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Kang, Kwansoo. “The Politics of Melodrama in The Little Foxes.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 40.2 (2014): 1-28. American South becomes industrialized and drastically changed in the 1900s, and The Little Foxes portrays this change in a melodramatic way. In The Little Foxes, there is a melodramatic polarization of good and evil, which shows the fierce conflicts and the power games between the predatory capitalists and the liberal humanists. The predatory capitalists are portrayed as the melodramatic villains in this work. The Little Foxes focuses on these capitalists' rise to power and their insatiable greeds. “Little foxes” is a metaphor for the predatory capitalists who destroy the harmonious community to satisfy their greed. In order to protect the harmonious community from these predators, the liberal humanists fight against them. Hellman shows a power game between these two groups in a melodramatic way, but she actively use melodramatic methods to show the social realities in the 1900s. Her melodrama cannot be divorced from a realistic representation of the world. The divided groups are the political and social forces in the real world. (Shingyeong University)

Kang, Jun-soo. “Subversive Writing in Orlando.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 40.2 (2014): 29-44. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and understand Virginia Woolf’s subversive writing in Orlando through the characteristics of nomadism. Gilles Deleuze’s nomadism means mobility and continuity within space, which makes resident keep moving. Also, Deleuze’s rhizomic system is non-hierarchical space which continues to move and change rather than people settle down or stay. Woolf offers an idea of androgyny as a way for criticising the ideology of patriarchal society. Woolf tries to revolutionize the form of biography in Orlando. Orlando transcends gender stereotypes in order to harmonize consistently the two sexes within her own mind into a more whole and complete self. With satiric and fantastic devices for a new biographical convention and several points of view, she overturns the traditional form of biography and biographical novels. Orlando experiences the living as both a man and a woman. Woolf tries to subvert the hierarchical structure through Orlando’s change of her/his clothes. The subversive writing Woolf embodies in Orlando is becoming-woman, becoming-minoritarian, and becoming-everybody. Woolf deconstructs the social and male-centered ideology by crossing the boundary of gender/sexuality through the device of ‘becoming.’ (Anyang University)

Kim, Ji-Eun. “Manly Education and Its Anxiety in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 40.2 (2014): 45-64. In The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848), Anne Brontë critiques the culture of manly education in the middle and upper classes through Gilbert Markham and Arthur Huntingdon. Whereas Gilbert Markham, a middle class farmer, has uncontrollable bursts of temper, violent upper-class Arthur Huntingdon drinks, womanizes and curses. Ironically Markham and Huntingdon are both fathers to young Arthur; Markham replacing Huntingdon as he dies. Brontë attributes both of these men’s faults as the result of indulgent permissiveness from their mothers. Brontë was writing when this notion of the child’s education was greatly heightened in society. This paper examines how Brontë has Helen administer pedagogy to her son that mirrors John Locke’s essay, Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693). Locke insists that parents apply the empiricist epistemology and emphasizes that “[v]irtue is harder to be got than knowledge of the world; and if lost in a young man, is seldom recovered.” Helen sets out to recover this virtue that was lost in her husband’s generation. She rectifies young Arthur’s nature by spiking alcohol drinks, and planting Christian virtues. For this reason, Arthur grows up to be a gentleman that does not replicate his deceased father. (Yonsei University)

Lo, Kyung Eun. “Urban Vision and Gender in Engels’ The Condition of the Working Class in England and Gaskell’s North and South.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 40.2 (2014): 65-82. Both Friedrich Engels’ The Condition of the Working Class in England and Elizabeth Gaskell’s North and South wrote specifically about Manchester in the 1840s in their treatment of industrial capitalism. Despite their common roles as observers and investigators of social problems in Manchester, critics have not yet fully examined the issue of urban spectatorship in relation to gender in both texts. By comparing how both Engels and Gaskell observed and expressed their experiences of Manchester in the 1840s, this paper seeks to explore how his or her urban vision is deeply influenced and complicated by his or her status in the conventional cultural binary of male as spectator and female as spectacle. This paper demonstrates that Engels’ urban spectatorship ends up reproducing its particular unequal power relationship between the observer and the observed so that the working-class remains as the Other in the eye of the onlooker. Gaskell’s urban vision, on the other hand, is inevitably shaped by a sense of anxiety and contradictions inherent in being the Other in the mid-Victorian era, yet it simultaneously illustrates how successfully a female writer is able to negotiate these contradictions in a complex manner to offer a powerful critique of social inequities. (Konkuk University)

Song, Si-chun. “The Meaning of Loyalty in Muriel Spark’s The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 40.2 (2014): 83-101. Muriel Spark (1918-2006) was a Scottish novelist. She was listed as one of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945 by The Times in 2008. This paper examines Spark’s The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1961). Jean Brodie was a charismatic and autocratic teacher of six students called the ‘Brodie set.’ Unlike previous critics who had paid attention to Spark’s experimental writing techniques such as multiple narrators, narrative structure, and the elements of metafiction or satire, the paper analyzes the meaning of loyalty by focusing on Sandy Stranger. Ms. Brodie trusted Sandy more than any of her students in the group. However, Sandy was the one who contributed to causing Ms. Brodie’s forced retirement. First, this paper examines Mary’s role in the group and then addresses Brodies’ influence on Joyce, an outsider of the group. Second, it deals with the meaning of loyalty and betrayal based on Sandy’s arguments. Last, it discusses the meaning of Sandy’s conversion to Roman Catholicism and that of her living as a nun. Through the distorted relationships between Ms. Brodie and her students, Spark warns readers about the dangers of following a leader who lacks a sense of sin and guilt in manipulating others’ behaviors to pursue his or her own self-interest. (Texas A&M University)

Shin, Woong-Jae. “Chivalric Ideals Reflected in the Lower-Class Character of Great Expectations.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 40.2 (2014): 103-116 Although the idea of chivalry was devised for an upper-class elite and the leadership of society was granted exclusively to the aristocracy, Dickens suggested the potentiality of the lower-class people to lead society by endowing his lower-class characters with chivalric qualities. This paper points out the representative types of chivalric ideals revived in the Victorian Age--courage, disinterested generosity, loyalty, Christianity, physical manliness, and the protection of the weak and the feminine. Then, focussing on the blacksmith Joe Gargery in Great Expectations, it examines how Dickens presents his lower-class character as an ideal human being or a Victorian chivalrous man. Finally, the paper discusses why Dickens had a hope for building a better society not in the governing upper class, but in the working and poor lower class. (Kwangwoon University)

Lee, Bok-ki. “The Problem of Hospitality in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 40.2 (2014): 117-136. Mark Twain's novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, has been stood in a spotlight because of its usage of politically incorrect terms and the objectification of slave character Jim in recent years. Besides the debate on the usage of the racist term, the long debates have been going on about the ending of the novel. The critics defending and offending the ending have ignored the important theme of hospitality and ethics in their interpretation, which obviously is expressed all through the novel. The acts of hospitality depicted in the novel can be categorized into two types: conditional hospitality and hospitality intending to absoluteness. The acts of hospitality performed by Widow Douglas, Miss Watson, and other Southerners share a strong intention to capture and thematize the other, so are conditional hospitality. On the other hand, in their acts of hospitality Mary Jane and Huck welcome the others as they are and become friends of the others, so are categorized as hospitality intending to absoluteness. Huck, though, passes through some inner struggles in his decision of welcoming a run-away slave, Jim, and fails in the ending scene by objectifying Jim. This shows that his hospitality is not absolute one but one which orienting to absoluteness. The ending scene also ironically manifests that the freedom Jim is allowed to is a simulacre which reveals that the emancipated former slaves are still living in a large prison called white supreme society. (Chonbuk National University)

Ma, Jee Hyun & Cho, Young Ah. “The Analysis of Demotivators and Remotivators for Korean L2 English Learners.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 40.2 (2014): 137-161. This study examined the demotivating and remotivating factors in L2 college students’ English learning process both quantitatively and qualitatively. For the current study, a questionnaire which consisted of four sections was administered: questions on background information, questions on demotivation, questions on remotivation, and a stimulated recall essay. The results revealed that teaching method among the external factors was the most primary source in L2 demotivation. As for the internal factors, decreased self-confidence made learners demotivated in learning English. In terms of the remotivating factors, the value of English among the internal factors and raised English test scores among the external factors had been found to play key roles in helping stimulate L2 learners’ remotivation. Additionally, based on the results obtained the recall essays, while demotivation period varied depending on individuals, they intentionally or unintentionally became self-determined to engage in studying English when L2 instruction with adequate teaching methods was provided. Pedagogical implications and suggestions were made based on the findings. (Chonnam National University ․ Dongshin University)

Shin, Dongil & Sohn, Jeonghee. “Exploring the Meaningfulness of Storytelling Research Based on English Language and Literature Resources.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 40.2 (2014): 163-187. The purpose of this study is to explore the meaningfulness of storytelling research based on English Language and Literature resources. It discusses the way such academic disciplines as English literature and linguistics need to be expanded or integrated in the areas of storytelling research. In the context of the ‘risk society’ and globally digitalized media, this paper discusses specific areas of research (such as digital storytelling, contents development, language identity, cultural studies, discourse analysis) related to the proposed program of English Language and Literature. The area of storytelling healing is elaborated to provide a touchstone case of how storytelling research can be embedded in English Language and Literature programs. Implication for further studies (e.g., actual curriculum implementation, professional development plans) is also discussed. (Chungang University)

Ahn, Jeong-Khn & Choi, Eun-Jeong. “Scope and Sequencing of Contrastive Discourse Markers in Discourse.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 40.2 (2014): 189-214. This study examines Korean's contrastive discourse markers (CDM) with respect to their scope, and sequencing in discourse, related with those in English based on the previous studies of Ahn (2009a) and Fraser (1998, 2009, 2010). The findings of this study indicate that exclamatives and adverbs in Korean are freer to be used with other CDMs, compared with conjunctions which show restriction in sequencing. CDMs in Korean also display differences in position and scope in discourse, compared with those in English, reflecting their functional differences in discourse. This study also indicates that contrastives and concessives in Korean have a larger scope than conversives in discourse, which means that Koreans are willing to consider others’ opinion in discourse and prefer indirect expressions even in informal and casual discourse situations. (Chonbuk National University)

Lee, Eunjung & Kim, Changsoo. “Educational Effects of Intensive English TOEIC Program for University Students.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 40.2 (2014): 215-230. This study aims at analyzing the educational effects of intensive English TOEIC program for university students. This program was designed in 2012 to help university students achieve high scores of TOEIC. The purpose of this intensive program composed of 5 weeks is to increase TOEIC scores that are important for getting a better job. Every student who participated in this intensive TOEIC program stayed in a dormitory and their TOEIC scores were measured through Pre-test and Post-test. This intensive program started during the summer or the winter vacations each and from 1st program to 4th program, the TOEIC scores of all participants were greatly increased. The result of this study indicated that intensive English program was an effective way to improve the TOEIC scores of university students for a short time and strategies of English learning. (Konyang University)

Jeong, Haeja. “[[X+Y]+-i/-ki] Structure for Verbal Compounds: Evidence for a Syntactic Treatment.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 40.2 (2014): 231-254. This paper discusses the structure of the verbal compounds in Korean compared to that in English and suggests a compounding of [X+Y] which is followed by suffixation of [-i/-ki] is more appropriate in terms of semantic drifts, status of conditional derived lexical items such as ‘jabi, chigi, ttugi, etc’. Unlike Kim (2009), it is proposed that a semantic drift is not a major factor to lead us to posit [X+[Y+-i/-ki]] for the verbal compounds because the semantic drift should be considered at the context-oriented pragmatic level. Instead, [[X+Y]+-i/-ki] structure is proposed as more suitable for the Korean verbal compounds when VP node under N can be assumed and noun-incorporation is available, which is quite similar in the English compounds in the framework of Hout and Roeper (1998). X cliticizes onto the verb, yielding a complex verbal head [X+Y] and moving up to the right of the nominal head position where ‘-i/-ki’ is base-generated. To support this structure, -/t/ insertion and nominalization in Korean are also examined. It is discussed the root compounding should be assumed for some verbal compounds in which subject argument interpretation is required. (Chonbuk National University)