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This study traces the developments of Thoreau's thoughts, in a vision of the universe and of man rooted in the transcendentalist current of thought in 19C New England, in order to scan what eclectical elements, especially the eastern and the western thoughts are involved in them. In the formative years of his philosophy, he was deeply influenced by the thoughts of Waldo Emerson's idealism, which was formulated on the basis of Plato's idealism, eclectically with Hindu philosophy, adapting Kantean terminology, the 'priori'. Emerson expounded the epistemology, 'Reason over Understanding ' as the only cognitive power intuitively to find the ultimate truth. He also formulated various concepts, such as 'the nature as the symbols of thoughts', 'over-soul', 'correspondence theories in universe/nature/man', 'ethical law identical with physical law', 'the theory of compensation', 'microcosm as individual', and so on. Generally until about mid-1840s, Thoreau accepted Emerson's idealism; however, he inclined more toword Hindu philosophy, especially yoga practice and its 'true knowledge'. He was deeply influenced by its asceticism and simple living, which formed his doctrine of smplicity. Since the later parts of 1840s, his epistemology gradually turned from the world of reason, the world of ideas, to the world of understanding, the world of the empirical. Ks search for truth became more scientific; and finally found the nature as ultimate reality, with its fundamentality, eternity, purity, and simplicity. On this practical ground he faced all the 19th Century issues, the cultures, the industrial, as well as the human rights. In this later process his methods was closer to Aristotelian as a western philosophy than to Plato; and influenced by Confucianism, especially in his theme of 'Self-Culture'.

Saul Bellow's second novel, The Victim is dealt with the process of self-acknowledgment and humble acceptance of self. The theme of this novel is the casting-off' of his self-imposed burdens by learning to accept himself and others rather. than to judge and blame by learning to have an open heart. Bellow wishes to reveal the true beauty and dignity of the human being. The novel, in at least one way reverses the situation of Dangling Man. Joseph, obseph, obsessed with his philosophical needs, finds his personal experience falling apart. But Leventhal has it torn apart by personal experience. The most threatening of his experiences are those involving Kirby Allbee, a former. acquaintances who suddenly reappears with shrill accusations that Leventhal has ruined his life. Leventhal's experience are the objective correlative through which Bellow explores the central problem of moral responsibility. Allbee is Leventhal's anti-self, everything that Leventhal most fears he could himself become; self-destructive, a failure a drifter, a drunkard, a man who has lost his wife, a lecher, and a madman. But through the growing sense of the reality of other, through his growing awareness of their kinship with him. Leventhal has become, in Schlossberg's terms, "human". Consequently, to become human means to realize a sense of the unity of all persons, the essential alikeness of all persons, each mysteriously containing all. This is where the movement toward perception of the others as real, toward identification with others, toward acceptance of self, and of others, has been leading. It is the vision of victim and victimizer as one.

This thesis aims to analyze the true nature of Lawrence's woman characters of his early novels and to present the misunderstanding and misreading of Lawrence and the woman chatacters of his early novels by feminists who consider Lawrence as a male chauvinist. The feminists who condider Lawrence as a male chauvinist like Millett misunderstand the major woman characters of Lawrence's early novels. As Lettie of The White Peacook, Helena of Trespasser. and Gerutrude Morel and Miriam of Sons and Lovers are spiritual, they belong to the dreaming women. Though Lawrence dislikes these dreaming women, the reason he dislikes these dreaming women is not that he is a male chauvinist, but he believes that they encroach the vitality of human being. As Lawrence think reason and passion must be harmonized and balanced, he fears that the life of human being will be partial toward the side of spirit and anti-vitality by the spirirual women. This literalistic idea of Lawrence is related to the dualism. The dualism of Lawrence cosists of the male principle and the female principle. If a man is vital, he belongs to the female principle. If a woman is spiritual, she belongs to the male principle. When we devide the woman characters of Lawrence's early novels by dualism, Lettie, Helena, Gertrude Morel and Miriam belongs to the male principle, Clara belongs to the female principle. According to Lawrence's dualism, the reason the dreaming women of Lawrence's early novels are denounced by Lawrence is not that they are women, but they are so spiritual that they are apt to be an ti-vitality . So the fact that the feminists who consider Lawrence as a male chauvinist assert that Lawrence intentionally underestimate the woman characters and subordinate them to the man characters as Lawrence is a male chauvinist is very shortsighted.

The Conjunction 'and' not only conjoin words. phrases, or sentences but also convey extra information, such as temporal relation and causal relation. The aim of this thesis is to review the studies of the past and to suggest that the conjuntion is funtioned as a semantic constraint on relevance with a regard to the relevance theroy. Lakoff & Petes(1969) assumes that asymmetric 'and' is reducible to symmetric 'and plus then', but they do not explain the meaning of constraints on the use of 'then' . Moreover, there are counterexamples to this assumption. R. Lakoff(l97l)says that in order to decide when conjunction is possible, we should find out whether two conjuncts share a common topic, whether the verbs are of a related category, or whether they contain two contradictory or tautological statements. However, some of her judgements on the acceptability of sentences do not seem to be correct, and there are apparent counterexamples to these constraints. Grice(l975) suggests that the meaning of 'and' is simply a conversational implicature due to the maxim of Manner 'Be orderly'. but many have felt that the maxims, especially the maxim of Relation, are too vague and that pragmatic theory needs to be made more formal and precise. Sperber and Wilson(1986) adopts the Gricean implicature theory but suggests the principle of relevance in order to explain more general phenomena. Thus, I explain the meaning of conjunction 'and' on the basis of the principle of relevance.

In this theis I tried to Nick Adams' Initiation in E. Hemingway's short stories. Especially, I focused on the spiritual development of Kick Adams who is the most unique character, among Hemingway's heroes. First. I discussed the relationship between Hemingway's novels and his short stories and several distinctive features of his short stories. I also presented two difficult matters in understanding his short stories; one of them is the variety of theme which the short story genre has. Many themes can be found in Hemingway's short stories, but there is no single theme in each short story, so that we may confront many difficulties in realizing what the story tells us. Owing to this variety of themes, readers must have in mind the relationship of the short stories. Moreover. among the forty-nine Hemingway short stories sixteen of them present the same hero, Nick Adams and if we purse the growth of this hero through these stories, we can realise the process of writer's spiritual development. Second, I divided Nick's growth into two stages-boyhood and adolescence. I analyzed two representative Nick Adams stories according to these stages of life. "Indian Camp" is telling of an event which is violent or evil, or both, or, at the least is the description of an incident which brings the boy into contact with something that is perplexing and unpleasant. "The Killers" is more significant story. The scene is laid in a lunchroom where the boy watches and listens to two gangsters who are waiting for an ex-prizefighter, whom they are going to kill. We can see the whole life of Nick Adams who experienced many initiations in the face of hard reality which consisted of violence, evil, and death As a conclusion, I came to the fact that Nick's spiritual development contains the worlds of love and death, and that these worlds are important factors which influenced his development. This fact taught Nick that it is necessary to accept reality, to do his best in limitations and to carry out his roles for the valuable life.

This study is to read Shakespeare's Henry VIII(1613) as a play containing congratulation and instruction written for a marriage ceremony. This attempt is based on the assumption that the play is performed to celebrate the marriage in 1613 of Princess Elizabeth, King James's daughter, to Prince Frederick, the Elector. Palatine, a leader of the protestant union in Germany. The assumption supports a reason why Shakespeare after his retirement to Stratford-upon-Avon in 1611 should have set his hand to another play. The major attractions of Henry VIII are a lot of pageantry, magnificent and spectacular scenes, like as the masque at York Place, Queen Anne's Coronation, and the Christening of baby princess Elizabeth. These scenes celebrate the royal wedding, and moreover main events in any person's life, love, marriage, and his child's birth. The main story of this play is about the divorce between King Henry VIII and Queen Katherine of Aragon Shakespeare provides many-sided viewpoints of the king, the courtiers, and the gentlemen of London. He also provides his own interpretation on the events and the persons with the Old Lady's punning, Katherine's 'Vision', the arrangement of the scenes and the ordering of the events. The playwright sets the meeting of King and Anne right before the rumour of king's separation, and the honouring Anne with Marchioness of Pembroke right before the divorce trial scene. Shakespeare suggests that king's 'conscience's scruple' is his sexual desire for Anne. The audience doubt on why the celebration play deals in divorce story of all occasion, and the critics speak bitterly of the episodic structure, sympathetic descriptions on the corrupt Wolsey, and the function of the Act V after, the death of the heroine. This paper explains that Henry VIII is a moral play which calls for audience's introspection on the fate of change of love, authority, and human relation through the falls of Katherine, Wolsey, Buckingham, Cranmer, and Anne. In Act V. Shakespeare praises Queen Elizabeth as 'a pattern to all princes', a 'maiden phoenix', and the successor of Katherine's knowledge.

D.H. Lawrence is one of the greatest thinkers and at the same time one of the most controversal novelists in the early twentieth centry. Lawrence based all his theories on the complicate concept of duality. A central feature of Lawrence's thought in Dualism. According to him, "Star-equilibrium", the balance. between the egos of man and woman, is the best way to achieve the ideal realionship. The aim of this thesis is to study Lawrence's central ideal of human relationship from the points of Feminism through the analysis of Lady Chatterley's Lover. Lawrence put more value on women struggling with the world to achieve the strong desire of self-realization than women satisfied with the stagnant passive life. I deals with similaries between the thought of Lawrence and Feminism at the conclusion of the paper. Lawrence is close to the modern view of Feminism. Thus his literary idea is related to Feminism. For this reasons, Lawrence seems to me one of Feminist.

본 논문은 한국어의 동사구/명사구 분열문의 구조를 최소주의 이론틀내에서 분석하였다. Chomsky의 이기원리가 이 구조를 설명하는 데에는 부족하며, Lasnik의 진보적 이기원리가 설득력을 지니는 것을 증명하려 하였다. 표면적으로는 동일한 구조를 지니는 것 같지만, 서로 다른 구조를 가지는 것으로 가정함으로써, 오히려 간단하게 설명하였다. '하' 동사는 이 분열문에서는 본동사 / 보조동사로 쓰이는 것을 보였다. 내포문에서 이동하는게 아니라, 표면에 나타나는 자리에서 생성되는 것으로 가정하고, 최후 수단으로 원래의 자리로 하강하는 것을 증명하였다. 이것은 이동하는 구나 표적의 구를 만족시키기 때문에 이동의 원리에 충실하고 있다.

The history of phenomenology begins with Husserl. Husserl insists that "concept of intentionality" is indispensable at the start of phenomenology. In this sense, consciousness-as-intentional is the subject of phenomenology, so that intentionality is not a specific problem that can be isolated, treated, and left behind when Husserl goes on to treat other problems. There are two competing theories of intentionality: the Content Theory(CT) and the Object Theory(OT). According to OT, mental acts are to be individuated by their psychological mode and their object. According to OT, mental acts are to be individuated by their psychological mode and their content. Although in his phenomenology Husserl puts the external world into brackets, still, he does not doubt its existence. He is not, therefore, an ontological idealist, for he does not the existence of the external world. On the other hand, Husserl made a famous announcement that the dream of philosophy as rigorous science is over. Heidegger's break with Husserl provides a changing of the subject of philosophy. He rejects Husserl's phenomenological reduction. According to Richard Rorty, the break that took place between Husserl and Heidegger is a specific illustration of the change by which philosophy is coming to its end. The obvious break in the history of phenomenology occurs, however, in Sartre's and Merleau-Ponty's interprertatations of Husserl. Sartre intrudes a distinction of level between philosophy as abstract and literature as concrete. When we finally reach Derrida, these discontinuities are all discounted. One route Derrida takes in arriving at his own end-of-philosophy perspective is by a deconstruction of Husserl.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the learning styles for adult college students in order to better understand the factors that shape the language learning process. I examined the perceptual learning styles of 119 college students, one at ChongUp Technical College, and the second at a university located in ChonBuk Province. The subjects' English proficiency levels varied as under TOEIC 220 score (55.5%), 220 - 470(39.5%), over 470(5.0%). Research findings are as follows: First, subjects mainly preferred auditory(38.3%) and kinesthetic (36.2%) learning style. It might be influenced by traditional teaching method used by most Korean teachers. Second, on the survey of sociological learning styles, subjects favored group - oriented style. They value group interaction and class work with two or three classmates. Third, Lower level students(under. 220 TOEIC) preferred kinesthetic style than higher level. It is different from Rossi-Le's position(1995) that more language-proficient students preferred learning through interactive methods and direct experiences with the language. However it might be different by cultural backgrounds, subjects, and research focus.

The purpose of this paper is to study the revised Korean-Romanization systems in 1997. It is discussed what is the problem of the current Korean-Romanization system(1984). and What is the problem of the revised Korean-Romanization system(1997). This paper shows you to adopt measures according to the problem of the revised Korean-Romanization system(1997). The following is subdevided into three parts in detail : The chapter one is the preliminary section explaining the motive and purpose on the study. In the chapter two, writer gives the history and situation of Korean-Romanization system and the contents of the current Korean-Romanization system(1984). Writer utters contents, characters and problems of the revised Korean-Romanization system(1997). writer compares and corresponds between the theory and the practice of the revised Korean-Romanization system( 1997). In the chapter three, it is certain that the revised Korean-Romanization system (1997) will be used better than other Korean-Romanization systems. Whether. the revised Korean-Romanization system (1997) succeeds or not depends on the proper authorities and Korean people.

Marlow is considered Conrad's double because he has many characteristics in common with his creator. It is necessary to explain why Conrad needed Marlow in his works. Above all, Conrad could acquire aesthetic distance from his experiences by means of his double. And Conrad created his double in order to explore his experiences objectively and give them coherence and meanings. At the same time, Marlow is a means by which Conrad could conceal vulnerable self-revelation and efface himself from his works. In a word, Marlow enabled Conrad to solve his aesthetic and psychological problems. But Marlow is more than Conrad's double because he is involved in the incidents and grows into a more mature personality in his own right. There can be two ways to approach Marlow. One is to take Marlows in "Youth," "Heart of Darkness," Lord Jim, Chance for different men. The other is to trace the transformation of one Marlow through the four works. Each has its merits and demerits. But the transtextual approach enables us to discover the covert relations among the four works and track down the transformation of one Marlow.

In all the foreign language examinations listening and speaking are important but reading and writing are much more important. For example, in the college entrance examination listening and speaking are 27 percent and reading and writing are 73 percent. In the light of the present situation particularly the aim of this theses is to improve reading comprehension of the preliminary college students because they cannot translate correctly and can't read and understand. In reading comprehension the reader must read the long sentences and a variety of sentences if possible. What is more important, he must learn and be able use it correctly. Therefore the guidance of English reading comprehension must be laid stress on these ways.

With the development of the feature theories new features have been developed since SPE. Accordingly inconsistent explanation has made phonology field confused particularly in Feature Geometry which explains phonological process in terms of hierarchy of distinctive features. In this paper we focuse on the 'coronal' feature which is one of problematic features in expanding phonological feature theories. 'Coronal' can be defined as produced with the blade of the tongue. It has been recognized that coronal place of articulation are dental, alveolar, palato-alveolar, retroflex and palatal. These places of articulation lie from the entire span that can be touched by the tip of the tongue and blade of the tongue, which is called 'coronal ' . After we investigate the role of tongue in articulation, we need to change this 'coronal' place feature into unary articulator based on the recent model of Feature Geometry including Clements, Sagey and Yip. Thus we propose the feature 'apical', 'laminal' and 'dorsal' for tongue articulation to replace the feature 'coronal', taking advantage of phonetic terms for economy and coherence. As the result of this proposal, we can explain the OCP in English plural and past endings with consistency and intuition as well as we make the feature 'anterior' redundant in Feature Geometry.

The purpose of this essay is to examine the theme of Cymbeline through imagery. Shakespeare's late romance plays are made up two cyclic structure;disunion and reunion. The common theme of his romance plays in general is regeneration and reunion, rebirth of characters. For the right comprehension of his romance plays, as F. R. Leavis said, we have to examine the common theme developed from both poetic and dramatic imagery in a cyclic structure of his plays. In Cymbeline, Cymbeline(King of Britain) destructs the marriage of Posthumus and Imogen. This destructive action of Cymbeline is described in the image of wind. And then the increasing destructive force and tragic atmosphere are symbolized with the image of wind and tempest. On the other hand, the reunion is expressed with the image of tree and music.