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Park, Sang-man. “The Aspects of Social Inadaptability in Jude the Obscure.” Studies on English Language and Literature. 34.2(2008): 1-19. This thesis aims to investigate the aspects of social inadaptability in Jude the Obscure. This work really develops into a battle between reality and ideal. The hero Jude is confronted with ruin by the struggle between Arabella for physical sexuality and Sue for spiritual one. Jude the Obscure, one of the best works in the Victorian Age, shows the aspects of his gloomy and deterministic viewpoint. In this work, The hero Jude seeking for social success arrives at the downfall in the end due to his burning desires that he tries to get over social problems. However, Jude’s characteristic weakness, strong sexual impetus, and habitual drinking cause the hero to destroy his life. In this work, Hardy indicates the structural contradiction regarding education, marriage, and religion problems in the Victorian age. Hardy deals with inner problems of human beings oppressed by the convention of the time. Jude attempts to live his life according to his own nature, rejecting social convention. In the work, Jude continues to struggle against his life to the end, and finally the hero Jude is destroyed by the social inadaptability. We can feel venerable as we see Jude fight against Fate to the end in spite of his character defects. Therefore, we can reach the conclusion that Hardy’s literature creates the lofty beauty of men’s spirit. (Wonkwang University)

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the negative influence of possessive relationship on forming personal identity in Tony Morrison’s Beloved. Dividing into two parts, one examines slavery’s impact on black people’s identity, and the other that of possessive love on other’s self, not true love. First, black peoples’ self was broken completely under the slavery, for it regarded black slave as possessions, not as human being. In the mean while, Sethe, the main character of this novel, misunderstands possessive love as “thick,” which is due to the slavery. Accordingly, she considers it better to die than to live as a slave, so she commits infanticide of her own baby, Beloved. With this prejudice, Sethe leads a very lonely life alienated from her community. In conclusion, Possessiveness, whether slavery or love, is a will to control the others, preventing their character from growing. Also those who try to possess others may be ruined by their prejudice and arrogance. (Chungnam National University)

James Joyce’s theory of art is mainly presented in the form of dialogue between Stephen Dedalus and other characters in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The theory is very important because it throws a bright light on the structure and themes of the work. Stephen refers to Aristotle and to St. Thomas Aquinas for the basis of his own theory, though he takes what he wants, shapes it to his own ends. In his aesthetic formulation, Joyce particularly borrows from Aquinas the terms for three aspects of beauty: Integritas, Consonantia, and Claritas. The three forms of art he makes distinction in his work are the lyrical, the epical and the dramatic. The generic distinctions he makes are perhaps an echo of Hegel, though he never mentions him anywhere. Fundamental to an appreciation of Joyce’s theory is to understand the concept of the epiphany and its use. As defined by Stephen and used by Joyce, the epiphany is a privileged moment of perception. It includes the themes of time, truth, morality and art. As a result, Joyce’s literary theory is very important not only to A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man but to all of his works. (Paichai University)

Pang, Chan-hyeok. “A Study of Carnivalistc Laughter in Samuel Beckett’s Plays.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 34.2(2008): 63-80. This paper illuminates the carnivalesque subversion in Samuel Beckett’s plays in terms of Mikhail Bakhtin’s view of the world including grotesque realism and carnivalistic laughter. According to Bakhtin, a carnival is temporary liberation from the prevailing truth and the established order. Bakhtin’s carnival is thus linked to the image of grotesque realism, which is characterized by degradation, incompleteness, and ambivalent levels of death and birth. Rabelais’s world is an example par excellence. In this regard, a carnival reveals the dualistic and ambivalent quality of life based on degradation in grotesque realism. Likewise, Samuel Beckett’s plays reveal the existential despair through duality of life and death, which is theatrically substantiated through those grotesque images as mound of Happy Days and Zeno’s heap of Endgame. Though Beckett suggests that this world is filled with grotesque images of despair and death, he also unveils even unhappiness can be an object of laughter. On the strength of life’s dualistic and ambivalent quality, despair can be paradoxically changed to hope. (Dongguk University)

Bernard Shaw made an expression of important political and social problems happened in Ireland and wrote two long dramas and a one-act play with the subject. Irish nationalism influenced upon the formation of Bernard Shaw’s literary thought. This paper examines how Shaw’s attitude to Irishness is expressed in his works like John Bull’s Other Ireland and The Matter with Ireland. The examination will be based not only on his private backgrounds, but on the historical contexts in general. Shaw’s primary concern was to realize “world betterment”: the gradual development of society and the higher improvement of humanity. So for the goal, Shaw advanced unionism in his works positively. In John Bull’s Other Ireland, the Shavian hero is not one but two: the ruthlessly efficient Irishman, Larry Doyle, representing the lower stage in the hero’s evolution, and visionary Irishman, Keegan, representing the highest state of wisdom and prophecy. Though the title of John Bull’s Other Ireland states that Ireland is its subject, the play represents Shavian ideas transcending geographical and historical limits. The Irishness can be ultimately defined as an embodiment of Shavian ideas. (Seokyeong University)

This study presents an interpretation of Eugene O’Neill’s femme fatale as one of his tragic vision that man’s defeat is inescapable. Femme fatale is an alluring and seductive woman whose charms ensnare her lovers in bonds of irresistible desires, often leading them into compromising, dangerous and deadly situations. She usually drives the male to the point of obsession and exhaustion so that he is incapable of making rational decisions. In O’Neill’s Plays many females are recognized as a femme fatale who had such a common character as enticing a man with her fatal attraction and destructing the victim. In the light of femme fatale like this, O’Neill’s female image is the symbol of the challenge and resistance against the reality of male’s culture. So O’Neill’s femme fatale is tempting to concur with the tragic vision of life that man is doomed to be defeated and life is nothingness, and the inevitability is the only substance of life. (Wonkwang Health Science College)

This paper examines the hero of The American Newman’s development of consciousness. In the beginning Newman appears to be very naive and egoistic. That’s because he gained economic power as a merchant. He thinks that he can buy everything and money gives happiness to him because owning material goods is a better life. James is criticized because he generally takes sides with the Americans in describing their struggle with Europeans. It is worth examining Newman’s defects which are factual obstacles to attain a better life. As we see in this work his attitude toward human experience is affirmative. He regards tragic experiences or sufferings as necessary steps for a man to attain spiritual maturity. And the spirit of renunciation found at the end of The American can be said to be the manifestation of James’s moral idealism. (Jeonju University)

This study investigates the influence of masculine ideology on fathers and sons in the modern American play, Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. The image of masculinity is in an increasingly unstable position between traditional conditioning and modern demands and desires. This study also explores the portrayals of men and the masculine image in cultural, social, and sexual contexts. Arthur Miller challenges critical ideas by disclosing them as unstable, cultural constructions rather than monolithic or biological ones. Although Miller’s play cannot represent all cases in American Drama, it can be used as a model to identify the construct of masculinity and its challenges within American society. (Seoul National University of Technology)

No other poets in the history of English poetry are more religious than Gorge Herbert. He makes the Bible the source of his inspiration and writings. His poems are the means by which he shows his conviction and hope for the Christianity. They reflect the poet’s attitude toward God, the religious issues and tendencies which affected the minds of the people of the times. As a well-known metaphysical poet of the seventeenth century, Herbert found many contradictory contents in the Christian doctrines, concerning the meanings of sin and salvation. His religious lyrics tell us lots of spiritual conflicts that have passed between God and his soul. However Herbert conquers the religious doubts, anxieties and conflicts after realizing God’s providence, cosmos and completeness. Herbert’s religious poems in The Temple eventually reveal how the poet explores the spiritual development of the human soul which moves from the state of despair to the state of hope, from the fallen man’s uselessness to the spiritual restoration through humility, repentance and God’s grace. (Kyonggi University)

This paper aims to explore the development of selfhood and the meaning of war which serves as the strong background prop and functions as a metaphor for the complete isolation in A Gun for Sale, one of Greene’s “entertainments”. This does not question the substantial presence of sensational action, but seeks to establish the significance of such action in relation to character and the philosophic import. In this work the actions are subordinate to a character’s development and indicate the change in the main character that brings him closer to wholeness, and it is shown that the hero reaches selfhood through the establishment of interpersonal connection. Greene’s central character moves towards cohesion and unity of self. The character’s regeneration follows a pattern arising from the stasis to the motion, a participation in life. (Kunsan National Univercity)

Apocalypse is a chief motive in Lawrence’s imaginative thinking and notably in his so-called “Book of the Dead,” Women in Love. Lawrence firmly believed in the positive and creative result of destruction. It was only through destruction that new creativity could come into being, that rebirth and resurrection could occur. Indeed, destruction is a prerequisite for and prelude to creation and renewal. In an attempt to place Lawrence’s achievement in relation to the historical and intellectual context, I will try to show how Blake’s apocalyptic and prophetic vision prefigures Lawrence’s own and how Nietzsche’s ideas of will-to-power are revealed in Women in Love, last great representation of the moral tradition of the English novel. (Cheju National University)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate, analyze and evaluate the present conditions of teaching English through English(TETE) in middle school English classrooms, according to the gender, school areas and grades of the students. For this purpose, questionnaires were administered to 282 middle school teachers and 1127 students. The results showed that the teacher’s low proficiency in English makes the students not pay attention to them and that they use lots of Korean in English classes. Ironically, the results told us that English teachers think most of students are not interested in TETE but that students themselves think lots of them are interested in it. In addition, it was found that the students from large cities than small cities or rural districts are more concerned about TETE, while the lower grade, the female students than the higher grade, the male students. The results suggested that more training on English teachers, enriched systematic English education materials as well as gradual application of TETE according to environmental factors, curriculum and the purpose or levels of English class students should be needed in order to carry out the successful TETE. (Wonkwang University)

This research looks into a component of language in foreign language learning and teaching - pronunciation instruction and acquisition - and presents that computer-based training using sound visualization technique can be effectively implemented to Korean EFL learners to produce and perceive English pitch and durational contrast for words in sentences as well as for words in isolation. Training using sound visualization technique can be effective in improving second language learners’ perceptions and productions of segmental and suprasegmental speech contrasts. This study assessed the efficacy of a pronunciation training that provided visual feedback for EFL learners acquiring pitch and durational contrasts to produce and perceive English phonemic distinctions. The subjects’ ability to produce and to perceive novel English words was tested in two contexts before and after training; words in isolation and words in sentences. The findings support the feasibility of learner-centered programs using sound visualization technique for English language pronunciation instruction. (Kongju University)

In contrast to the normal sentences which are generated by grammatical rules there are utterances which seem to be produced as synthetic wholes and which have rather special properties. These utterances are often called ‘chunks’, ‘formulaic sequences’, ‘prefabricated forms’, etc. These days these expressions are regarded as a crucial part of our communicative competence and actively studied. This thesis surveys their developmental process and main functions. In addition, analyzing data collected from the native speakers’ classroom activities in English conversation classes, I could summarize four main functions and effects of the formulaic expressions in L2 classrooms as follows: naturalness, economy, mitigation, and establishing rapport. (Korea Naval Academy)

It has been claimed that Korean periphrastic causative constructions can express at least the concepts of causing, letting, permitting, and telling (weak jussive), among others. The purpose of this paper is to provide schematic representations of some meanings expressed by Korean periphrastic causative sentences. The significance of this study lies in its employing the concept of force dynamics (Talmy, 1988, 2003) in cognitive semantics in order to give a clear account of the different semantic categories expressed by those sentences. (Chonbuk National University/Boise State University)

Communicative competence has played an important role in changing language teaching methodologies. It is a natural consequence that the change in language teaching has a direct influence in turn on grammar teaching from structure-oriented to context-based approaches. At least, this is true in the recent trend in grammar teaching. With this in mind, the present paper is intended to investigate how grammar teaching has been carried out and what directions, if any, grammar teaching in English Education Department(EED) should be headed for student teachers to achieve communicative purposes effectively. Noticing that linguistics research has a close relation with grammar teaching, it is argued that the concepts of discourse studies should be adopted into grammar instruction courses. The modified concept ‘extended pedagogical grammar’ has been proposed for the new directions of grammar teaching in EED which is expected to cover not only information about grammar but also specific techniques for teaching grammatical issues. (Cheju National University)