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Kang Shinwook. “Root of Claude McKay’s Literature -A Study of Songs of Jamaica.” Studies in English Language and Literature. 38.1 (2012): 1-27. Claude McKay(1890-1948) has often been thought of as an immediate forerunner and one of the key members of the Harlem Renaissance, so it is impossible to assess the Harlem Renaissance without considering his contribution and influence. Yet we should be careful not to put too much emphasis on the position and role of McKay as a Renaissance writer because such an approach is likely to overlook the complexity and multiplicity of his life and literary world. More than anything else, his life and literary works in Jamaica was closely related with the historical context at that time. In that context, McKay was a historical witness in his poems about Jamaican people including peasants, intellectuals, and emigrants. More than anyone else, he was willing to record, explain, analyse, and interpret the cruelty and bitterness of British colonialism in Songs of Jamaica. Therefore, I think it very important to reevaluate early McKay. So, if judging him based on poems collected in Songs of Jamaica, it is not far-overstretched to say that McKay was one of the writers who gave voice to a wide range of lower-class social types of Jamaican society and furthermore was able to resist, subvert, and modify the norms of Standard English through Jamaican dialect. (Chonbuk National University)

Kang, Young-Don. “White Discourses and Moses: the resistance of monologic society.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 38.1 (2012): 29-45. Doris Lessing’s first novel The Grass is Singing portrays an oppressive white society. This social environment reflects the monologic world. The novel is set in Southern Africa in the early 20th century. In this work Lessing uses the things that she experienced in Southern Africa. At this time, Southern Africa was a monologic society. Power was passed down paternally from generation to generation and was held only by the white people. Having settled in Southern Africa since the late 19th century, the whites enforced laws against the black people and used every means to take advantage of their labor under the excuse of the progress of the nation. They built a paradise for themselves by oppressing the natives. Thus, this paper focuses on white discourses and Moses who is the native has the resistance of white civilization. Superficially this novel seems to deal mainly with racial problems, however a more important point, is that it is concerned with a radical human problem. The world that Lessing aims at is not a monologic society but a society in which opposite elements can coexist. In this work, she criticizes the oppression by racism and emphasizes communicative relationship that respects the equality and features of every social member on the basis of humanity. In such a way, this study shows Lessing’s hope for a communicative society while picturing a tragic ending and Moses’ resistance of the monologic society. (Dongyang University)

Park, Sang Man. “A Study of the Politics of Androgyny revealed in Far from the Madding Crowd.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 38.1 (2012): 47-61. The purpose of this study is to identify the most positive masculine and feminine traits which comprise humanistic androgyny and to harmonize it with contemporary sexual politics, and in the end to analyze which masculine and feminine features are desirable as human characteristics. Gender is regarded as one of the huge array of forms that compete, overlap, and interconnect at momentous times and places in history. Far from the Madding Crowd is a novel which deals with the issues of gender and sexuality between men and women that take place within the community of Weatherbury. Masculinity and femininity in this work are shown to the reader from a point of view completely different from the typical contemporary point of view. Through Bathsheba’s gender crisis and her sexuality, Hardy tries to obtain a new definition of femininity and emphasize both Bathsheba’s feminine role and that of a farmer. On the other hand, Gabriel who has feminine and masculine traits, suggests a new form of social relationship not based upon gender roles but upon equality and humanity, creating an equitable economic relationship and a cooperative fellowship in work situations. Through the altered roles of Bathsheba’s and Gabriel’s genders and sexuality, this paper tries to illuminate sexual politics via androgynism. (Wonkwang University)

Park, Okjin. “A Study of Characters in The Duchess of Malfi: Focused on Duchess of Malfi.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 38.1 (2012): 63-82. The aim of this paper is to explore the subjectivity of a Duchess in John Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi. The issue of subjectivity is associated with her effort to find the meaning of life within the circles of her inner world. The Duchess of Malfi presents us with a heroine who makes her way through the chaotic world where any meaningful life cannot exist and only those who have power can survive. The duchess intentionally separates herself from the outer world, and tries to keep her subjectivity in her ‘family,’ which is built on the basis of mutual love and trust. Her family is presented as an ideal community based on the companionship of man and wife in contrast to the patriarchal society to which she belongs. On the surface, the duchess’s effort to keep her subjectivity in her private dimension is thoroughly destroyed by the brutal force of patriarchal authority. However, the values she sought in her life still remain a meaningful way of life in contrast to the state of moral wilderness of the patriarchal oppression. (Chonbuk National University)

Park, Yunki. “James Joyce as an Artist and His Mid/wife, Nora Barnacle.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 38.1 (2012): 83-101. The Purpose of this essay is to examine James Joyce as an artist and his mid/wife, Nora Barnacle. Joyce had a belief that sexual desire was a natural thing of human being. He left Catholic Church as a young adult and did not return to it. He rejected, as Richard Brown points out, the theological in favour of a rational conception of sexual relationship. By rejecting the Church, he was free to develop a spirituality that was essence for an experienced artist. He believed that having sex was a pivotal experience to become a complete writer. By the time he first laid eyes on Nora, Joyce was immediately smitten and came to view her as a sexual object. According to their correspondence during the year 1909, as Mark Knowles suggests, it is clear that “Joyce’s sexual impulses were still clearly fixated at levels of libidinal development associated with infantile sexuality.” He projected all of his romantic fantasies on the mythically resilient Nora. Throughout 1909, He begged her to share that cloacal obsession: “Write more and dirtier, darling.” Joyce found what he was looking for: a companion who understood him, someone he could give himself to fully. He believed that Nora could fill the absence created by the death of his mother. They were seldom apart from the time they fled Ireland together in 1904 until his death 37 years later. For thirty-seven years, Nora’s greatest priority was the construction of an environment where Joyce could flourish as a great writer. Though she was uneducated, Nora was bright, wise, and self-confident. Above all things she was a stimulative mid/wife for the ambitious writer, James Joyce. (Pai Chai University)

Yu, Jie-Ae. “The Metaphorical Circulations of Water in Byron’s Works.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 38.1 (2012): 103-118. Little critical attention has been paid to Byron’s elaborate and many-faceted deployment of the figurative circulations of water such as the sea, rivers, lakes, and tears in his poetical and dramatic writings. The key purpose of this article is to investigate how the poet utilizes the metaphorical movement of such images to embody the multiple types of change and fluidity pertaining both to the outside and inner worlds of his main characters. In a wider context, the circulation of water in Byron’s works symbolizes the recurring pattern of civilization in history against the backdrop of fate. In the internal perspective, the same image is used to implicate the psychological transformation of his major figures, which involves an internal journey from gloominess and despair, through the repentance of past guilt, to the speaker’s gradual recovery of a healthy and balanced state of mind. The paper focuses on examining these extensive and dynamic significances of the indicative activities of the waters by means of scrutinizing the diverse range of his literary texts written between 1813 and 1823. (Changwon National University)

Lee, Younghwa. “‘You Black, You Poor, You Ugly, You a Woman’: The Subaltern in The Color Purple.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 38.1 (2012): 119-141. In The Color Purple, African-American female figures are foreshadowed by the status of the Third World women. The African-American female body is sexually exploited and materialized in the same way as the Third World female. Paralleling both the letters of Celie and Nettie, Alice Walker compares the hierarchy that represses women in America to that one within the colonial regime. In addition, Christianity is handled as complicit to European imperialism in post-colonial literature. Celie’s final refusal to write the letter to God works against the dynamic of colonialism, and Nettie’s missionary failure in Africa reinforces it. According to Spivak, subalterns, such as Celie, who are doubly oppressed by gender and race, cannot be heard. In The Color Purple, the resistance against the white hierarchy, and the genuine “blackness” that the female seeks, allow the subaltern to speak. (Chonbuk National University)

Lee, Il Jae. “Conflict and Achievement in Shelley’s Poetry: A reading of “The Triumph of Life”.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 38.1 (2012): 143-161. Shelley moves between hope and doubt, permanence and mutability, mind and world in his poetry. This conflict structure is based on his own “Intellectual System,” Skepticism. He examines not only the conventional thought of his own times but also his own thought through these dialectical structure of skepticism. His characters reveal the agony of the gap between ideal and reality and struggle to solve their conflict. Their agony and conflict, of course, are Shelley’s own. His work which examines his ideal projecting his own conflict into characters leads him to get better and more serious awareness of reality. The aim of this paper is to trace the course of examining and reappraising his idealism in “The Triumph of life.” (Chonbuk National University)

Hwang, Byung-Soo. “An Exploration into Manifold Genres in The Jew of Malta.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 38.1 (2012): 163-185. Christopher Marlowe dramatizes his vision of tragedy through the unavoidable doom of Barabas’ single-minded efforts to enjoy great wealth in The Jew of Malta. He enhances the main action of his tragedy by reducing it to various absurd scenes with a bitter satire. The inconsistencies of their words and actions function as an important factor of farce, the lower form of comedy. While the self-contradictory absurdity of human efforts is quite tragic, it can be farcical. He grasps these two aspects of his characters, and dramatizes the tragic elements juxtaposed with farcical elements. By mingling the tragic and farcical elements, he shows sympathy and contempt as well as pity and fear, and maximizes their reciprocal effects. These alleviate tragic tensions as a comic relief and furthermore show the meaning of human life which is inherently absurd and farcical. As a consequence, he provides the audience with serious meaningfulness by leaving it still open to various types of genres: Machiavellian tragedy, tragedy of revenge, tragedy of irony, farcical tragedy, melodrama, tragic farce, black comedy, city comedy and so forth. (Gangneung-Wonju National University)

Kim, Changsoo・Park, Seungwon. “A Study on the Use of Fairy Tales as College Learners’ Motivation for English Writing.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 38.1 (2012): 187-200. The purpose of this study is to investigate how fairy tales influence learners for English writing participation and performance on course work and test. Two groups of the different English level of 21 and 24 college students respectively attending their elective which is called business English were selected for the study. The pre-test was followed by the second week of the fall semester, 2010 and the post-test was administered to examine their progress upon completion of 45 hours of the course work that included lectures on how to perform fairy tales in class. The questionnaire was also conducted to learn the students’ opinion on their performance during the lesson. The results of the study show that the group who was provided with fairy tales performed better on the pre-test, and a lot closer rapport between the teacher and the learners was established from the beginning of the semester. Fairly numerous students also did their homework more enthusiastically than the group taught without fairy tales during the course. It can be concluded that fairy tales increase learners’ motivation, making them engage in hands-on English writing process. It is essential for a teacher to create a positive motivation-inducing atmosphere so that the college English learners participate aggressively and do their coursework effectively for better English writing. (Konyang University・Korea Nazarene University)

Sung, ilho. “On the Productivity of Word-formation of English Phrasal Verbs through Corpus Analysis.” Studies in English Language & Literature 38.1 (2012): 201-221. The main aim of this study is to examine productivity of verb particle constructions. One of the most productive patterns of the English language is that of phrasal verbs. Studies dealing with the processes of the productivity usually disregard the study of phrasal verbs as a lexical and syntactic resource for word formation. The flexibility of verb plus particle combination to form different word categories should be seen as an advantage when it comes to creating or expanding new ideas. However, an obstacle to the study of phrasal verbs to find its way into English grammar is due to lack of systematic treatment so far. So, in this study the highest frequent phrasal verb constructions in the specialized English corpora and high school English textbooks are analyzed. The findings indicate that a small subset of lexical verbs combines with the most frequent particles to account for more than half the phrasal verb occurrences. This can give an insight into the word formation process of the phrasal verbs, providing some guidelines for classroom presentation of the most common uses of phrasal verbs (Wonkwang University)

Sohn, Joong-Sun. “On the Teachers’ Guide of the Elementary English Textbooks from the Viewpoint of Grammar Sense Development.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 38.1 (2012): 223-241. The purpose of this paper is to give suggestions as to how the teaching methods in the teachers’ guide can be improved for the students in terms of the development of grammar sense. It is suggested that teachers have a good understanding of the implication of the communicative function and its corresponding language form. Since the function refers to the speaker’s communicative intention and the form represents the grammatical structure to help linguistically realize the intention successfully, these two comprise the core of grammar sense students are supposed to develop. To support the ideas in this paper, three grammatical themes have been taken as examples from the teachers’ guide of the 5th and 6th year elementary English textbooks: simple present tense, present progressive tense, and comparatives. The teachers’ guide appear not to provide explicit instructions for the students’ understanding of the communicative functions and the linguistic forms while teaching the themes, leaving the children unguided. It is strongly suggested that in EFL situations grammar sense hardly develops without explicit instructions by the teacher. (Daegu National University of Education)

Oh, Maria・Kang, Gyung Wook. “Three Provincial Eighth Graders’ Perceptions of Primary and Middle School English Education.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 38.1 (2012): 243-265. The present study is designed to explore three Korean eighth-grade students’ perceptions of primary and middle school English education. The informants were three students at P middle school located at a mid-size city in a southern provincial area. They were selected based on their English proficiency levels: the first one from a high-level class, the second from a intermediate-level class and the third from a low-level class. Three-time individual interview questions were asked mostly about their primary and secondary school English learning in and outside schools. Two researchers collaborated to voice-record, transcribe, analyze and eventually to triangulate the research study. The study results are as follows: First, three informants focus on English test scores as a main trigger of their English learning and they perceive that English is a way to get test scores; Second, all three informants perceive their primary and secondary school English learning quite negatively; Third, all three informants perceive that communicative-action-based English teaching is an effective English teaching method. Suggestions to improve Korean primary and secondary school English education were added. (Jeonju National University of Education・Maam Elementary School)

Lee, Jung-Eun·Jeong, Dong-Bin. “The effectiveness of recording assignments of university students’ speaking through mobile devices.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 38.1 (2012): 267-297. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the efficacy of recording assignments utilizing mobile devices (i.e., cell phones, PDAs, and MP3players). The subjects were 16 EFL students, divided into 2 groups of 8 students each. Each group consisted of 8 students. This study examined students’ self-directed learning based on constructivism for 6 weeks utilizing mobile devices. The one strength of mobile learning is that it is easy to carry a mobile device and convenient to complete assignments anytime, anywhere. Students can send their work to a teacher by email after they have finished their assignments. After that, the teacher provides students with feedback regarding their assignments. Based on the teacher’s feedback, students can find out their problems. During class time, the teacher records students’ speaking when they are in the group discussion for ten minutes. Then through data which were typed from recording, the teacher analyses to examine the effectiveness of performing recording assignments utilizing mobile devices. The results are as follows: First, assignments completed using mobile devices were effective for speaking skills especially in fluency, pronunciation and vocabulary. Second, the majority of learners were interested in, and all were satisfied with, using mobile devices for recording assignments. Therefore, based on these findings, it seems that doing voice recording assignments through mobile devices, and getting feedback from the teacher by email, can help learners in developing English speaking. (Chung-Ang University)

Jo, Miwon・Kim, Soeun. “A Study on Students’ Interest and Anxiety Changes in TEE Classes.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 38.1 (2012): 299-325. The purpose of this study is to analyze high school students’ interest and anxiety changes when classes are taught only in English and to ascertain the effectiveness of TEE (Teaching English in English). English classes were taught only in English for approximately six months, and were grammar and reading oriented. 374 students were divided into three groups according to their English test scores. They were asked to fill out a questionnaire before and after the experimental classes. To verify the difference variables between before and after answers about the interests and anxiety, t-test was performed. ANCOVA was done to verify the difference in effect in student English levels. The result of this study shows that classes taught in English are effective in increasing student interest(p<.001), and decreasing anxiety(p<.001) in speaking concerning English language classes. (Kyungnam University)

Cho, Young-Ah・Choi, Hoon. “The Effects of University Students’ English Reading Strategies on English Reading Proficiency.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 38.1 (2012): 327-351. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of university students’ English reading strategies on English reading proficiency. Fifty nine university students who were enrolled in D university located in Chonnam province participated in this study. Two major instruments were utilized in the current study. First, the reading strategy survey adapted from Survey of Reading Strategies was conducted to the participants to measure frequency of reading strategies use. Second, TOEIC(Test of English for International Communication) scores were used to assess the participants’ English reading ability. The results of the study indicated that most participants used problem -solving strategies most frequently, while using support strategies least frequently in the three dependent variables (global, problem -solving and support strategies). In addition, the results showed that global strategies and support strategies which students used were significantly correlated with English reading proficiency. Global strategies had an effect on English reading proficiency, however, the higher support strategies were, the lower English reading proficiency was. It was concluded that the reading strategies affect the leaners’ English reading ability. And if they are given the awareness of adequate reading strategies use and strategical reading instruction after conducting the reading strategy survey, the leaners’ English proficiency will be improved and strengthened. (Chonnam National University・Dongshin University)