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Kang, Shinwook. “The Agony, Conflict, and Self-Consciousness of a Colonial Constable —A Study of McKay’s Constab Ballads.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 39.1 (2013): 1-27. Claude McKay(1890-1948) has often been thought of as an immediate forerunner and one of the key members of the Harlem Renaissance. Yet we should be careful not to put too much emphasis on the position and role of McKay as a Renaissance writer because such an approach is likely to overlook the complexity and multiplicity of his life and literary world. More than anything else, his life and literary works in Jamaica was closely related with the historical context at that time. If judging his short but significant career as a colonial constable based on poems collected in Constab Ballads, it was one of turning points in his life which gave him a chance to face realities of racial discrimination of Jamaican society in person and recognize how black people were divided and ruled by the British Colonialism. Such an experience and awakening was a stepping board on which he could grow his black consciousness and black solidarity. In that sense, Constab Ballads can be said a bridge between a Jamaican peasant poet and a black diaspora poet in Mckay’s literary career. (Chonbuk National University)

Kim, Kyung Soon. “Trauma in Memory: Jane Eyre.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 39.1 (2013): 29-42. This study examines how Jane Eyre may be seen in relation to trauma, the way the novel represents psychological trauma, as a personalized reaction to so terrible an event that traumatized individual cannot understand such event. Jane Eyre is told through the lens of the trauma of the first-person narrator Jane. The novel spotlights the telling of her traumatic memories associated with detachment, dissociation, disconnection, and I posit that the novel may be considered in terms of sort of traumatic aftereffects such as Jane’s encounter with Bertha, her leaning towards conscience over passion, her return to Thornfield upon hearing Mr. Rochester’s voice calling her name. The mixture of Bertha’s madness as a resistance to patriarchy and Jane’s resistance to what she had to say—Jane’s not sympathizing with Bertha’s traumatic experience—marks a dialectic of trauma. Unlike Bertha who threatens the stability of Mr. Rochester, Jane is an exemplar of turning her gaze on Rochester according to male standards of normalcy and happiness. Therefore, she is not able to find a voice to describe her emotion and suffering. She resists the telling of her trauma. She describes Bertha’s crying but not how she felt to see it. For Jane, the『not telling』of the story of Bertha serves as a perpetuation of patriarchical tyranny and suggests a distorted memory of Jane. (Kyungpook National University)

Kim, Jason. “Hank Morgan, a 19th Century Don Quixote in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 39.1 (2013): 43-63. In A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, Hank, a technocrat in 19th century America happens to go back to 6th century England and makes his journey to bring about the standard of 19th century America in England. The story contains the elements of social criticism. Hank opposes to knights, aristocrats, Roman Catholic, and slave system. Hank takes a new identity as The Boss so that he tries to bring about his own idealized utopia. However, he has a constant double vision of reality throughout the narratives. He also desires to seize the power so that it is hard to see the work a tragic dystopian story and Hank as a heroic figure. Hank represents his duality and that of human beings. Therefore, It is much more safe to view the work as a humorous satire on man’s irreconcilable dualism. Hank cannot make a clear-cut philosophical argument out of the contrast between 19th century America and 6th century England. Coming back to the 19th century, he assumes new identity by denying The Boss. He is found dying and calling out the wife and daughter whom he had lived with in 6th century England. In this respect, he can be seen as a Don Quixote in the 19th century. (Konyang University)

Kim, Jeongho. “A Semiotic Approach to Rituals of Black Drama through Baraks’s Dutchman.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 39.1 (2013): 65-84. Semiotics is important and useful to the study of Baraka’s ritual drama. A semiotic approach to Baraka’s ritual drama enables us to understand Baraka’s theatrical stance to seek a theatre that would prevent Blacks from being destroyed by rage and psychological sterility. Baraka launched so-called the revolutionary theatre as a device of militant denunciation of oppression. To fulfill this goal, Baraka recaptured and applied the efficacy of African rituals. Central to Baraka’s revolutionary theatres including Dutchman is his adaptation and utilization of ritual. The common tenets of both Black theatre and semiotics revolve on the subversive strategy toward arbitrary relationship between the signifier and the signified of any given sign. (Chonbuk National University)

Lo, Kyung Eun. “The Female Gaze in George Eliot’s Middlemarch.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 39.1 (2013): 85-102. To possess the gaze has traditionally meant in Western culture to occupy a male subject position in relation to one’s objects of vision. While critics have often identified the omniscient narrator of George Eliot’s Middlemarch with the all-powerful male gaze, this paper aims to challenge and undermine the dominance of the male gaze in the novel by examining narrative points of view as well as the various masculine discourses of vision—such as artistic, scientific, and medical gazes—which subject women under the scopic dominance of the male. By applying the concept of the gaze to narrative stance as well as examining how women are represented through the male gaze, I claim that the male gaze associated with its omniscient narrative is not dominant or monolithic, but that it is possible to locate a version of the female gaze, as exemplified by Dorothea’s sympathetic gaze, that can be a powerful resistance and alternative to the masculine gaze and its scopic regime. By focusing on the interrelated issues of the gaze, gender, aesthetics, and narrative, this reading of Middlemarch clearly demonstrates the radical nature of the feminist project Eliot was engaged in her critique of oppressive masculine system of viewing and its power relations. (Konkuk University)

Sohn, Kyung-Hwan. “Efficacy of Monologue and Aside as a Mask in O’Neill’s Strange Interlude.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 39.1 (2013): 103-122. This study aims at interpreting Eugene O’Neill’s Strange Interlude from the efficacy of the stage monologue and aside as a mask. O’Neill tried to express the desires of contemporary man and its social problems, according to ritual, fantasy and disillusionment he worked drastically hard to experiment with the expressionistic and naturalistic stages. He also used masks to go for profound analysis of the inner as well as the fact that shares character’s appearance. In Strange Interlude unlike the actual mask, psychological masks can be remarkable as the effect of the novel, revealing the stream of consciousness technique. Also it was a very useful dramatic device with stage technic. This application in Strange interlude is accomplished to the stage monologue and aside such as the psychological mask device, therefore all the characters and the elements of psychological conflicts that occur in are shown in the appearances of masks. (Wonkwang Health Science University)

Song, Si Chun. “Manipulating Gender: The Flexibility of Skin in Angela Carter’s The Passion of New Eve.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 39.1 (2013): 123-147. This paper examines the image of the body in Angela Carter’s 1997 novel The Passion of New Eve. This paper argues that Carter rejects essentialist concepts of femininity that view gender as something innate within individuals and only somewhat conditioned by either biology or upbringing. In her novel, Carter problematizes the universal biological categories of women and men by representing a collision between human skin and self. This paper suggests that Carter regards human skin as a flexible material that can be modified depending on one’s view toward skin. By combining the postmodern deconstruction of identity with the flexibility of skin, Carter deconstructs the assumed fixedness of gender identity. Moreover, she emphasizes that the primary source of situating gender difference is not biological difference, but cultural production. (Texas A&M University)

Ahn, Somi. “The 21st-Century Detective-Criminal Relationship in Sherlock.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 39.1 (2013): 149-166. The twenty first century saw a myriad of crime TV series. Among them, indeed, BBC’S Sherlock, set in modern-day London, received highly favorable reviews and has been sold to over 180 territories. What seems obvious in Sherlock is that its success stems from the original novel’s fandom. They are the ones who used to read Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s novels over and over again and now find it intriguing to compare the nineteenth and the twenty first century. If there is the biggest thing in Sherlock that stands in stark contrast to the Victorian London, it would be the change in the detective Holmes. The new Holmes, not only called as a psychopath by others but also defined as a sociopath by himself, embodies the disruption of the authority previously owned by the old Holmes. Hence, throughout this study, I suggest that it is the subversion of Victorian detective’s panoptic gaze that brought the drastic change in the twenty first-century detective’s position in the metropolis. (Ewha Womans University)

Yu, Jie-Ae. “Unraveling Contemplations on Mortality and Resilience in John Donne’s Death’s Duel.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 39.1 (2013): 167-183. The main purpose of this paper is to scrutinize how John Donne’s Death’s Duel features his keen investigations into human mortality and wriggle with man’s limitation of overcoming and liberating from its boundary. A number of textual evidences in this work, the author’s last sermon, epitomizes the recurring motifs of the manifold deaths of human beings. They also delineate his persistent contemplations on the unfathomable actualities of the paradoxical facets of man’s mortality. On the basis of his literary motto, Psalm 68, Donne establishes who is able to preside over the problem of man’s demolition and freedom from it. He then propounds his meditations on the prominent way of combating the seemingly irresolvable bounds through mental and spiritual reactions. Indeed, Donne’s unswerving concern with such unavoidable sides of human mortality vigorously proceeds to unfurl and get over his deeply ingrained sense of sin and fear of man’s inevitable culmination in this world. (Changwon National University)

Lee, Kwang-hee. “The Progress of Relationship between Religion and Politics in Graham Greene’s Catholic Novels.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 39.1 (2013): 185-205. Both the theme of religion and the theme of politics are combined well in The Power and the Glory, The Honorary Consul and Monsignor Quixote among Graham Greene’s Catholic novels. It is very significant to examine the progress of the relationship between religion and politics over the course of more than 40 years from The Power and the Glory(1940) to Monsignor Quixote(1982). In The Power and the Glory politics oppresses religion by political power but in the end politics is defeated spiritually by religion. In The Honorary Consul religion fights fiercely against politics but the improvement of political circumstances is not realized as much as religion requires. The tension between religion and politics is tight. In Monsignor Quixote religion and politics get along with each other. They admit their own weak points and their opponent’s strong points and try to approach a much desirable cooperation for both sides. They are willing to allow the opportunity for dialogue with their partners and to have the accompanying relationship with each other. This is the true spirit of contemporary times that Greene suggests to us. (Kongju National University)

Hwang, Hyosik. “Shakespeare and the Common Men Represented in His History Plays.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 39.1 (2013): 207-226. Shakespeare’s play often contain contempt for the common men or working class. It is expressed mostly by the proud noble characters who are very critical of them. Generations of critics have maintained that Shakespeare shared this anti-populist sentiment with his social betters. For instance, they equated the nobles’ contempt for common men in 2 Henry VI and Julius Caesar with Shakespeare’s own contempt for the working class. However, as a yeoman, Shakespeare shows sympathy for the lower class people in Henry V, in which he portrays them as victims. Yeoman soldiers the disguised king encounters in the play reveal discontents with the king and his war. In Coriolanus, rebellious citizens express a strong desire to participate in politics. Tribunes are appointed to placate their demand for their voices in politics. The problem, however, is that tribunes do not represent well but serve their own purposes. The play reflects Shakespeare’s belief in the possibilities of the common men in representative politics, although he also shows that republicanism has limitations because of the abuse of the representation. (Chungbuk National University)

Kang, Seung-Man. “Negation and Scope.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 39.1 (2013): 227-241. This paper delves into some interesting aspects of negation in terms of Negative Concord (NC), negation classification, and negative scope ambiguity in English. In this paper, I defend the view that English is an NC language and it thereby has the functional phrase NegP headed by Neg. The distinction, however, should be made between NC and DN (Double Negation), in which two negatives cancel each other out in order to yield one affirmative statement. As for the classification of negation, I argue that negation is virtually reduced to clausal versus phrasal negation. If the Neg head projects NegP selected by T, it is referred to as clausal negation. If a negator adjoins to any phrase, on the other hand, it is simply treated as a negative adverbial. Negation in English gives rise to scope ambiguity against negated elements, yielding a surface scope reading and an inverse scope reading. The inverse scope reading usually occurs when negated elements are focused via the stress or intonation. I propose that the focused elements and the Neg head share the focus (FOC) feature and they undergo feature checking by reconstruction at LF. (Chungbuk National University)

Park, Hyesook & Lee, Ho Jung. “The Relationships of WTC and Motivation in Korean EFL Learners’ Oral Communicative Competence.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 39.1 (2013): 243-271. This study took an aim to explore the relationships among willingness to communicate (WTC), motivation and English oral communicative competence of Korean EFL learners. The participants were 65 Korean college students who took English speaking classes in 2012. Questionnaires related to WTC and motivation were given to the participants and their oral communicative competence was assessed by TOEIC speaking test. The results of analyses showed that WTC was most closely linked with Korean English learners’ oral communicative competence, and that WTC, and instrumentality were significantly positive predictors for Korean EFL learners’ oral communicative competence, while ought-to self was a negative predictor. The results of correlation showed that integrativeness and ideal self had more closely significant correlations with WTC than others. From these findings, suggestions for enhancing Korean EFL learners’ WTC and oral communicative competence were given. (Kunsan Nat’l University ․ Woosuk University)

Shin, Chang-Ok. “The study of elementary school students’ English learning engagement: From the sociocultural perspective.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 39.1 (2013): 273-298. The purpose of this study is to explore Korean EFL students’ English learning engagement at the elementary school level. Based on Vygostky’s(1978) sociocultural perspective in learning, this study analyzed the students’ engagement in English learning in terms of zone of proximal development(ZPD), play, and shared activities. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect the data. Data analysis revealed that Korean elementary students lack independent performance from ZPD, play, and shared activities in learning English. This study pedagogically suggests that students should be given enough time to reach the level of independent performance, the facilitation of game activities to motivate English learning, and the necessity of cooperative learning to reduce stress and concern from competitive English learning environment. (Changwon Hogye Middle School)

Yang, SoYoung. “The Production and Perception of Aspirated and Unaspirated Voiceless Stops in English” Studies in English Language & Literature. 39.1 (2013): 299-314. This study examines the production of English s+stop onsets and the perception of a two-way laryngeal contrast between aspirated and unaspirated stops by advanced Korean learners of English to investigate the role of the learners’ L1 knowledge and universal principles in the L2 phonetic acquisition of voiceless stops. To analyze the learners’ interlanguage, I employ Eckman’s Structural Conformity Hypothesis (SCH) which predicts that primary language universals influence the structuring of interlanguage phonology. Three male and three female Korean learners of English participated in the study, and data was obtained through three tasks: reading sentences, describing pictures and discriminating sounds. A one-way ANOVA and a t-test were used to investigate for VOT differences among language groups, including the subjects of this study. The results of the study show that the subjects’ comprehension of English allophones relies on the phonemic distinctions of L1 voiceless stops and a universal unmarked feature of aspirated stops. This finding supports the SCH. (Kwangju Women’s University)

Jeong, Haeja. “Are suffixed verb forms in complex predicate construction really nouns?” Studies in English Language & Literature. 39.1 (2013): 315-338. This paper discussed the status of suffixed verb forms in certain complex verb constructions which consist of a verb and a suffixed verb form followed by a verb like ‘mek-e-pota, ga-ko-sipta, ilk-ji-anhta’. How to form a complex predicate has mainly been syntactically analyzed (Koopman 2005) or semantically treated (Lee 1976, Kim 1984) or morphologically motivated (Sells 1995). I argued one aspect of a complex predicate with respect to the morphological approach. Unlike Cho (1988)' assumption of ‘-e -ko, -ji’ as nominalizers, I suggested that ‘-e -ko, -ji’ are bound morphemes as an augment of the stem, resulting in an extended stem of a verb and then, the suffixed verb form is combined with another verb to derive a complex verb like ‘mek-e-pota, ga-ko-siphta, ilk-ji-anhta’. Here, the suffixed verb form is not a noun and the above bound affixes are morphologically conditioned. I also argued that the fact the suffixed verb form can take various case markers is not the reliable diagnostic evidence because case markers in Korean can be quite freely assigned to the constituents syntactically, semantically, and pragmatically. I showed this analysis is more preferable to the ones from other perspectives owing to the existence of the diachronic pieces of evidence, that is, bare verb stem. (Chonbuk National University).

Cho, Young Ah & Ma, Jee Hyun. “The Effects of Task-induced Involvement and Word Exposure Frequency on L2 College Students’ Vocabulary Acquisition.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 39.1 (2013): 339-367. This study examined the effects of task-induced involvement and word exposure frequency on L2 college students’ vocabulary acquisition. Ninety university students participated in the study and were assigned to three groups. All the groups were exposed to three different reading tasks with two word levels of exposure frequency. These tasks were counterbalanced under different passages and task combinations. The results showed that task-induced involvement and word exposure frequency positively influenced on the leaners’ vocabulary acquisition for immediate and long-term retention respectively, however, there exists no significant interaction effect between these two variables. More specifically, this study found that tasks with higher involvement load led to better word gains immediately, but not necessarily for a long time. On the other hand, an increasing exposure frequency resulted in L2 leaners’ vocabulary improvement significantly for long as well as short-term retention, confirming the importance of repetitive word exposure to L2 learners’ vocabulary acquisition over time. Based on the findings, pedagogical suggestions which could be employed in instructional settings were made. (Chonnam National University)