Earticle

Kim, Gilsoo. “The Quest for love and coexistence in Walker’s The Color Purple.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 33.1(2007): 1-20.Walker exposes a painful history of the black women producing the racial discrimination and the patriarchal ideology. These can destroy their bodies but can not destroy their spirit based on their African blackness. The spirit of resistance described in this novel is the black women’s product being struggled with the patriarchal ideology and the racial discrimination. The black women including Celie regain their lost identity by being free from sexual violence and segregational oppression. Through The Color Purple, Walker shows us a paradigm of the future-oriented new life by questing the communal love and coexistence after overcoming the racial and patriarchal ideology. This is the very message intended by Alice Walker in The Color Purple. (Kyonggi University)

Sohn, Young-mi. “Against the Victorian Grain: Facets of Temporality in Walter Pater.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 33.1(2007): 21-41.Pater tends to define and evaluate characters and events in terms of time, and his work is most interesting if we look at the way he modulates and sometimes disturbs the idea of linear time. As a Victorian, he maintains a strong belief in the idea of flux and evolution, but as a late Romantic, he longs for a time when everything was fixed and rooted in an orderly and timeless fashion. Another extremely important, personal factor that affects his perception of time is his homoerotic desires. These conflicting backgrounds of course lead to a unique attitude toward time that is characterized by paradox and a solipsistic and somewhat nihilistic vision that puts him squarely opposite the mainstream of Victorianism. Such conception of time was also responsible for the historical and cultural relativism and the aestheticism that had such a wide-ranging and damaging repercussions both for him and his disciples in the repressive atmosphere of his time. However, it also made him an important precursor for later greats including James Joyce, Marcel Proust, and Emmanuel Levinas. (Wonkwang University)

Chun, Yon-hee. “History Matters: Digging a Hole in Suzan-Lori Parks’ Venus.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 33.1(2007): 43-64.The winner of Pulitzer Prize for Drama, Suzan-Lori Parks’ Venus, one of the controversial plays in terms of theme and dramatic technique. Parks has tenaciously clung to the project of unearthing a hidden history concerning Blacks. In Venus, Parks calls, resurrects African woman Saartijie Baartman who has been on the public display in London and Paris under the name of ‘The Venus Hottentot’ and rewrites her distorted history. Parks bestows upon Baartman a new version of life and challenges the reader with the proposition that the sense of subaltern subjectivity is recoverable. The aim of Parks’ specific dramatic invention is to help the audience to tell the disparity between white goddess ‘The Venus’ and the Black slave ‘The Venus Hottentot’. Among her multiple dramatic elements, a strategy of alienation that foregrounds the gaze of the colonizer/audience is the most formidable contrivance. This unconventional narration interrupts the romantic relationship and awakens power politics. Parks’ reversal of white male ideology is pursued in the play within the play. Through the strategic historicism, Parks encourages audiences to consider the repression of black female body and multifaceted expression of seduction and victimization. She widens her concern on Black history to the universal level, portraying the human condition transcending spatial and time limits. (SungShin Women’s University)

Heo, Jeong-joo. “Socioeconomic Approach to The Rape of the Lock.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 33.1(2007): 65-80.Pope’s heroine in The Rape of the Lock has deservedly been the object of extensive attention from the critics. From John Dennis in 1714 to the present, no small part of the commentary on the poem has been concerned with the character of Belinda. There is the well-known essay by Cleanth Brooks, who is as sensible of the sexual aspects as Dennis but with a considerable difference. But there is another aspect of Belinda and of the poem which has received little or no attention: Belinda who takes some coloration from her economic milieu. Although Pope has been very sparing in depicting her attire, there is no one who can read what he does say, both of her and the social ambiance, without visualizing her as a fashionably attired young woman whose dress matches her charm in taste and costliness. (Wonkwang University)

There is in Elizabeth Bishop’s poetry a development which progresses from an objectified, Kim, Uirak. “A Three-Part Dialectic of Elizabeth Bishop’s Poetry: Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 33.1(2007): 81-103. There is in Elizabeth Bishop’s poetry a development which progresses from an objectified,basically Aristotelian, mode of presentation to a subjective mode controlled by post-Kantian ideas of self-awareness to a Husserlian phenomenological expression of integrated experience. By using a Hegelian three-part dialectic in which her three major books, North and South, Questions of Travel, and Geography III, are viewed respectively as thetic, antithetic, and synthetic levels of her aesthetic development, Bishop’s poetry may be seen to reflect the ontogenetic growth of the mind of Western man and to be an adumbration of the same whole to part-to-whole to whole-of-parts schema which characterizes Western philosophical thought in general. In her first published book of poems, Bishop begins with a unified world perceived by an impersonal narrator whose questions only concern the external world. Much of her later poems looks back on the first two parts as Bishop, newly aware of herself as a narrator, creates a world in which she is both an individual and a connected part of the world. (Busan University of Foreign Studies)

Kim, Eunryung. “British Abolition Movement and Wordsworth’s Sympathy for the victimized.” Studies on English and Literature. 33.1(2007): 105-128.This paper aims at examining how the British Abolition Movement contributed to the making of a part of Wordsworth’s poetry. Wordsworth was fundamentally against the slavery system, the trade of slaves, and colonial wars because they denied in principle the human nature of the enslaved black people rejecting the idea of equal human beings. Wordsworth tended to show abolitionist consciousness through his sympathy for the suffering people victimized by wars and poverty who were represented as the symbols of human dignity and liberty in his poetry. Wordsworth’s deep sympathy for the wretched people in Britain was his own way of fighting against inhumanity of the slave system because the uprooted people such as female vagrants and discharged soldiers were in fact other casualties produced by the slave system and the colonial policy of British government. (Ewha Womans University)

Go, Min-gon. “The Biographical Influences of the Writer Himself on Hemingway’s Works.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 33.1(2007): 129-142. Ernest Hemingway could collect various sources to write his works from the travels and much experience. To admire his works right, there are many important things which are worthy of attention in both his travels and experience. When he was a reporter at Kansas City Star, he was trained for not using superfluous words. In Paris years, he could learn how to write a story like a painting through the Paul Cezanne’s painting technique and it had a strong influence on his works. Hemingway learned “the modern space conception” from Cezanne’s paintings, which are charactered by solidness, nduringness, grotesqueness, simplicity, enclosure, expansion and omission. After he was influenced by the painting technique, Hemingway could form his own Iceberg Theory. The definition of the Iceberg Theory is as follow: one eight of the iceberg is above water and seven eighths of it is under water. Like this iceberg principle, a writer should omit and eliminate unnecessary parts and details of a story. After “Up in Michigan” in which the use of photographic realism is obvious, Hemingway uses different techniques in his works. This change of technique in Hemingway’s could be formed from the travels and influences he accepted from the people and works he encountered. (Woosuk University)

Lee, Jae-seong. “Reading Tess of the D’urbevilles in the light of Postmodern Ethics and Laozi and Chuangzi’s Taoism.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 33.1(2007): 143-159. This paper explores how Thomas Hardy’s novel, Tess of the D’urbevilles, leads the reader to the ethical dimension where the totality of the reader’s ontological subjectivity is sundered and subjected to the other, the wholly exterior realm of itself. It uses both Western postmodern ethics and Eastern Daoism: the ethical speculation of Emmanuel Levinas, Derrida, Deluze and Lacan is united with Laozi and Zhuangzi’s thought. Tess is situated between Angel, too much a moralistic man, and Alec who tries to abuse Tess just to gratify his own egoistic desire, and her identity takes a dualistic form between the two men. It is demonstrated in this essay that, owing to this identity, Tess is a supreme literary figure that embodies the fundamental ethics of self-deconstruction and leads the reader’s mind to its outside. (Pusan National University)

Park, Geryong. “N. West’s A Cool Million: The Dismantling of American dream through parodying H. Alger’s novel.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 33.1 (2007): 161-178. The American Dream is the political, social and economic idea, which implies that if one works hard and honest and obeys the rules in the USA one will be rewarded with financial wealth and success. But the American Dream is also a myth that simplifies the complexities of reality and mphasizes only the optimistic vision. Horatio Alger’s Risen from the Rank is one of the proto-typical “rags to riches” stories. On the other hand, Nathanael West’s A Cool Million is savage parody of Horatio Alger’s success story. It is the chronicle of Lemuel Pitkin’s successive downfall and isfortunes. It dismantles the American Dream and warns the upsurge of native Fascism. His novel’s world, set in the 1930s, is filled with simulacra. Lemuel’s death is celebrated as a revolutionary hero’s martyr; ironically, he himself doesn’t know the cause of the Revolution. Lemuel the clown is thoroughly tricked into death by the American fascism led by Whipple the dictator. (SangMyung University)

Choi, Joonseok. “Mark Twain and White Literature.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 33.1(2007): 179-199. From the beginning black slavery tainted America so that it became an all-subsuming fatal issue throughout. It can be a critical gauge to clarify American literature for the reason that it has constituted the core of reality of life. The most representative works of the first literary Renaissance show exclusion or evasion of the material, which makes their literature partial and limited. Such literature can not but be called white literature. Huckleberry Finn reveals the hard reality of slavery as it is. It can serve as a text of black literature. It may be safely said that Mark Twain stands on its tradition from David Wallker and Mrs. Stowe through Charles Chesnutt and William Du Bois to black writers in 20th Century. Such writers as Twain and Faulkner transcend the division of white and black literature and become integrative. Integrative lit erature can really be called proper literature of America. (Chonbuk National University)

Hemingway’s hero Robert Jordan was deeply related with Heroism. He is another hero, it seems. Lee, Kilku. “A Study on Robert Jordan, Hero in For Whom the Bell Tolls.” Studies on English Language and Literature. 33.1(2007): 201-213.In this work, his knowledge of the world has been deepened and widened. In For Whom the Bell Tolls, Robert Jordan has consolidated the knowledge of war, love, and death. He has tried the various knowledge of love, camaraderie, drinking, courage and evil. He realizes that his past was in the death-in-life and achieves the courage of true manhood. He tries to enter the life-in-death such as the hard situation of war. He has almost completed Hemingway’s heroism after having been purged of all human pride. He has arrived at the stoicism. He has attained the philosophy of undefeated individualism. Robert Jordan, an another of heros, seems to be Hemingway’s egoism. His value system of life is, it seems, Ernest Hemingway’s. (Jeonju University)

William Faulkner in Go Down, Moses presents Issac McCaslin’s experience of wilderness and Kim, In-young. “Nature, History, and Ike’s Escape in Go Down, Moses.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 33.1(2007): 215-235. William Faulkner in Go Down, Moses presents Issac McCaslin’s experience of wilderness andhis sense of freedom in nature. This experience, however, gives him a delusive perception of freedom in society that he can be free from his southern heritance: the immoral slavery system. What is left for Ike to face is a dilemma which he can neither embrace nor reject without losing his authentic self. In this dilemma, Ike decides to reject his title to the birthright of inherited land because he believes that nobody should possess the land. In this paper, thus, I will examine what is called a trilogy of Go Down, Moses, “Old People,” “The Bear,” and “Delta Autumn” and explore how Ike’s vision of freedom is self-delusive and how his interpretation of Southern history is distorted with his desire to keep himself morally pure. Besides, I will try to manifest how Ike’s rejection of his inheritance is nothing but an attempt to escape from the burden of corrupted southern society. What Faulkner endeavors to show through Ike’s self-delusive life in this novel is an ironic twist of an individual’s life with a strong belief in God, as one can see in “Delta Autumn” which delineates that Ike’s life-long effort to get rid of moral corruption in his family turns out to be a total failure. This provides the reader with a chance to see that an individual can have a sense of truth that is fictitious and self-delusive; in the same way, a strong sense of identity on its own is more likely to be on a false presumption unless it is built in relation to other people’s life. (Pai Chai University)

Park, Yun-ki. “Willa Cather’s Homosexual Dilemma in her My Ántonia.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 33.1(2007): 237-254.This paper is to examine the homosexual dilemma in Willa Cather’s My Ántonia. Willa Cather, as Sharon O’Brien suggested in her Willa Cather, was a lesbian author. As she lived in 19th century, she had to face the conflict between the traditional idea of what it was to be a woman and what it was to achieve. So Cather adopted the male persona, in My Ántonia, her most outstanding and mature work, as a way out of facing great anxiety. Her greatest love was Isabel McClung, whom she met in Pittsburgh in 1898. McClung’s sudden announcement, however, to marry the violinist Jan Hambourg made her first stunned and then depressed. During the troubled period when she felt abandoned by McClung, Cather was writing My Ántonia. Clearly, throughout the work, her deepest affections given to women are evidently hidden. As a woman and writer, Willa Cather was suffered from her homosexual dilemma. But she had to conceal her lesbianism in her social climate. I insist, therefore, that Cather should encode her lesbianism under the guise of male persona, Jim Burden, in My Ántonia. (Paichai University)

Pak, Hubert H., Im, Byung-Bin & Min, Su-Jung. “Practical Speech Corrections Using Sound Visualization Technique: A Theoretical Perspective.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 33.1(2007): 255-278. In teaching English as a second or foreign language (EFL/ESL), there is a widely debated subject; the usefulness of teaching pronunciation. Some researches have relentlessly suggested that teachers can make little or no difference at all in speech correction and improving their students’ pronunciation. In contrast, there are numerous other researches showing that the speech correction and pronunciation teaching can make a noticeable difference if certain criteria, such as the teaching of suprasegmentals and the linking of pronunciation with listening practice, are fulfilled, which in turn may have immense effect on communicative competence and proficiency. To illustrate the latter claim, this paper proposes that, with English assuming the position of the world’s major lingua franca, the efficiency of pronunciation (clear, articulate and accurate) is an essential sub-process of productive language skills, and is crucial in fluent speaking. First, key issues on foreign language pronunciation teaching and learning are analyzed in order to derive some general guidelines for effective training. Second, this study examines the feasibility of an experimental computerized training, to reach a certain degree of accuracy for fluent pronunciation. (Kongju National University)

Kwak, Jongtae. “Adaptation Methods of English Play for Primary and Secondary School Teachers.” Studies on English Language and Literature. 33.1(2007): 279-303. Adapting English Drama for use in primary and secondary education and an adaptation class tofacilitate the use of drama are both effective methods that provide multi-faceted benefit for the study of English. However, neither is easily implemented in the Korean classroom. Adaptation is the dramatization of fairy tales, stories, or literary works, which with the help of a counselor, when performed as a play, function as a English language learning strategy. In this paper I will group specific application methods of adaptation for primary and secondary schools. First, I will identify the various functions of dramatization activity and distinguish their relevance to English education while offering solutions for inherent obstacles that impede successful application of adaptation activities in the classroom. In the first phase, I examine the reading of plays and the selection of work. In the adaptation phase, I examine the writing of a synopsis, the writing of a play and the rewriting of the play. Finally, I suggest various ways to revise and improve the script and continually enhance the language benefit. These ways can be found by carefully observing the rehearsals. (Andong National University)

Sohn, Joong-Sun & Kim, Jung-Sam. “Creativity and Elementary English Education: A Possibility of Creativity Education Based on the Short-Term Memory Mechanism.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 33.1(2007): 305-328.There has been an assumption that creativity education is possible in every subject teaching in elementary school. Elevation of children’s creativity in elementary English education, however, has faced difficulties in reality because most children, who are beginners, do not have basic skills to ‘play with’ English yet. Without basic language skills, there is no room for creativity. This paper suggests that understanding of short-term memory could be one way to resolve the conflict between language skill and creativity in Korea. Short-term memory is a crucial part of language process. Its effective operation is only possible when it works with phrases or thought groups because of its limited capacity. The phrase-level teaching can accelerate the operation of short-term memory and eventually shorten the distance to creativity education in EFL countries. (Daegu National University of Education․Daegu Yeongseon Elementary School)