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Although the dual plot structure of Charles Dickens' last completed novel, Our Mutual Friend, may seem to weaken the novel's cohesion, a careful examination of the psychological filial relationships between the characters and their parental figures in either plot shows a continuity not apparent on the surface. Among other familial relationships explored, this paper will examine the relationships between the main characters, John Harmon and Eugene Wrayburn, and their respective father figures, showing that both plots are concerned with similar themes of filial rebellion and unrestrained “energy.”

Traditionally, artists use contrary images when they attempt to indicate a theme clearly, or emphasize conflicts between theme and anti-theme. Those opposing values are also used to express superiority or reconciliation of any kind. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of Yeats's poetry on the basis of the principle of contrast and how they compare to his values. In his early poem “The Lake Isle of Innisfree,” nature is the opposite of civilization. The grey color of the pavement in London where the poet stands may represent death in modern life. His mind leaves the urban culture for the natural tranquility of Sligo. The heathery purple of the isle is traditionarily a royal color, which may symbolize salvation from the hardship of real life. The busy roadway for cars, or continual horizontal movement, stands for worldly life, whereas vertical movement, the peace dropping slowly, implies heavenly blessings. Another early poem, “The Two Trees” praises the art created by heart or imagination, while shunning the art produced by knowledge. A tree in the heart and one in a glass come to form many contrasts. The heart cannot reflect anything but can contain the whole universe, with the opposite true for the glass. The former is warm and creative; the latter cold and critical. One of his middle period poems, “Ego Dominus Tuus,” deals with the same theme as “The Two Trees,” using totally different images. Here he uses a tower, a lamp, and a book instead of a glass; and a stream, the moon, and characters on sand instead of the heart. The images of the tower group are related to limitedness, verticality, and inflexibility. On the other hand, the stream group imagery is connected to limitlessness, eternity, horizontal movement, and flexibility all of which can suggest imagination. In “Sailing to Byzantium,” one of his last period poems, the contrast between young and old and between birds in trees and a bird made of gold are used to show that the ideal, spiritual, or artistic world is more important than the real, physical, or natural world. In that sense, the poem is similar to the earlier poems previously stated. In “Among school Children” written in the approximately same time, contrastive image groups exist as well. The nun who worships St. Mary, Maud Gonne who dedicates herself to a political ideology, Yeats who has been yearning for Maud Gonne spiritually, and Pythagoras and Plato who pursue only formulas behind things are a group of homogeneous images. The other group consists of an image of a mother who stakes her life on her son and Socrates who respects the real world. The two opposing groups of images meet harmoniously in the images of the school children who learn the ideal and the real simultaneously in the beginning and in the images of the blossoming trees and dancing bodies at the end. The most impressive contrast in this poem is seen between old Yeats as a scarecrow which is lifeless and senseless and school children as scared crows which are lively and sensitive. In “Byzantium” the spiritual or artistic world and the physical or real world are matched harmoniously through a mediator that appears in the form of a dolphin.As a whole, Yeats is oriented to the ideal or spiritual world to renew himself in the early and middle period poems. He in the late period poems, however, revives in finding out a truth that harmony between ideal and reality is more important than sidedness. It might be said that the poet's finding the worth of harmony has been achieved through the sense of balance obtained in the last phase of his life.

Heart of Darkness has received and continues to receive much more critical attention than any fiction in English. L. Gurko's approaches in Joseph Conrad: Giant and Exile were mainly concerned with the formal features of this work to the exclusion of the context and praised the artistic form and unity. A. Guerard in Conrad the Novelist (1958) develops E. Garnett's perception of this novella as a “psychological masterpiece”. T. Moser's Joseph Conrad: Achievement and Decline puts forward a similar emphasis on the process of self-knowledge. A branch of the critical vision is seen in the psychological approach inspired by S. Freud and C. Jung. It includes F. Crews's Out of My System, C. Rising's “Darkness at Heart”, B. Stampfl's “Marlow's Rhetoric of (Self-) Deception in Heart of Darkness”, and E. Goodheart's Desire and its Discontents. Another recent branch of approach is that of feminist critics who are N. P. Straus and B. London. C. Achebe's “An Image of Africa” initiated a now impressive list of what post-colonial theorists call “counter-discursive” or “resistant” reading of Heart of Darkness. E. Said is far more condemnatory in Culture and Imperialism. F. B. Singh concludes that the colonialistic bias of Heart of Darkness reveals the limitations of Conrad's notions rather than the existence of a reactionary and racist streak in him. C. P. Sarvan points out that Conrad reflects to some extent the attitudes of his age.

Through response to T. S. Eliot who was his model at one time, Auden made the lyrical and personal voice available to poets writing about new impressions, insights, contemporary ideas, social, political issues, and topical events which he met with an ever-increasing curiosity in the turmoil of the 1930s. Auden's early poetry is much concerned with diagnosis and portrayal of the ills of his country such as economic depression, poverty, spiritual desiccation and all the disordered conditions of his time. He ended the era of The Waste Land, and opened the new way for a highly varied poetic styles, forms and new many different kinds of poetry. So much of Auden's verse at any time is in a sense detached, impersonal, briskly purposive. During the 1930s Auden's demotic interests best served his poetry in the practice of the epigrammatic line and of various conversational meters. His poetry in the 1930s records a series of exploratory voyages from England to Iceland, Spain, China, across Europe, finally to America. Morality is always a public affair, but for Auden it had to be the result of a directly personal, private, even arbitrary decision. Most of his poetry is spiritually muscular, a sort of moral gymnastics. As a solution to the constriction of the present age, Auden proposes, not a political ideology, but the idea of the community tied by love. The history of Auden's mental journeys is that of the gradual discovery of the potentialities of the meaning of love for him. He is always not searching for a Marxist paradise, but for “new styles of architecture, a change of heart,” a recovery of psychic health and universal love through perfect communion in themselves and in society.

Out of the three big modern American novelists of the earlier 20th century, Fitzgerald is not regarded to enjoy similar evaluation as his two other contemporaries-Hemingway and Faulkner. Unlike the two nobel prize winners of universal recognition, Fitzgerald has not been considered a serious writer. Instead, he has been simply labelled as "a speaker for young people and society of the 20s. But, if we read his novels and short stories more attentively and carefully, we will find in his works sharp criticism on American society in every aspects. He has left four novels and an unfinished one. But it is generally neglected that he has published great amounts of short stories and some of them are still among the most-frequently quoted ones. His writing career culminated in his early 20's. Stories of this period presented young people following the fashionable American life styles of the most prosperous period. As American economy was stepping backward in the '30s, his short stories also revealed the gloomy atmosphere of the period. It can be summarized that his criticism on American society is directed to the following features: wayward and unprepared attitude for the future, overflowing optimism, lack of responsibility, moral corruption, blind worship of money, emotional incongruity between the South and the North, and the irrational order and moral corruption in Hollywood etc. However, Fitzgerald must have been confident of American superiority to Europeans in the sense of moral resurrection.

The purpose of this paper is to study Thoreau's rhetoric arts, especially in his Walden. Most of the argument of Walden are presented in the first two chapters - ‘Economy’ and ‘Where I Lived and What I Lived for’. The rest of Walden exhibits somewhat a different tone - conciliation and poetic evocation, while maintaining an undercurrent of argument. It is found that paradoxes, word-plays, the creation of personae, audience and narrator ‘I’, the persuasive power by analogy, descriptions in detail, attacking the inconsistencies of foils and etc. are used as the rhetoric tools. By a paradoxical introduction of Walden Thoreau made his readers acquainted with their mode of life; and he let paradoxes present his propositions that he gradually amplified with concrete detail or developed with further propositions. He used argumentative paradoxes along with other rhetoric tools to urge his readers to choose whether the sham of traditional thoughts and the blindness of material civilization, or the communion with spiritual inner-light of self with the simple and serene life. Along with word-plays, they are used to have ‘agreeable surprise’ and ‘vitality’ occur in the readers' mind as well as in his writing, to divert them from the lethargy of conventional thought. He used analogy and satirical attacks of the inconsistencies to lend authenticity to his argument. Thoreau created personae, the well-defined audience synecdochically typified by the men of the conventional civilization and the individual characters as representative sampling of the culture, who serve as foils for the narrator's wit. He also projected himself, the narrator ‘I’ into a persona characterized as a shrewd yankee with good principle, good will and good sense, so that he can be acceptable to the audience, create a rapport with them. By all these means he makes his argument persuasive and credible. And all the rhetorical tools are interrelated one another to serve the purpose to support the paradoxical proposition, ‘the less, the more’, materially poor but mentally rich.

Willa Cather, unlike many of her famous contemporaries, aligned herself with the American tradition exemplified by Ralph Waldo Emersion. They shared a common moral center which separated her from the post-Eliot critics. Thea Kronsborg in The Song of the Lark is no less Emersonian than Alexandra in O Pioneers, Antonia in My Antonia, and Claude Wheeler in One of Ours. Thea Kronsborg in this novel is Willa Cather in essentials, though Oliver Fremstad was her external prototype. Willa Cather's strong-minded personality became Thea Kronsborg's and Cather's struggles to find her way as a writer became her character's to do so as a singer. Cather's artistry here worked like leaven upon memory, mind, and emotion to convey the inter-relationship of art and nature and art and truth. And when art, with its roots in nature, becomes truth, a transcendence of mundane existence occurs. The birth and flowering of a great artist breaks the natural cycle of birth and death, and something eternal takes its place in the grandeur of the universe. Thea Kronberg creates this transcendent truth in the novel through Cather her creator. Through their intensive experience of life, the main characters transcend their material existence and partake of eternal verities. They become part of the creative, orderly, evolutionary process of Nature whose vicissitudes interrupt the flow but whose ultimate thrust moves toward what Emerson calls a “higher form.” Through her descriptions of features of the natural landscape and of humans' efforts to imitate its beauty, Cather's works become a part of the creative process which she celebrates. The Song of the Lark is not completely perfect, nor is Nature. Nonetheless, it makes the reader recognize the ineffable spirit which inspires humans to endure.

This paper attempts to analyze James Dickey's early poems in terms of his vision of unity. Dickey depicts his inner vision of unity through ordinary and common scenes. He deals with things from a truly animistic point of view and tries to recover the original wholeness that was lost by modern man. Dickey's unified vision is sexual, surrealistic, transcendental as well as shamanistic. This leads to the recovery of wholeness. Thus, Dickey's poetry possesses healing power. Dickey shows his monistic vision in such poems as “Inside the River”, “Tree and Cattle”, and “Common Grave” etc. in which nature and man, earth and heaven, time and eternity, and life and death are merged. He also reveals his sense of unity in “Heaven of Animals”, “Springer Mountain”, “Listening to Foxhounds”, “A Dog Sleeping on My Feet” and “Approaching Prayer” in which predators and prey are unified in a love relationship in the cycle of life and death. Dickey also suggests a continuity of life after death. He depicts shamanistic phenomena in some of his poems that show the poetic speakers possessed with the spirits of the dead.

This article is to examine the paradox between Brighton Rock and The Power and the Glory. Brighton Rock(1938), The Power and the Glory(1940) and The Heart of the Matter(1948) are called the trilogy of Graham Greene's religious novels. Brighton Rock is his first religious novel and The Power and the Glory is his representative novel. In The Heart of the Matter Greene depicts the conflict of faith and pity, a kind of human love. Brighton Rock and The Power and the Glory have similar aspects of theme and plot. The plot of two novels is composed of pursuits and the theme is the religious paradox. The protagonist of Brighton Rock is Pinkie. He is the gangster of the dark world. He kills Hale, who is also involved in the dark world. Pinkie's murder of Hale was not seen by anyone. But Ida, who is suspicious of Hale's death pursues Pinkie. Though Ida exerts herself to fight the injustice of this world, God will not care and doesn't guarantee Ida's salvation. Ida's Right and Wrong world is not the way to go to God. On the other hand, though Pinkie behaves like the symbol of evil, he has faith in God that he had from his childhood. God will not ignore Pinkie's faith. God opens the Gate of Heaven to Pinkie. It is a paradox that a human being's salvation depends not on his right behavior, but on appalling God's grace. The protagonist of The Power and the Glory is the Whisky Priest. He is pursued by the communist government of Mexico, especially the lieutenant. During the pursuit he sometimes drinks whisky to relieve the fear and the loneliness. He even has an illegitimate daughter called Brigida. But he learns to love others through the love of his daughter. By his guilt, the Whisky Priest does not go away from God, but comes closer to God. Finally he is captured by the lieutenant, on his way to the place to hear the confession from an wounded American robber. But the lieutenant was surrendered spiritually by the Whisky Priest who ministers to the robber. Greene shows us the religious paradox impressively.

Nathaniel Hawthorne was influenced by John Buyan through his life as an author with creative imagination and as an analyst of human mind. He liked to read Bunyan's masterpiece The Pilgrims Progress as a guide book toward his imagination to write his romances and short stories, especially religious allegorical works. Hawthorne and Bunyan have close similarities in themes, structures and writing materials. Most of Hawthorne's characters are pilgrims like Bunyan's toward certain goals. In chapters two, three, and four how 「The Celestial Railroad」, 「Young Goodman Brown」, The Scarlet Letter and 「Ethan Brand」were influenced by The Pilgrim's Progress. Though Bunyan's Christian in The Pilgrims Progress reaches the Celestial City, Hawthorne's characters fail to reach their destinations, thus criticising his contemporary society, where science and industry prospered. As The Pilgrim's Progress is a dream tale, so are some of Hawthorne's. To both authors “their world is that of dreams.” They use dreams to raise questions about how the mind moves toward understanding and about the moral significance of human acts, concerning the limits of mortal existence. Bunyan established the tradition of religious allegories, handing it down to Hawthorne who applied it to his writings and added much more complicated artistic literary techniques. In conclusion Bunyan helped Hawthorne to increase his imagination to create the prototypes of various human beings such as good men, badmen and so on. They both contribute to the grasp of human nature and the interpretation of human problems in their allegorical works. Bunyan influenced Hawthorne so that Hawthorne could be a great allegorical writer.

In A Burnt-out Case, Greene deliberately concentrated on the metaphor to explore fundamental realization of Christian humanity. He wants to represent religious sense of human beings. But he gives up the structure of religion which he used to seek in other Catholic novels. As he once said in his interview, he tries ‘to show various grades of belief and disbelief.’ There are fanatical believers who are too busy to concern themselves with doubt; the half-believers who have their doubts about their beliefs; and the disbelievers who have their real beliefs in atheism. The leading character Querry once an internationally renowned and successful architect escaped from the routine world to the remotest place he had never been to. It's because his great success caused him the psychological mutilation. Even though he is a well-known Catholic architect, he refuses to be called a Catholic, or a man of humility. He feels that he is just a legal Catholic. But after he met various kinds of people, his attitude has been changed. He feels pity for the poor when he reaches the dark marsh in the forest and discovers his servant's plight. It means that he ‘begins to feel part of the human condition’. His affection to human beings has been recovered through his involvement with the patients' suffering. In A Burnt-out Case Greene explores the love of human being and the importance of the pragmatic commitment to society.

This article is a pragmatic application of the theory of parallel literary study of Aldridge in a comparative study of Kang Kyungae and Kate Chopin focusing on their works, Mother and Daughter and The Awakening. These two writers do not have much similarity in their cultural and historical background, but their works provide a basis for comparative study in the sense that they have very important commonalities in dealing with women's reality, agony, anger and the strategy of their survival in male-dominated social structures. In this paper I studied the authors' lives and then explored the process of woman's self-reflection and self-cultivation focusing on the two women characters, Oki of The Mother and The Daughter by Kyungae Kang and Edna of The Awakening by Kate Chopin. Self reflection is a course of searching for a new consciousness and a new self-analysis to answer the question “Who am I?” or “What kind of person do I want to be?”. The novels are similar in patterns of development of protagonists and reflect the desperate and dangerous steps a woman takes as she moves on to gain her self-identity. In searching of new identities, both Oki and Edna experience the steps of dissatisfaction, rebellion, and isolation. And when they arrive at the stage of self-reflection, both decide to start new lives completely different from their old lives. Even though both of them arrive at the same stage of self-reflection, their journeys after this time are not similar. Oki succeeds in her journey of self-cultivation, but Edna doesn't. Oki succeeds in starting a new life because she prepares the inner resources required to construct an independent life. She works hard in the rice fields during the day. At the night school she was cultivating her self-reflection and she uses her painful past and miserable memories of her mothers as a means of healing and renewal. But in case of Edna, even though she has developed a new embryonic identity, this new self is too weak to struggle alone and too helpless to confront the world. Unlike Oki, she was never able to rise through pain and suffering and she does not possess the stamina to endure misfortune in silence. Through their novels, The Mother and The Daughter and The Awakening. both Kyungae Kang and Kate Chopin encourage women who are suffering from anger and scars not to abandon themselves even though reality is tough and cruel, but to gain the inner resources of their own, through self-reflection and self-cultivation. And the course of this self-reflection and self-cultivation is the typical power and trait of ‘Sagim’ of Korean ‘Han’.

This paper sets out by examining Hale and Keyser's claim that there are no thematic roles but simply relations determined by categorial and their projections, which is called LRS. Based on X-bar syntax, we get a typical causal relations by composing two VPs whose head Vs denote events. We have seen that denominals verbs are morphologically derived from the corresponding noun and that the two types of denominal verbs--location and locatum--differ in the semantic relation of location they express. We also review that verbs' argument structure can be analyzed in terms of the principles of Unambiguous Projection and Full Interpretation in addition to the structural properties of the lexical heads. The difference between unergatives and unaccusatives is analyzed with regard to the structural position of the subject. A question arises regarding whether l-syntax is distinct from s-syntax. The difference in behaviour of unergaive and urgative verbs is taken into consideration with regard to the structural position of the relevant NP at l-syntax. We see that the notion of derivational phase can be invoked in the sense that LRS derivations are involved in strict local movement from one lexical head to another inside a projection. We find a problem that the locality constraint is violated in triggering movement and attracting a DP.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the acquisition of English dative constructions on the basis of Pinker's(1989) Narrow-range Rules. There was a meaningful and unique pattern between particular dative verbs and particular semantic structure types formed in the lexicon of the Korean learners' interlanguage. As learners' proficiency in English increases, the association between dative verbs and semantic structures produced became closer to English as a target language. The subjects strongly favored the use of NP PPs over NP NPs. On the basis of the above, the study concluded that learners acquired English dative structures by following the learning principles suggested by Pinker(1989).

The purpose of this study is to approach to the syntactic derivational analysis of English anaphor binding in terms of AGREE-based reference assignment within the Minimalist Framework (Chomsky 1999, 2000, 2001). We argue that a local binding phenomenon results from matching/agreement between the reference features of an anaphor and a nominal expression. We claim that an anaphor has an uninterpretable reference feature and a nominal expression has an interpretable reference feature so as to play roles of PROBE and GOAL, respectively. Based on the matching condition of the PROBE and the GOAL, we provide how the uninterpretable reference feature of the PROBE recovers the reference in the DOMAIN of PROBE.

The purpose of this study is to suggest that English Learning through Web-based Instruction can improve students' English ability, in particular, listening comprehension and reading comprehension. In this study, I designed the Web-based experimental instrument focusing on listening and reading section. It was then applied to the English class of high school. In this study, three types of tests, pre-test, mid-test, and post-test, were carried out to research the variation in academic achievement between the experimental group and the comparative one. From these academic achievement tests, the result showed that the more the students took English classes through Web-based Instruction, compared with traditional instruction, the bigger the gap of achievement level became between the two groups; the experimental group scored much higher in both the mid-test and post-test than the pre-test. The three achievement tests indicated that English learning thought Web-based Instruction was more positive and effective than the traditional English class. As society develops from an industrial to a knowledge, information, and communication-based society, the educational circumstances should differ from the past accordingly. To keep pace with a rapidly developing society, new types methodology is required in education. Therefore English learning through Web-based Instruction is one of the most effective teaching methods available in English education today.

We consider today as the turning point from the Industrial Age to the Information Age based on the rapid development of information and communication technology. With the recent development of the Internet system, many changes have made in the educational area. This purpose of the study was to discuss how the Self-Leading Learning Ability could be fitted in internet. Above all, the Internet is useful for language education and Internet is suggested as the proper medium for students to study English. Internet has been viewed as the best media for distance education because of the time- and space- free communication. Internet was suggested as the proper medium to utility the instructional principles of Self-Leading Learning Ability. We can think that the internet environment is very similar the Self-Leading Learning Ability based on constructivism. Internet was described the best medium to actualize these principles in school-based learning environment. Internet may help learners and teacher to select real and authentic tasks by getting information. Internet is a real environment in which new knowledge evolves, not a simulated environment but a real environment. Internet provides various forms of interaction. Learners may search and gather the information they need when they need. In conclusion, Internet was suggested as the best medium of Self-Leading Learning Ability in the information age.

The purpose of this paper is to formulate the model of English listening instruction through ICT and its teaching scheme as a new approach for improving listening skill in our classroom. Above all, this model can provide the native speakers' vivid sound and enough multimedia-based listening materials for our students to increase their listening abilities. Especially, because it can serve as the base for other language learning, task-based listening instruction using ICT can help learners effectively transfer their listening skill not only to reading and writing, but also speaking through the interaction with the colleagues and the native speakers on the Internet. In the future, it is suggested that our researchers and teachers try to develop more effective English teaching-learning method using ICT, and that the Ministry of Education assist them financially or administratively.

This paper aims at analysing the control structures in English as involving DP-movement and Feature attraction of a single DP. Hornstein(1999) and O'Neil(1997) subsume control under overt DP-movement; thus the controller is generated in thematic position within the control sentence and then moves to its surface position through a higher thematic position. But Hornstein(1999) puts the control phenomenon in promise-infinitives aside and simply treats it as an exception to MDP. O'Neil(1997) also analyses control structures as involving DP movement. However, he analyses the want-infinitives with a lexical subject similar to object constructions. And the control shift in promise and ask, scream-infinitive constructions can't be properly explained within his analysis. The two analyses above are not consistent with Chomsky's(1995) view that DP traces do not have reconstruction effect. Manzini & Roussou(2000) also argue for subsuming control under A-movement, but they adopt a representational view of syntax and claim that A-movement does not really exist. Rather, “raised” elements are merged directly into their surface positions and relate to their predicate via theta feature attraction. Manzini & Roussou(2000) can explain the absence of reconstruction with A-movement, but they seem to have several problems; wh-movement is left obscure and they don't offer the explanation about the effect on A-movement in French raising constructions. Therefore, when control constructions are analysed as DP movement or Feature attraction, the derivational approach is superior to representational one much like Manzini & Roussou's (2000).

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss all the syntactic structure phenomena occurring in deletion and ellipsis in the English comparative sentence. Two interrelated different aspects of deletion and ellipsis in the English comparative sentence have been described under the following topics: (1) Deletion in the Comparative Clause (2) Difference between Deletion and Ellipsis in the Comparative Construction. In Chapter II, we have provided the outlines of discrimination and the syntactic frameworks of deletion and subdeletion and ellipsis in the English comparative construction. In Chapter III, we have made some differences of deletion from ellipsis in the comparative construction according to the properties reflecting syntactic structures. We could attain our goals of examining the results of the following topics: (1) the basic concept of deletion and ellipsis (2) ellipsis types in the comparative sentence (3) ellipsis constraints in the comparative clause (4) coordinate structure reduction and comparative ellipsis. In conclusion, this paper has discussed some differences between deletion, subdeletion, ellipsis and coordinate reduction in the English comparative sentences. Furthermore, their interrelated different aspects can be discussed and analyzed by the structural properties of the syntactic frameworks occurring in the comparative construction.

The purpose of this paper is to present constraints on English pre-verbal adjuncts. HPSG assumes that the mapping between argument structure and valence is defined by realization constraints which are satisfied by all lexical heads. To analyze participial constructions which are one type of adjuncts, this paper makes use of the association between argument structure and dependents of lexical heads. Bouma, Gosse, Rob Malouf, and Ivan A. Sag (2001) suggested Argument Structure Extension to present a unified feature-based theory of complement, adjunct, and subject extraction. However, the constraints suggested by above mentioned authors are not proper to explain pre-verbal adjuncts. Therefore this paper suggests Revised Argument Structure Extension for the analysis of pre-verbal adjuncts. Based on Revised Argument Structure Extension, pre-verbal Adjunct structures which modify main clauses can be associated with the main clauses. Furthermore, with recent developments in HPSG, ARG-ST and passive verb lexeme, Revised Argument Structure Extension makes it possible to analyze participial constructions which contain binding relation, passive construction.

This paper is to show how to analyse Dickinson's poems with the concept of metaphors. Metaphor is not an exceptional stylistic device for rhetorical flourish, but an important factor in our understanding, a factor that is based on the cognitive mapping of one conceptual domain(the source domain) onto another(the target domain). Metaphor permeates our language and the way we conceptualize the world. Thus, metaphor is basic not only to our language but also to our cognition, in general. Metaphor can be divided into two kinds; the conceptual metaphor and the poetic one. The poetic metaphor can be different from the conceptual metaphor in degree, but not in kind. It id based on the same cognitive mappings we can find in the conceptual metaphor. But there are specific techniques poets can exploit in order to get poetic metaphors from conceptual ones; extension, elaboration, questioning and composition. We try to define the most important concept, “death”, in Dickinson's poems and analyze her poems with the metaphor, LIFE IS JOURNEY." and drew a good result. Death can be defined as a desirable gate toward Heaven, which we cannot pass through easily, and her poem J. 712 can be interpreted well. And we are sure we can interpret her other poems well, too, if we fill slots of the schema in metaphors with other possible elements. That means our analysis of poems based on the concept of metaphor is very sound and it is the very way we should take in interpreting poems in this age of cognitive science.