedand analyzed those words. Sensuous element is one of way which uses commonlyto express symbolic and linguistic elements, stimulated visual, auditory, andsynaesthetic brand-name.

This study considered analysis how the image that I had of the letter representationinfluenced notation of the coffee drink from the standpoint of the sociolinguisticsmark. Specifically, various genus characteristics depended and classified coffee drinkselling in Japan and I analyzed it and considered a letter class and the relationswith various sociolinguistic factors used for notation of the coffee drink how a Japaneseletter class had an outcome, what kind of meaning by an internal external attributeof the coffee drink. The consideration result is settled as follows. ① I have a correlation with a letter class in the notation of the coffee drink andthe kind of the coffee drink. A various letters class tends to be used for a Romaji,“coffee drink with milk” to a Romaji and a kanji, “coffee drink” to “coffee”. ② Ihave a correlation with a letter class in the notation of the coffee drink and thecomponent material included in the coffee drink. Notation varying according tofamiliar condition for having sugar or not, having milk or not and the coffee drinktends to be used. ③ I have a correlation with a letter class in the notation of thecoffee drink and the place of origin of coffee beans. A various letters class tendsto be used for a Romaji, a bean from Southeast Asia in a bean from South America. ④ I have a correlation with a letter class in the notation of the coffee drink andthe roast method of coffee beans. A kanji tends to be used for the product by aspecial roast method. ⑤ I have a correlation with a letter class in the notation ofthe coffee drink and the materials of the container of the coffee drink. Various letterstend to be used for coffee drink made by a Romaji, PET to coffee drink made bya Romaji and a kanji, aluminum to iron coffee drink mainly. ⑥ I have a correlationwith a letter class in the notation of the coffee drink and the release time of thecoffee drink. I tend to change into "Romaji notation and kanji notation → Romajinotation → a variety of notation" by the change of the times. It is used for notation of the coffee drink as a thing reflecting identity of the coffee drink which coffee drink lasts and is going to express in this way, and it may besaid that identity of the coffee drink forms it, and it is strengthened by the imagethat a Japanese letter class kanji and hiragana letter, katakana and Romaji has.

This paper is trying to quantitatively prove Diachronic change of socioculturalmeaning-through comparing Meiji⋅Taisho era using corpus of individual word. Thisis the summary of investigation. (1) Negative discoursive meaning tendency hold a large majority in NIHONJIN(“Japanese”)of Meiji⋅Taisho era and positive meaning tendency is extremely rare. I could suppose from discursive meaning tendency of “having bad habit”, “not equalto Europe and the United States”, “do not coexist with others”, “incompetent⋅ignorant”, etc vesting in NIHONJIN(“Japanese”) of Meiji⋅Taisho era, there issociocultural meaning of “being inferior”. This reflect of Japanese, which wasgrowing a modern nation, longing for and inferiority to the West. (2) GENDAIJIN(“contemporary man”) of Meiji⋅Taisho era has a very negativesociocultural meaning, “being who has lost original humanity”, like modern times. but on the one hand has a positive sociocultural meaning, “new”, which is nonexistentin modern times. and this means that social value of positive looking at contemporaryman still existed until Meiji⋅Taisho era. (3) Sociocultural meaning of FUTSU NO HITO(“ordinary man”), “being ordinarycould be sympathetically accepted”, which is typical meaning of modern times, isnot exist in Meiji⋅Taisho era. Meanwhile, in proportional respect, the discursivemeaning tendency “people who do not has any special ability or experience” is high,on the other hand “people who lead steady lives” is nonexistent in Meiji⋅Taishoera. This gap reflects that social value of looking at ordinary person is changingpositively by degrees as time advanced from Meiji⋅Taisho era to modern times.

The Aesthetics of Passing-by (surechigai) : From Ibaragi Tomoo to IbarakiTomooShibusawa Tatsuhiko (1928-1987) is known as his profound knowledge of rarebooks and uncommon literary works. He wrote Boronji in his later years, whichappeared in literary journal Bungei (November 1982), and was later included inNemuri-hime(1983). The work is based on the story Ibaragi Tomoo which iscontained in Yasokidan (Ishikawa Kousai, Touyoudou 1889-1894), the mysterynovels collection compiled in the Meiji era. Shibusawa Tatsuhiko explains in theend of Boronji as follows: “I changed Ibaragi to Ibaraki, while keeping its story,but the guiding concept and details of the story became different.”Based upon and having started from the original text, Shibusawa wrote a creativefantasy world. How did he refer to and then transform the original text, with regardto the plot development and the characters in Boronji? By examining the image ofthe protagonist Ibaraki Tomoo, and the role of gods and Buddha in the story, I willinvestigate how Shibusawa created his own narrative world.

The Word ‘Valley of Life’ is the very important point in the Play Horai. But themeaning of this word is not made clear until now. When Motoo, a hero of the Play Horai started to climb the mountain Horai, heshouted “I will throw my spirit in the valley of life.” Motoo thought that he wouldbecome spirit and meet God drowning his body in the valley on the top of themountain Horai. When Motoo reached to the top of the mountain Horai, he shouted on the cliffon the top of the mountain Horai “Enter into God! I make this time the key of eternallife.”We can say that this valley which can be seen from the cliff on the top of themountain Horai is ‘Valley of Life’. Above the cliff on the top of the mountain Horai is Heaven and the deep valleywhich extends under the cliff is Hell. Motoo tried to drown his body in the valleyand get eternal life as one spirit. The top cliff on the mountain Horai borders on Heaven and Hell. Body was todrowned to the valley and the spirit was to risen to Heaven. But before Motoo threw his body to ‘Valley of Life’ Satan appeared and attemptedhim to go to Hell.

This study is about the contents and characteristics of ‘Sim-Sang elementaryschool supplementing textbook(3 volumes)’ for Japanese residents in Korea that Inewly found out. These days, studies about textbooks written by JoseonChongdokbuare actively being conducted. Many of them are about ‘elementary school(=ES)’ forKorean kids, and researches of ‘ES Japanese Language’, ‘ES Korean Language’, ‘ESHistory’, and ‘ES Ethics’ are now on the way separately. However, these studiesmay have some problems. First, Lack of viewpoint about textbook writers.Second,hard to understand the writer’s holistic intention and the development process dueto the studies limited to each subject. Third, Indifferent to textbooks for Japanesebecause preceding researches have been one-sided to ‘ES textbooks’. I think youcan find out the reality by comparing and contrasting textbooks of MEXT1) , andtextbooks for Korean and Japanese written byChongdokbu. This study is considering the background and characteristic of ‘supplementingtextbook’(Japanese, ethics, math) for Japanese residents in Korea, mainly about 立柄敎俊 who wrote the 1st edition of Japanese and ethics inJoseonChongdokbu. Incomparison with the fact that they were conscious of Koreans in writing EStextbooks for Korean, supplementing textbooks for Japanese residents were relativelyfree to Koreans and had a strong ideology. What is remarkable is that 小田省吾課長 and 立柄編修官, main figures of theeducation and management bureau, eagerly tried to write textbooks in order to helpstudents get interested and motivated. That’s why they used Korean folk tales inwriting textbooks. But deliberately arranging folk tales about harmony betweenJapan and Korea from Korean folklores was the problem. This research reveals the characteristic of supplementing textbooks by investigating and comparing the Korean folk tales to the textbooks for Korean. In short, first,textbooks for 2nd and 3rd grade had a stronger sense of political ideology than for1st grade. Second, tried giving a sense of superiority and duty to Japanese kids. Third,dealt with books about harmony between Japan and Korea to help Japanese kidsget along with Korean kids. Fourth, exaggerated the similarity between Japan andJoseon. In this way, ‘supplementing textbook’ is trying to justify the colonial ruleby showing Joseon and Japan come from the same root as well as exaggeratingthe sense of duty and superiority.

There are two new method of laughter in Edo-hanashibon, and it is very particularthan Chinese, Korean, and the former Edo period’s Japanese comedic stories it’s ownmethod. First, in case of the Emotion of shame, Edo hanashibon’s character does not shame,but rationalize one’s behavior or put off by referring to other things. Second, in the situation of to glad or wonder, Edo hanashibon’s character’s feelingis to be up and down by someone’s praise; but this is not real praise. And he isdisappointed at someone’s next answer. I consider that this method from Japanese traditional Otoshi banashi’s laughter.

This paper aims to examine Goryeo Grandmother (Kouraibaba) who is worshippedas a Busan Shrine goddess of Mikawachi, Sasebo city on the basis of A Short Recordof Mikawachi Pottery and A Chronicle of Hirado Pottery possessed by MatsuraHistorical Museum. She must have been born in Busan or Ungcheon, and kidnappedby Japanese soldiers while doing laundry outside during Imjin War. She lived inNakano of Hirado, and acquired the craft of pottery-making. And she got marriedwith but lost her husband in her early years. Since then she lived with her son inMikawachi to make tea-bowls and her descendants became government potters. Her lineal descendants inherited her family name of Nakazato, while her collateralchildren were divided into several branch names of Yokoisi, Satomi and Hurukawa. The number of her descendants is the highest among the current potters ofMikawachi. She was pretty broad-minded surpassing a male person. In her lateryears she continued to master the craft and skills of pottery-making, and acquiredthe nick-name of “Goryeo Grandmother” (Kouraibaba) by encouraging young people. And she lived long to be one hundred and six years old. On the other hand, the old woman was a female potter and a female shaman atthe same time. This religious element worked so powerfully that she could be agoddess. She declared that her spirit after death would stay around Mikawachi withher own god to be a protecting guardian spirit for the kilns of her offspring. Inaccordance with the will of the late grandmother, people divinized the grandmotheras a goddess of Busan Shrine and held a memorial service for her, finally to bea goddess of Mikawachi. Her progeny still hold a memorial service here on the fourthof April. As far as the descendants' rites continue, she will remain eternal in Japanas a goddess of Busan Shrine of Mikawachi.

From The Reconcilement, Junkichi went through Satoko’s birth and death aswell as Rumeko’s birth the very next year. From these events, he realized the father’sinstinct of crave, strong feeling for life and that there is an instinctive wish unableto break down the family community within himself. Junkichi also perceived thathis father tried to take an active role for reconcilement and was waiting for his sonduring the Kyoto accident, 2 years ago in Spring. During the last scene of reconciliationbetween the two, the father’s long period of waiting and consideration for his soninstantly loosen Junkichi’s state of tension. This makes communication betweenfather and son which can also be interpreted as reconcilement more natural. Waitingfor the request of reconciliation shows the best advantage of paternity. Through these process, Junkichi become aware that he exist because of his father’sexistence and that the start of a good parent is from self healing. Naoya successfullyexpress how universal paternity leads to communication and the process of selfhealing in the novel 「The Reconcilement」.

Among Koreans look for a way of life not seen concrete style of the people ofKorea vivid Yanagi Muneyoshi(1889-1961, scholar and art critic folk). There is alsoa possibility that there was in Korea as aesthetic object rather than in Korea asthe others. Such a question is amplified through the depiction of the landscape tothe rhythm of his exquisite sensibility among Korean travel Yanagi. This paper isto try to clarify by examining the flow of the history of his thought centered onthe school birch the problem of sensitivity of willow that is formed in the yearsaround 1919 such problems. Japan while toward imperialism in explicit 1910s as if Japan’s annexation of theKorean Peninsula, age seem to democracy and humanism if they were thriving, KojinKaratani on the other hand is in Japan ambiguity of the period ambiguity of willowthat is I pointed out to be related with. There is no longer be able to separate theattitude aesthetic of his morality willow did you request the release of the Koreanpeople for the ‘beauty’ after valley pattern, it is such deep If you do not have that‘beauty’ however I have rated, would have been no intervention. I think there aremany places like this change of evaluation of the willow suggests. Gaze of Yanagi’sthing to the interest to the people of Korea that was manufactured in Korea beauty,rather than as an aesthetic object. That is, the theory of art as a potential new KoreanYanagi as an assessment of the port orientalis. This paper is to examine aspectsof the theory of art-historical thought of Yanagi Muneyoshi Korea from such aposition.

Ok-Kyun Kim(1851-1894) uproused Gabsinjeongbyeon for national prosperity andmilitary power that has seek independence of Chosun from Qing dynasty andmodernization on 4th December in 1884, but his attempts failed due to short-livedreign. After he had left off to Japan, he had lived in exile for about 10 years wanderingaround Ogasawara and Hokkaido. On 28th March in 1894, the day after he arrivedto Shanghai for meeting with Hong jang Lee from Qing dynasty, he was assassinatedby accompanier Jong-Woo Hong sent from Chosun. However, not only his behaviorsand tragic death has had great influence on Chosun, Japan and China, but has beenappraised and interpreted diversely for the literary material up until today. Especially,after released <Death of Ok Kyun Kim> (magazine In-moon) on January in 1920,being the first play written about Ok-Kyun Kim, Akita Ujaku has had much influenceon plays about Ok-Kyun Kim in Japan and Korea. It actually is comprised of withinonly one act, and depicts the postwar scene that Ok-Kyun Kim was sniped byJong-Woo Hong on 28th March in content. The playwriter, as lacking historicalknowledge of the real site and Ok-kyun’s death, filled the absence with hisimagination (or dramatic fabrication) or his own historical acknowledgement inrespect that he focused the subject mainly on the death of Ok-kyun Kim, contraryto previous movie work that delineated Gabsinjeongbyeon. That is, a playwriter’sdrafting with the subject on historical figure cannot be interpreted to be intendedto the historical figure’s facts as it is. It would rather seem to that the playwriterhas been originally meant to solve the social issue through the character’s behaviorsor/and words with playwriter’s criticism toward the society he is living. In addition,playwriter’s intention is delivered in a more clear and strong style to the audienceby plays based on the theatre- even more stronger and clearer if the historical subjectis the simultaneous figure, not the past one. Likewise, Akita Ujaku attempted toreproduce 1920’s periodical apprehension through <Death of Ok-kyun Kim>. With the subject on Ok-kyun Kim who was assassinated in Shanghai on 28th March in1894, it faced the disconsolate 1920’s periodical reality as making his life condensedinto overall life. And it was aimed for the society that has been ultimately seek,the equalized society where nobody can be discriminated. By death of Ok-kyun Kim,beyond individual’s death, Akita Ujaku seems to serve as a momentum of startingpoint toward the futuristic and idealistic world and of seeding the courage to gothrough the reality issues faced by the young like Ota. In that regard, Ok kyun’sdeath has had profound impact on intelligences and masses of ranging from Chosunto Japan and China. Therefore, it is able to check that death and status of Ok-kyunKim displayed on <Death of Ok-kyun Kim> in 1920, has been descended as therepresentational model of reflecting the ironies and issues of reality at each periodand overcoming realities, beyond just staying at one historical accident.

Shiga Naoya tried to eat well, wear warmly and live in comfort. He was extremelyinterested in essential life. In his early works, there are no direct expressions onclothes, foods and spaces of living, so we can just guess what his thoughts andfeelings are. ‘Up to Abashiri’ and ‘The gray moon’ show us changes of status on each character,and we can catch the changes by their clothes. In ‘up to Abashiri’, the mom withtwo children puts on beautiful kimono, but it is old fashioned and not suitable forthe season. ‘The gray moon’ is written directly after the world warⅡ, so the boywho is dying of hunger is wearing rags. In ‘The gods of boy’ and ‘A girl kidnapping story’, the food represents maincharacter’s desire. In ‘The gods of boy’, the boy wants to eat some sushi, but hecannot afford to the expensive food. On the other hands, the main character of ‘Agirl kidnapping story’ has precious foods. But the food itself cannot make theirproblems solved at all, so it is described as the symbol of desire. ‘A Dark Night’s Passing’　and ‘A life scene’ have something in common withliving space. Kyoto is based in both novels and the local color is well brought outin these stories. The hero characters move around a lot, but cannot familiar withthe local people soon. We can fully find out that Shiga’s writings reflect his love of humanity andinterests in essential life of food, clothes, and lodging.

This paper deals with the current international exchange, focusing on the regionbetween Tushima and Busan where a lot of exchanges have happened by differenttypes of groups in history since long before. The cultural exchange surrounding theDiplomatic Mission of Joseon(Joseon tongsinsa) which is one of the main items ofinternational exchange is treated in this paper. oth of them are trying to overcomethe cognition as a periphery towards the center of each country. Tushima makesuse of the Diplomatic Mission of Joseon to promote the local economy and find outtheir local identity, receiving visitors from Korea, especially Busan. Busan is eagerlyanticipating the cultural content of the Diplomatic Mission of Joseon in order to makedifferences from the center in historical and cultural matters. On the other hand,you can’t deny that both have a feeling of superiority from the self-awarenessinternalizing the ‘center-awareness’ in themselves. Though the two were peripheralagainst the center of each country, they’re also showing the peripheral recognitionof others toward each other in international exchange. At the same time, the gapof the overwhelming scale of the city and economy makes their intention of exchangeclear. Even though both have a sense of intimacy given from the close distance andthe history they experienced, you can see the inhomogeneous aspect of the exchangebetween the two.