Earticle

Kim, Ki-ae. “Tiny Alice in Worlds within Worlds.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 35.4(2009): 01-16. Tiny Alice is an intriguing play and Albee explains it in various terms including a metaphysical dream play, a morality play, and a mystery play and a double mystery. Using these terms, Albee focuses on the explanation of Julian’s confusion, a lay brother, who has difficulties distinguishing his knowledge of God from what people create as God, as well as reality from illusion. Julian goes through bizarre experiences comparable to those of Alice in Alice in Wonderland, only with religious connotations. He marries Miss Alice, who informs him that she is only a surrogate of Alice, who exists in a doll’s-house model on the stage. As the content of the play is mysterious and mind-boggling, Albee attempts to experiment with the form using props, which have multiple symbolic meaning such as a doll’s-house model, a phrenological head, and cardinals in a birdcage. Besides, Albee applies the double meaning to the dramatic structure, the role-playing of characters, and parody. These dramatic techniques reinforce the theme of reality and illusion, which Albee believes to reflect the relationship between the world and another small world called theatre. (Kyungnam University)

Kim, Hye-jin. “The Absence of Masculinity in David Henry Hwang’s M. Butterfly.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 35.4(2009): 17-38. In this paper, I tried to point out the absence of masculinity in M. Butterfly through two main characters Gallimard and Song. Gallimard is obsessed with a vision that he gets submissive Cho-Cho-San like Pinkerton someday, so after he meets Song who swears unconditional obedience, he experiences the change of his masculinity based on fictional eastern female identity created by eastern male Song. Gallimard’s persona, which is the masks to play a variety of roles having culturally determined behavioral expectations, is heterosexual and extroverted masculinity but his anima, a feminine inner personality in the unconscious of the male, is introverted feminine. As the western female has an extroverted personality, Gallimard doesn’t establish his male identity in western culture. Gallimard establishes his male identity by creating perfect woman, Song, who manipulates Gallimard’s anima projections and becomes the controller of the relationship. In contrast, Song performs his gender by disguising himself as woman to establish Gallimard’s masculinity and do espionage. Song’s persona is introverted feminine but his animus, a masculine inner personality in the unconscious of the female, is western masculinity. After Song discloses his physical identity, Gallimard refuses the new relationship with Song because if he accepts Song’s offer, he considers himself as homosexual. Not revealing his homosexuality in homophobic society, Gallimard chooses death turning into an eastern woman, Madame Butterfly. Like Gallimard, Song can’t establish his perfect masculinity as an Oriental. Consequently there is neither western nor eastern man on this stage. (Dong-A University)

Park, Joo-eun. “A Study of Marsha Norman’s ’night Mother: The Pursuit of Heroine’s Self-Identity through Mother-Daughter Relationship.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 35.4(2009): 39-57. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze how the pursuit of heroine’s self-identity is depicted in Marsha Norman’s ’night, Mother. ’night, Mother is a tense dramatization of the relationship between a mother and her daughter, who is moving towards suicide. Jessie comes to find her identity in three stages. First, Jessie has no her identity. Second, Jessie comes to recognize her identity. Finally, Jessie gets her identity. During Jessie experiences these stages, absent men play a negative role. Jessie has suffered a series of personal losses and inherited epilepsy from her dead father, which gives her an imaginary world. Her epilepsy has had a debilitating effect on her life and has rendered her freakish. Above all, Jessie feels an impulse of suicide because of her father’s suicide without saying any good bye. Cecil, Ricky, and Dawson gave her disappointment, unhappiness. Even King, her dog, which ran under a tractor and was killed gives her sense of loss. At the close of the drama is Jessie overcome by hopelessness, and her search leads her to the only choice remaining: suicide. It means that she gets feminine identity and female autonomy. (Shingu University)

Lee, Suk-hee. “Postmodernism and Female Subjectivity.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 35.4(2009): 59-78. Subjectivity is one of the most important recent developments in the new humanities. Traditionally the human individual was thought of as whole, single, and fixed, but recent theories present it as split, multiple, and implicated in the complex processes of culture and politics. This study outlines the main recent theories of subjectivity, from structuralism onwards, especially in the perspective of gender. Structualists presents subjectivity as a construct of the relationship between power and knowledge rather than a naturally occurring entity. According to them subjectivity is the result of the symbolic order of a society which exists prior to the subject’s entry. Poststructuralism goes beyond the explanation of subjectivity as a product of signification. Heavily affected by Deconstruction, poststructualists emphasize the impossibility of any power claiming its fixed location in signification. This is why poststructual subjectivity is proposed as ambivalent and hybrid, which needs to be seriously considered when a gender subject is imagined in this new age. (Silla University)

Kim, Tag-jung. “An American Myth Emerged from Death Comes for the Archbishop.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 35.4(2009): 79-92. Willa Cather’s Death Comes for the Archbishop traces the process of finding a new culture emerged by mingling the European and the Native American cultures. Cather shows it in Father Latour’s life in New Mexico. By continuing contacts with the native Indians and his attachment to gardening, Father Latour achieves a comprehension of the new place, a complete understanding that leads in the end to produce a new culture that is not simply European nor American Indian. However, Cather shows that America has lost or forgotten the new culture that was once made and felt by Father Latour. This paper aims to reveal how Father Latour achieves the understanding of the place and how an American myth emerges from it. (Chungnam University)

Lee, Jae-seong. “A Postmodern Ethical Perspective on the Sublime Totality.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 35.4(2009): 93-108. This paper first explores the relation of aesthetics to ethics from Jean-Luc Nancy’s perspective of “the sublime totality.” In illuminating “the sublime totality,” I argue in the early part that Kant must be considered as the pivotal figure for the debate on postmodern theory of aesthetics and ethics. Taking Kant’s discussion of the sublime in The Critique of Judgment as the basis of the argument, I first explore the binary opposition, or the principle of contrast between two mutually exclusive sides -- imagination and reason, pleasure and pain, and the finite ontological comprehension and the infinite. In so doing, I probe deeply into the sublime sentiment that arises in the middle dimension. Then I argue from a Levinasian ethical viewpoint that the sublime totality that takes place beyond the maximum of ontological emotions of the reader of a literary text is the ethical way in which the reader opens her self to the other, the wholly outside of her understanding of the text and of her comprehension as a whole. I not only discuss Levinasian ethics but examine the ideas of such ethical postmodernists as Lyotard and Deleuze. This is primarily a philosophical paper, and toward the end, I discuss Edgar Allen Poe’s “The Raven” as an example of a short literary text to validate my philosophical argument. (Pusan University)

Lee, Da-hyun. “Screen Language on Textual Equivalent: Equivalent of the Marked Structure Language Semiotics(LS).” Studies on English Language & Literature. 35.4(2009): 109-123. Screen language is an information dissemination media for screen semiotics(SS) that is formed according to the supplementation and the clarification of the signal phenomenon and pictures. Screen translation based on the understanding of the salient ‘aspect’, as the first contact in the source language to offer a combination of mark-induced media has become an important practice. Screen translation is the process of fixing and supplementing signs into a target screen text by the phenomena of the semiotics. As for how to translate the screen language, seeing from the methodology, the first contact(translator) and the other contacts(spectator) to receive the image of language there is disparity between the starting points on the significance of the interpretation of the critical language semiotics of the screen language. Therefore, the investigation into the view of the original text is necessary. (Baek Seok Arts University)

Lee, Byeong-cheon·Ko, Jung-min. “Assessment Tool Development for TEE Classrooms: Overseas Cases.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 35.4(2009): 125-155. This study reviews literature on classroom observation evaluation frameworks to teach English in a target language, which have been developed overseas, and furthermore suggests how to develop a valid TEE　observation form in the Korean context. Following frameworks to evaluate general classes abroad, the researchers investigated classroom evaluation frameworks based on the classes given L1 and L2, and then frameworks to evaluate classes taught only in the target language. Based on the literature review, this study came up with 61 elements to evaluate TEE classes, which were divided into four categories: lesson planning, execution/methods, class management on the teachers’ side; and learner language on the learners’ side. The checklists to evaluate TEE classes we developed need to be adapted to a given context according to purposes of evaluation, teachers’ as well as learners’ proficiencies and then to figure out whether the revised evaluation form is valid. (KICE·Sungshin Women’s University)

Jeon, Young-joo. “Effective ways of Teaching English Writing to prepare for the Secondary School English Teachers’ Employment Examination.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 35.4(2009): 157-183. The purpose of this paper is to know what the requirements are in preparing for the newly reformed English writing test for the Secondary School English Teachers’ Employment Examination and to present effective ways for the test using peer-feedback in a process-oriented writing procedure. This survey was conducted on secondary school English teachers who have passed the 2009 National Teacher’s Examination. The questionnaire consists of questions covering areas such as the awareness toward the new format of the test and the curriculum that college students who are preparing for the examination want. The data, which was measured with frequency analysis, using the statistical software shows that the teachers are in agreement about the necessity of an English writing test and that a more systematic method of improving their writing skills is required in the curriculum. (Kongju University)

Jo, Mi-won. “A Study on Learning Motivation and Speaking Anxiety among Asian Students in America.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 35.4(2009): 185-213. 27.4. This study investigated the learning motivation and the speaking anxiety among Chinese, Japanese, and Korean students in America. A total of 67 students participated in the study. Language Speaking Anxiety Scale (adapted from Young, 1990) and Foreign Language Learning Motivation Scale were utilized to collect the data. The SPSS version 15.0 was administered to compute the collected data. The major findings of the study are as follows: First, the foreign language motivation among Asian students was slightly higher (M= 3.57) than median value 3. And there were statistically no significant differences among three countries. Second, the speaking anxiety among Asian students was slightly lower (M=2.81) than median value 3. And there were statistically no significant differences in foreign language speaking anxiety among three countries. Third, there were statistically significant differences(p=-0.21: p<.01) in the relationship between the learning motivation and the speaking anxiety among three countries with age. (Kyungnam University)

Han, Sang-taek. “The enhancement of the interpretation of English idiomatic expressions and the words retainment by metaphoric cognition and analysis.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 35.4(2009): 215-242. This paper is to diagnose the possibilities of interpretation ability build-up by recognizing and analyzing the idiomatic expressions on the metaphoric expression basis. This study was based upon the cognitive linguistics where it is argued that every day idiomatic expressions were mostly originated from metaphoric expressions made of conceptual structure which came from human’s universal ways of thinking. To do this research, The CNN News scripts, which are a written form for oral communication, were administered as experimental materials. This study found that the experimental group which took the idiomatic expressions interpretation activities by the metaphoric cognition and analysis was better than the controlled group followed by conventional approach of literal interpretation activities with no special metaphoric cognition. Plus the words retainment ability of the experimental group was better than the controlled group. (Kongju University)

Chung, Chin-wan. “Articulation of Homorganic Nasal+Consonant Clusters in English: Constraints and Quantitative Evidence.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 35.4(2009): 243-269. This study focuses on the realizations of the coronal homorganic nasal plus a voiceless stop over a syllable boundary in English. We argue in this study that the deletion of the [t] in the input /nt/ sequences is due to the specified constraint of *NC̥-Cor. If it dominates the faithfulness constraint Faith-Seg(σ), only the [n] is realized in the output. With the reversed ranking, we can account for the faithful pronunciation of the [nt]. This theoretical analysis is supported by quantitative evidence in which the native speakers of North American English*This work was supported by Korea Research Foundation under Grant No. KRF-2008-327-A00289. I am thankful for anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. My special thank goes to Gukin Cho for her help in conducing an experiment. Any remaining errors are my own responsibility. We use North American English data because other dialects of English do not show variant realizations of the input /nt/ in the output. pronounce both [nt] and [n] in their reading a list of words containing the input /nt/. We provide supporting quantitative evidence even if we used a fairly formal register of the language by providing the subjects with the word list. The results of the quantitative study show that the pronunciation of the /nt/ over a syllable boundary reflects the difference in the familiarity of words, depending on gender, age, and teaching experience. (Chonbuk University)

Kim, No-ju. “The Two Structure-sensitive Constraints OCP(XP) and C-command in Korean Prosodic Phrasing.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 35.4(2009): 271-289. N. Kim’s previous studies have shown that properties both of phonology and of syntax play a significant role in defining a P-phrase in Korean. Among the constraints that play major roles in N. Kim’s studies, the constraints OCP(XP) and C-command are structure-sensitive in that they make a judgement on syntactic structures the words of an identical P-phrase can or cannot have. Though these two constraints played major roles in N. Kim’s previous studies, it turns out (i) that the constraint OCP(XP) is no longer necessary and (ii) that the constraint C-command needs to be revised. Eliminating OCP(XP) and making a revision to C-command, this paper aims to simplify and develop the area of prosodic phrasing in Korean phonology. (Kyungpook University)

Park, Jeong-hee. “English Voicing Assimilation.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 35.4(2009): 291-306. This paper shows the explanation of English Voicing Assimilation by means of using the interaction with markedness constraints and faithfulness constraints within Optimality Theory. By using the binary obstruent voicing features, [+voice] and [-voice], as well as by changing the definition of AGREE into AGREE/σ we can explain the progressive and regressive assimilation. Also, we separate two levels of affixation: derivational affixes relating to regressive assimilation and inflectional affixes for progressive assimilation. (Sogang University)

Yu, Chong-taek, “Missing Contents after Spell-Out.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 35.4(2009): 307-329. This paper proposes an assumption on a complementizer (comp) that/Φthat,: a comp that/φthat merges externally with a head C in a main clause or in an embedded one, either having its phonetic contents (PC) but missing its semantic contents (SC) or missing both its PC and SC after Spell-Out. This paper also proposes an assumption on a comp for/Φfor: a comp for/φfor merges externally with a head C in an infinitival clause, either having its PC but missing its SC or missing both its PC and SC after Spell-Out. Besides, a prepositional link (PL) to/Φto has either its PC but misses its SC or misses both its PC and SC except for in the passive voice. Finally, this paper argues that lexical items such as a Φpreposition which merges externally with a bare-NP adverb or a gerund, and a common imperative subject you miss their PC but still have their SC after Spell-Out in present-day English. (Howon University)

Yun, Do-hyun. “Students’ cognitive representations of critical media literacy in English class in a university.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 35.4(2009): 331-346. The English Liberal Arts in universities have been making efforts to incorporate media literacy into the curriculum. However, their practices have failed to embrace all aspects for developing students’ critical thinking, self-directed learning and intrinsic motivation in English learning. The purpose of this study was to describe students’ feelings and perspectives after learning critical media literacy in English class which uses media sources such as news articles, movies and videos with critical concept. A sample of 6 men and women in an English class of critical media literacy were interviewed. Using Colaizzi’s(1978) phenomenological method, rigor was established through the application of verification and validity. From 60 significant statements, 6 themes emerged. Cognitive representations of students included students’ feelings and perspectives of English learning, Americanization, identity conflict and action-based media literacy via critical media products used as learning materials. (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)