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The purpose of this paper is to read Jeanette Winterson’s Written on the Body as metafiction which includes postmodern viewpoints and forms. Metafiction is specially fiction about fiction and a type of fiction which self-consciously and systematically draws attention to its status as an artifact in posing questions about relationship between fiction and reality. In this novel the first-person narrator ‘I’ attempts to write love of Louise who is his/her lover as a metaphorical text. Louise or her body is a kind of another text in the novel. He/she tries to avoid cliches and find unique and new ways in expressing his/her love of Louise. According to these efforts. ‘I’ examines various narrative strategies in order to achieve it such as forms of playwrights, medical journals and reports, introduction of the vague narrator, and open ending, etc... However, he/she couldn’t escape from existing discourses because he/she could only represent self-reflective reality. Nevertheless, its deconstructive fictional forms offer us new recognition of the world. This is the main aim of metafiction which is in accordance with postmodern standpoints as a fictional form.

The aim of this essay is to examine Shakespeare’s political attitude in Coriolanus. Coriolanus, Shakespeare’s only great political play, shows the struggle for political power and the tensions between the plebeians and the patricians. This play is considered to have reflected the political situations of JamesⅠ in England. So we can also see many socio-political problems in Jacobean England. The confrontation between Coriolanus and the mob begins. The love of the common people toward Coriolanus turns to hate. Coriolanus is a good example of an absolutist as a political misfit. Menenius who tries to defend the aristocratic privilege fails to fulfill his responsibility as a political leader. The plebeian’s demands are often countered by members of the patrician class. The tribunes Sicinius and Brutus supply the fox element very adequately. The political divisions in Rome come to pass. To examine Shakespeare’s political attitude toward the plebeians and the patricians, I will investigate the political conflict between the plebeians and the patricians. Today, those who expect to provide a final refutation of Menenius and the tribunes of the people are still waiting.

This paper aims to analyze the influence of Cézanne on Picasso, of Cézanne and Picasso on Stein, and of Cézanne, Stein, and Picasso on Hemingway, in particular in their techniques. Cézanne’s techniques such as basic geometric or cone-cylinder-sphere pattern, sine qua non, and seeing things from various points of view influenced Picasso in his creation of Cubism painting. Cézanne and Picasso influenced Stein in her experimental writings such as the techniques of basic attributes, repetition, image words, simple sentences, plastic art, portraiture, collage writing, equality, or sameness etc. Cézanne and Picasso and Stein influenced Hemingway in the creation of his unique Iceberg Theory. Like an iceberg, seven eights of which is hidden underwater, the writer should omit detailed vocabulary and select only the necessary word. The Iceberg Theory Style appears in Hemingway’s best works.

Unlike other naturalists, Sherwood Anderson was not writing about society, but about people. He was interested in treating the individual as human being. trying to tear through the superficialities of society and see the truth and beauty beneath the grotesqueness of alienated individuals. He hoped this novel would have “the effect of breaking down the separateness of so much life.” Though his grotesques remain doomed to their separateness, they are rediscovered and understood by George Willard. George serves as a sounding board for ideas and desires they cannot articulate. Grotesques try to impart to him such wisdoms as they never fully apply to their own lives. George absorbs their agony and experience into the matrix of his own being, achieving the balanced fusion of their distorted incompleteness, and forming a harmonious creative whole being. He shows the growth from a passive observer to an active participant. This novel is about his emotional and aesthetic development from innocence to experience, from ignorance to understanding.

This paper is to find and analyze animals and plants in the familiar English classic fairy tales and Korean traditional fairy tales. It is also to search for meanings and symbols through English classic fairy tales and Korean traditional fairy tales. There is a frog in Sleeping Beauty. It means man’s organ. Snow White is Grimm’s best work. There is an apple in Snow White. In Cinderella a pumpkin changes into a cart and rats change into horses, hosts, and lizards into servants. There is a date palm in Cat Cinderella. There are pears, hazels and pigeons in Grimm’s Cinderella fairy tales. There is a fish in the Chinese version of Cinderella. There are beans in Russian, Korean and Grimms’ versions. Bean represents the sexual organ and symbol of the middle mediation. A cow helps the hero of Kongji Patji in Korean Fairy Tale. This animal symbolizes the mother or a high existence. A pigeon bird exists in the connects world of nature. It is called the world of culture and the world or woods where humans live.

This article explores the primitive art of Yeats’s plays. The aboriginal element Yeats uses is identified as all that primitive people created through their “imaginative passions.” Primitive art is closely associated with the ancient Greek art in which humanized gods are involved in the rise and fall of human lives. This article discusses how gods’ involvement in the human world is dramatized by Yeats through an analysis of his three plays: On Bail’s Strand(1904), The Hour-Glass(1914), and The Herne’s Egg(1938). In conclusion, this article argues that the major reason why the playwright pursued an primitive art is that he believed it was closer to “everyman’s desire” and took for granted the supernatural reality which he constantly sought to present on the stage.

The Cryptogram is highly autobiographical and is often referred to Mamet’s own Long Day’s Journey into Night. Coupled with the night-time scene, it signals an intimate night journey inherently dangerous and painful. Coupled with Mamet’s traumatic childhood, the meaning of the play has been predominantly negative. The image of the boy holding the knife heading up to the attic where all kinds of betrayals reside has been the focal point of contention. And also the ｢indeterminacy of the play’s resolution has exasperated audiences and critics alike. I think the boy’s gesture foreshadows the life of the playwright, who learned to turn aggression into art. The knife became a pen. What I am arguing in this paper is that, if properly decoded, The Cryptogram ultimately shows, as Mamet so lucidly and consistently addresses in his prose works, the possibility of community and trust. Through the exceptionally precocious and smart protagonist John, Mamet’s alter ego, Mamet suggests what has been lost and what needs to be regained both in individual lives and in society.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify how Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’urbervilles is dramatized in for BBC’s drama or Roman Polanski’s film work in the course of translating the adapted novel into picture media. The relationship between the original work and film work, including BBC’s drama, has evolved and grown over the years, Yet the most common discussions on this issue have centered on the notion of faithfulness of the adapted film and BBC’s drama. Roman Polanski’s Tess and BBC’s drama Tess of the D’urbervilles are faithful to the contents of the original text but Polanski’s Tess transforms the image of Tess. Tess in his film is depicted as an object of visual beauty rather than as an independent woman in the novel. Hardy said that the original tragic source comes from Immanent Will. This type of analysis of this paper performs a basic comparison between a work of novel and its adapted film with the basic goals of evaluating whether these tragic factors show “true fidelity” to the text.

In this paper I tried to point out the Christian paradox of ‘getting through lost’ in The Merchant of Venice and Christian allegory. The main characters took the course of ‘getting through lost’ suggested in the Bible (Matthew 10:39). Bassanio like the Prodigal Son(Luke 15:11-32) lost all his wealth, but got the lost things by marrying Portia through Antonio’s aids. Antonio and Portia got the victory over Shylock’s bitter bond, and Shylock also got some kind of suggested salvation. Jessica and Launcelot are the typical characters to reach the new world by losing the former state. Prodigal son story, Exodus story and Issac and Jacob story are interwoven in The Merchant of Venice. Especially Antonio’s attitude toward Bassanio is very warm and his mercy is highly adored, but his attitude toward Shylock is very cruel and inhuman. So he is to be blamed for his double character. Portia also emphasizes mercy to Shylock in trial scene, but she defeats Shylock by taking the same measure to prevent a drop of blood in the cutting out of a pound of flesh from Antonio. Portia’s attitude toward Antonio and Bassanio is very generous, but she is very strict and cruel toward Shylock. In this sense the Christian mercy is biased to Shylock. Even though Shylock’s revenge should be blamed, the biased attitude of the Christian to the Jew also should be blamed and reconsidered in terms of the true and sincere Christian spirit.

This paper is to survey and analyze the meaning and usage of politeness. For that, I studied and analyzed the meaning and usage of politeness in Korean, English and Jeju Dialect. Generally speaking, many people know the meaning of politeness in Korean and English. Specially Korean people acted with politeness but didn’t know the meaning and usage of politeness. Politeness is an important rule to guide the whole communication, not just local and unessential parts in every life. There are two meanings of politeness: the conceptual meaning and the mental(psychological) meaning. The conceptual meaning of politeness is general meaning and the mental(psychological) meaning is the internal and mental meaning of a person. These two meanings are very important in interpersonal communication. Like this, politeness is a very important factor. However, middle and high school students in Jeju don’t know the meaning of politeness correctly, but university students know the meaning of politeness well. Many Middle and High school students don’t know and act with politeness but University students know and act with politeness. So, in this paper I analyzed the meaning & usage of politeness in their communication. In conclusion, they didn’t know the meaning of politeness and didn’t use the politeness correctly.

The purpose of this study is to compare between English passive and Korean passive to help Korean students understand the proper passive usage of two languages. In addition, English passive has long been recognized as one of the difficult elements and has received great attention from translators and researchers. In this study, the passive voices of two languages are compared in view of the grammar and meaning. In translating passive constructions, the difficulties of finding the exact counterpart expressions of the two languages often arise from the main structural differences including word order, the deletability of the recoverable subject, and the existence and distribution of prepositions and diverse transitive verbs that require objects. Consequently, it is more natural and proper to use active voice than passive voice in Korean language system.

The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between response’s rate, students’ gender, academic achievement, and interest level of using SMS(Short Message Service). In addition, this study would explore opinions of university students about class related SMS communication method through qualitative research method. Results of this study indicated that there were significant positive correlations between academic achievement, interest level of using SMS, and the number of responses to course-related SMS. Results of qualitative research method indicated that using communication method of SMS was an effective way to improve academic achievement. The university students commented positively to and showed interest in this new teaching-learning method.

The purpose of this study includes 1) what is Korean EFL learners’ beliefs about English learning?; 2) what are the overall language learning strategies used by EFL Korean learners?; 3) what are the relationships between the learners’ beliefs and their choices of language learning strategies? To investigate these research questions, three methods were administrated to 92 Korean university students, the background information questionnaire, Horwitz’(1988) Beliefs About Language Learning Inventory(BALLI) and Korean version of Oxford’s(1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning(SILL). Given the statistical analysis on the five categories of the BALLI, Korean university students were reported to have the strong motivation and expectations. With regards to the use of language learning strategies, the overall profile of the language learning strategy was the medium use and compensation strategy was most frequently used.

Korea is a nation of many Christians. At the same time, Korea places a major emphasis on the learning of English as a foreign language. This paper looks to examine the possibility of English Church/Worship services being considered as an avenue for learning English. This paper includes a little history of how English entered Korea and the recent expenses related to the study of English in Korea. This paper also considers the relevant language theory associated with the learning of English within these church services. This paper answers questions about the number and purpose of English church services in Korea. It considers the reasons why both Korean and non-Korean members are in attendance, while asking the questions as to whether English church is a morally acceptable place for learning English and an effective location for improving English language skills. The author bases his results on a survey completed by attendees at English church services throughout Korea.

This paper focuses on syntactic and pragmatic analyses in Subject Extraposition Construction(SEC). It is argued that movement and non-movement analyses have many syntactic shortcomings. It means that the former explains the unaccusative verbs and transitive verbs by using the different movement theory and the latter does not have the unified view of case checking. Overall, to cover various SECs, I suggest that predicate located between subject NP and extraposed PP is considered the important semantic factor under pragmatic analysis as followings: first, appearance or existence, second, the strength of importance and third, anaphoric or deictic meaning. This paper proposes that the semantic property of predicate regarded as head is conclusive to judge the acceptability of SEC.

This paper is an attempt to soften concerns about possible negative impact of the limitations on students’ communicative competence by considering certain aspects of the language-learning process as apply in the Korean situation. An argument is presented if favor of balancing the skills of English language use and language teaching with instructional content that requires, and draws heavily on (1) an extensive general knowledge of global issues, (2) an awareness of the ways in which these issues influence one personally, and (3) an ability and willingness to be an advocate of positive global solutions and change through creative use of timely instructional content, positive personal behavior and a thoughtful approach to interpersonal and intercultural communication. The analysis begins with the consideration of the nature of the encounter between teachers and learners. A review of the role of motivation and method in the Korean context is seen to generate a need for attributes and qualities that are not usually a part of teacher training, but are in the more general categories of culture and personality. These include general networking, strategies for error production and correction, and patience.